Pattern makers' journal.

Mode of access: Internet.

Immobilization of aluminum chloride on MCM-41 as a new catalyst system for liquid-phase isopropylation of naphthalene

A great deal of effort has been made at searching for alternative catalysts to replace conventional Lewis acid catalyst aluminum trichloride (AlCl3). In this paper, immobilization of AlCl3 on mesoporous MCM-41 silica with and without modification was carried out. The catalytic properties of the immobilized catalyst systems for liquid-phase isopropylation of naphthalene were studied and compared with those of H/MCM-41 and H/mordenite. The structures of the surface-immobilized aluminum chloride catalysts were studied and identified by using solid-state magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS NMR), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), nitrogen adsorption, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. The catalytic activity of the immobilized catalysts was found to be similar to that of acidic mordenite zeolite. A significant enhancement in the selectivity of 2,6-diisopropylnaphthalene (2,6-DIPN) was observed over the immobilized aluminum chloride catalysts. Immobilization of aluminum chloride on mesoporous silica coupled with surface silylation is a promising way of developing alternative catalyst system for liquid-phase Friedel-Crafts alkylation reactions. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

Investigating direct routes to an advanced intermediate for the synthesis of C-20 diterpene alkaloids

Rapid access to the ABCE ring system of the C-20 diterpene alkaloids was achieved by silver (I) promoted intramolecular Friedel-Crafts arylation of a functional group specific 5-bromo-3-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane derivative. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

The Pedagogical Practice of Locative Experience

We work collectively with varied locative-type projects and look to integrate our students into contemporary experience design culture. Students experience the ‘how and what’ of locative by becoming participant users, being exposed to contemporary works, and placing themselves in the role of the designer producing their own located works.

FADIGA E DEPRESSÃO NO IDOSO

A fadiga é um sintoma inespecífico, encontrado com freqüência na população. Ela é definida como sensação de cansaço físico profundo, perda de energia ou mesmo sensação de exaustão, e é importante a sua diferenciação com depressão ou fraqueza. Os transtornos depressivos e ansiosos constituem os transtornos psiquiátricos mais freqüentes no idoso, e quase sempre dão lugar a conseqüências graves neste grupo etário. Este estudo visa avaliar a influência da ansiedade e depressão sobre o desencadeamento de fadiga e evolução de problemas de saúde e de comportamentos peculiares ao processo de envelhecimento. Trata-se de um estudo, do tipo caso-controle investigando ansiedade, depressão e fadiga. Foram avaliados 61 indivíduos com 60 anos de idade ou mais. Um grupo controle constituído por 60 indivíduos jovens (idade até 35 anos), foram selecionados entre estudantes do Centro Universitário de Santo André que responderam um Questionário de Características Gerais, um Inventário de Ansiedade traço-estado, um Inventário de Depressão de Beck e uma Escala de Severidade de Fadiga. O grupo de idosos apresentou um escore significativamente maior em relação ao grupo controle na escala de severidade de fadiga. O grupo de idosos apresentou escore médio de 36,87 ± 14,61 enquanto o grupo controle apresentou escore médio de 31,47 ± 12,74 (t = 2,167; df = 119; p = 0,032). No entanto, o grupo de idosos apresentou escores significativamente maiores na escala de Beck (10,54 ± 8,63) em relação aos controles (6,83 ± 7,95); t = 2,455; df = 119; p = 0,016). Analisando-se apenas o grupo de indivíduos idosos, observou-se uma correlação significativa entre os escore da escala de severidade de fadiga e a escala de depressão de Beck (correlação de Pearson = 0,332; p = 0,009). Ainda trabalhando apenas com o grupo de indivíduos idosos, observou-se um escore significativamente maior da escala de severidade de fadiga naqueles indivíduos que praticavam atividade física regular, sendo, escore médio de 31,55 ± 13,36; (t = 2,203; df = 58; p = 0,032). A partir da análise dos resultados deste estudo pôde-se concluir que o grupo de indivíduos idosos apresentam estatisticamente significante escore maior, quando comparado com o grupo controle, apresentando mais sintomas de fadiga e depressão. Estes sintomas de fadiga ocorreram em conjunto com sintomas depressivos sugerindo uma possível correlação entre estes. Quando se observou apenas os idosos, esta correlação foi confirmada. Analisado-se ainda somente o grupo de indivíduos idosos observa-se que o grupo de idosos que praticam atividade física regularmente apresentam menos sintomas fadiga que o grupo que não pratica atividade física.(AU)

The chemical structure and mechanical properties of phenolic resins and related polymers

Paper-based phenolic laminates are used extensively in the electrical industry. Many small components are fabricated from these materials by the process known as punching. Recently an investigation was carried out to study the effect of processing variables on the punching properties. It was concluded that further work would be justified and that this should include a critical examination of the resin properties in a more controlled and systematic manner. In this investigation an attempt has been made to assess certain features of the resin structure in terms of thermomechanical properties. The number of crosslinks in the system was controlled using resins based on phenol and para-cresol formulations. Intramolecular hydrogen bonding effects were examined using substituted resins and a synthetically derived phenol based on 1,3-di-(o-hydroxyphenyl) propane.. A resin system was developed using the Friedel Crafts reaction to examine inter-molecular hydrogen bonding at the resin-paper interface. The punching properties of certain selected resins were assessed on a qualitative basis. In addition flexural and dynamic mechanical properties were determined in a general study of the structure-property relationships of these materials. It has been shown that certain features of the resin structure significantly influenced mechanical properties. :F'urther, it was noted that there is a close relationship between punching properties, mechanical damping and flexural strain. This work includes a critical examination of the curing mechanism and views are postulated in an attempt to extend knowledge in this area of the work. Finally, it is argued that future work should be based on a synthetic approach and that dynamic mechanical testing would provide a powerful tool In developing a deeper understanding of the resin fine structure.

Die Behandlung englischen Kulturgutes im Wiener fin de siècle:am Beispiel von Hugo von Hofmannsthal, Hermann Bahr und Peter Altenberg

This study explores the fascination which English culture represented in turn-of-the-century Vienna. The writers that are going to be discussed are the renowned Anglophile Hugo von Hofmannsthal, the more ambivalent Hermann Bahr and the idealizing, but Janus-faced Peter Altenberg. With the more widely known poet, prose writer and playwright, Hofmannsthal, individual aspects of his engagement with English culture have already been well researched; the same, however, cannot be said in the case of Hermann Bahr, whose extensive literary oeuvre has now largely been forgotten, and who has, instead, come to be valued as a prominent figure in the culture life of modernist Vienna, and Peter Altenberg, whose literary fame rests mainly on his prose poems and who, a legend in his life-time, has in recent years also increasingly attracted research interest as a phenomenon and ‘embodiment’ of the culture of his time: while their engagement with French literature, for example, has long received its due share of attention, their debt to English culture has, until now, been neglected. This thesis, therefore, sets out to explore Hofmannsthal’s, Bahr’s and Altenberg’s perception and portrayal of English civilization – ranging from English character and stereotypes, to what they saw as the principles of British society; it goes on to investigate the impulses they derive from Pre-Raphaelite art (Rossetti, Burne-Jones, Whistler) and the art and crafts-movement centred around William Morris, as well as their inspiration by the art criticism of John Ruskin and Walter Horatio Pater. In English literature one of the focal points will be their reading and evaluation of aestheticism as it was reflected in the life and writings of the Dubliner Oscar Wilde, who was perceived, by these Austrian authors, as a predominant figure of London’s cultural life. Similarly, they regarded his compatriot George Bernard Shaw as a key player in turn-of-the-century English (and European) culture. Hermann Bhar largely identified with him. Hofmannsthal, on the other hand, while having some reservations, acknowledged his importance and achievements, whereas Peter Altenberg saw in Shaw a model to reassure him, as his writings were becoming more openly didactic and even more miniaturistic than they had already been. He turned to Shaw, too, to explain and justify his new goal of making his texts more intelligent to a wider circle of readers.

Kosher Airline Food: A Logistical Challenge

Providing meals to passengers on aircrafts requires a complex logistical system if it is to be done sucessfully. Variations to that system are required if special meals, such as kosher ones, are to be provided since it entails unique system challenges. The authors discuss service requirements, the challenges they pose to the inflight meal service logistical system, and some of the ways in which these challenges are met.

Managers' Perception of Alcohol Service Training Programs

In order to serve alcoholic beverages in a responsible manner, most managers turn to alcohol server training programs to provide effective standardized training for the alcohol server. Whether or not the programs are perceived by hospitality managers as effective has not been established. The author presents the results of a study of Oklahoma hospitality managers who perceive alcohol server training as becoming less effective.

Manager's Perceptions of Alcohol Server Staffing and Training Methods

Over-consumption of alcoholic beverages is a concern of managers of hotels and motels with a club/lounge, restaurant, and tavern. The authors surveyed members of two industry associations in Oklahoma to ascertain alcohol server training methods and managers' perception of the value of such programs.

A atenção à crise e o apoio matricial: analisadores da estratégia atenção psicossocial

The National Policy on Mental Health is characterized as a territorial - political community , and it has the Psychoso cial Care Strategy (Eaps) as guideline for the proposal and the development of their actions. In its design, CAPS is idealized to be a strategic equipment within the Psychoso cial Care Network/RAPS. Matricial support and at tention to the crisis constitute strategic areas of action of CAPS in its replacement mission , and as it is g uided by the scope of deinstitutionalization, those are essential to the success of these services. We argue that sustain crises in existential territories of life is a condition for the effectiveness of psychosocial care and, ultimately, to the sustainability of its Reform. In this direction, the matricial support tool reveals a territorial supporter, intercessory and powerful in building a psychosocial care to the crisis. Recognized as one of the major challenges by the Brazilian Ministry of Health, forward these fronts materializes for workers in their mi cropolitical crafts. Our research arises as an investment toward empower them , and aimed to understand the operationalization of attention to the crisis and matricial support in a CAPS II, in the view of its workers . Besides, it aims to examine such practi ces forward the principles and purposes of Psychosocial Care Strategy. Inspired by the research - intervention and by the political and social ideas of Institutiona l Analysis, we offer a space for reflection and exchange, by implicational interviews , enablin g workers to launch them in analysis of practices in the EAPs view. We have done a documentary consulting CAPS Technical Project, and a return stage to the institution, by organizing workshop and conversation groups with CAPS workers. The results have show n that there are institutional logics in competition on that service. When operating the logic risk, some difficulties in sustaining most intense crisis situations were identified, the psychiatric hospital internment is used as a facility, particularly in view of some cases, in which the aggressiveness of the person in crises becomes aggressive, and when the brackets SAMU, the CAPS III and Comprehensive Care Beds do not respond satisfactorily to their users requests. Order weaknesses were indicated in this thesis as macropolitical and micropolitical interfering in network support. The matricial actions were identified as a powerful intercessor resource in crisis care appeared weakened, and indicates little porosity in the relationship between the Service and the territory where it takes place. Noticed by the logic of home care, without operate primarily as a knowledge exchange device, we saw capture points in the logic of assistance with ambulatoriza tion production of CAPS, welfare practices and "ext empore " . T he E APs , although it emerge s as a guiding, it is not seen to workers as effective practice. On the one hand, the results signaled that the attention to the crisis and the matricial actions are developed without tenacious connection with the purposes of EA Ps, on the other hand, successful cases were indicated with the main leads to conducting wire of intersectoral actions to the powerful bonds and to the participation of user in their care process es , indicating insurgent forces tha t intend by traditional lo gic .