不同尺寸分布的自组织In_(0.55)Al_(0.45)As/Al_(0.5)Ga_(0.5)As量子点的静压光谱

在15K测量了不同尺寸分布的In_(0.55)Al_(0.45)As/Al_(0.5)Ga_(0.5)As量子点的静压我致发光，静压范围为0--1.3GPa。常压下观察到三个发光峰，分别来源于不同尺寸的量子点(横向直径分别为26、52和62nm)的发光。它产的压力系数分别为82、94和98meV/GPa,都小于In_(0.55)Al_(0.45)As体材料带边的压力系数，特别是尺寸为26nm的小量子点比In_(0.55)Al_(0.45)As体材料带边小17%，并且压力系数随量子点尺寸的变小而减小。理论计算表明有效质量的增在和Γ-X混合是量子点压力系数变小的主要原因，并得到横向直径为26和52nm的小量子点的Γ－X混合势为15和10meV。根据实验还确定In_(0.55)Al_(0.45)As/Al_(0.5)Ga_(0.5)As量子点系统X能带具有Ⅱ类结构，并且估算出价带不连续量为0.15±0.02。

垂直入射Si_(0.7)Ge_(0.3)/Si多量子阱光电探测器

报道了正入射Si_(0.7)Ge_(0.3)/Si多量子阱结构光电探测器的制作和实验结果。测试了它的光电流谱和量子效率。探测器的响应波长扩展到了1.3μm以上波段。在1.3μm处量子效率为0.1%。量子效率峰值在0.95μm处达到20%。

Normal-incident SiGe/Si MQWs photodetectors operating at 1.3 mu m

A normal-incident SiGe/Si multiple quantum wells (MQWs) photodetector was reported. The structure and fabrication process of the photodetector were introduced. The photocurrent spectra measurement showed that the response spectra was expanded to 1.3 mu m wavelength. The quantum efficiency of the photodetector was 0.1% at 1.3 mu m and 20% at 0.95 mu m.

Modification of emission wavelength of self-assembled In(Ga)As/GaAs quantum dots covered by InxGa1-xAs(0 <= x <= 0.3) layer

Red shifts of emission wavelength of self-organized In(Cla)As/GaAs quantum dots (QDs) covered by 3 nm thick InxGa1-xAs layer with three different In mole fractions (x = 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3, respectively) have been observed. Transmission electron microscopy images demonstrate that the stress along growth direction in the InAs dots was reduced due to introducing the InxGa1-xAs (x = 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3) covering layer instead of GaAs layer. Atomic force microscopy pictures show a smoother surface of InAs islands covered by an In0.2Ga0.8As layer. It is explained by the calculations that the redshifts of the photoluminescence (PL) spectra from the QDs covered by the InxGa1-xAs (x greater than or equal to 0.1) layers were mainly due to the reducing of the strain other than the InAs/GaAs intermixing in the InAs QDs. The temperature dependent PL spectra further confirm that the InGaAs covering layer can effectively suppress the temperature sensitivity of PL emissions. 1.3 mum emission wavelength with a very narrow linewidth of 19.2 mcV at room temperature has been obtained successfully from In,In0.5Ga0.5As/GaAs self-assembled QDs covered by a 3-nm In0.2Ga0.2As strain reducing layer. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

Selective Extraction of Mercury(II) by 1-Naphthylthiourea-Methyl Isobutyl Ketone System

Selective extraction of Mercury(II) using 1-naphthylthiourea-methyl isobutyl ketone (ANTU-MIBK) system from hydrochloric acid solutions (0.1-10 M) has been studied. Influence of foreign ions, acid and ligand concentrations has been investigated. Addition of ANTU in MIBK enhanced, extraction capacity of MIBK to several times. Low effect of foreign ions and high separation factors for a number of metal ions determined at 0.5 M hydrochloric acid concentration evaluated the proposed method efficient and selective. The experimental data obtained from application of the method for extraction of mercury from a synthetic aqueous solution reveal that more than 99% mercury can be separated from cadmium, zinc and selenium in a single step with five minutes equilibration

1、吗啡成瘾及吗啡对其他学习记忆的影响 2、老年猕猴初级视觉皮层细胞时间及空间特性的改变

一、 药物滥用是一种慢性、复发性脑疾病。药物滥用将导致药物成瘾（addiction），其主要表现有药物依赖、药物耐受、药物敏感化以及药物停用后的戒断症状（withdraw symptom）。药物成瘾的核心特征是强迫性觅药和用药行为。药物成瘾会导致药物滥用者认知功能的损伤和认知偏差，并会造成滥用者情绪异常。药物成瘾是一个复杂的生物学过程，有着及其复杂的机理。对药物成瘾机制的解释有很多种，主要认为成瘾过程是一种学习记忆过程，学习记忆的机制在药物成瘾过程中起到了非常重要的作用。首先，学习记忆和药物成瘾过程都受到了相似的神经营养因子以及神经递质系统的调控，例如：它们都受cAMP，CREB等调控因子的调控。其次，研究发现与成瘾相关的线索，如用药有关的人物、地点或暗示等，在药物戒断很长时间后都会恢复吸毒者的用药行为。并且，当把与成瘾相关的线索呈现给毒品戒断中的人时，这些人会出现心率、呼吸加快，血压升高等现象，甚至表现出明显的渴求行为。药物对学习记忆的影响是复杂的，虽然重复使用药物会导致药物成瘾，并且这个过程需要学习记忆机制的参与，但同时使用吗啡却会对其他类型的学习记忆（如：恐惧性学习记忆、一次性被动回避学习记忆和水迷宫空间学习记忆）造成破坏。学习前给予吗啡可以剂量及状态依赖地破坏被动回避试验以及空间辨别试验的记忆获取过程。学习过程结束后立即给予吗啡可以破坏一次性被动回避试验、主动回避试验和恐惧条件化试验的记忆巩固过程。测试前给予吗啡可以破坏空间辨别试验的记忆提取过程。本研究的目的在于更进一步地了解使用吗啡导致吗啡成瘾以及使用吗啡导致学习记忆的各个阶段受损的机制。为此我们采用了药理学以及多种行为学的方法，1、用PTZ诱发的癫痫持续状态干扰吗啡成瘾的学习记忆过程，进一步比较了吗啡成瘾的学习记忆与其他学习记忆，例如：空间学习记忆以及食物奖赏学习记忆的机制有何异同；2、研究了β-肾上腺素系统与阿片系统在空间记忆巩固过程中的相互作用；3、我们还研究了NMDA受体的激动剂和拮抗剂在吗啡破坏空间记忆提取过程中的作用。研究结果发现： 1．戊四唑诱发的癫痫持续状态，对吗啡建立的条件化位置偏好没有任何影响，动物仍然对阳性箱（吗啡匹配箱）表现出明显的偏好。但是癫痫持续状态破坏了食物建立的条件化位置偏好，并且还破坏了水迷宫和Y迷宫检测的空间记忆。癫痫持续状态破坏了食物建立的条件化位置偏好，原因不是由于其影响了动物的食欲。此外，癫痫持续状态也没有持续地破坏动物的活动能力，因此，对动物活动量的影响也不是造成其他学习记忆破坏的原因。这些结果说明，吗啡成瘾的学习记忆和普通的学习记忆在机制上可能存在不同之处。为了说明这个问题，我们还需要进行其他更深入的研究。 2、训练后立即单独注射吗啡（0.25和2.5 mg/kg）或心得安（2，10和20 mg/kg）都不会破坏动物Y-迷宫空间记忆的巩固过程，动物仍然能识别新异环境，并在里面停留较长时间。但是，训练后同时注射吗啡和心得安却可以破坏动物空间记忆的巩固过程。并且，较高剂量的吗啡（2.5 mg/kg）加上较高剂量的心得安（10和20 mg/kg）对记忆的破坏更严重，实验组动物在新异环境停留的时间显著低于对照组。这说明阿片系统和去甲肾上腺素系统在破坏记忆巩固的过程中可能有协同作用。 3、记忆提取前30分钟注射吗啡（1和10 mg/kg）可以剂量依赖地破坏Y-迷宫空间记忆的提取。单独注射NMDA受体的激动剂NMDA（1，2和4 mg/kg）对动物的空间记忆提取没有影响，但是，单独注射NMDA受体拮抗剂MK-801（0.05，0.1和0.2 mg/kg）剂量依赖地破坏了空间记忆的提取。同时注射吗啡（10 mg/kg）和NMDA（2 mg/kg）可以阻断吗啡对空间记忆造成的破坏作用。相反，共同注射吗啡（1 mg/kg）和MK-801（0.05 mg/kg）可以加重吗啡对空间记忆造成的破坏作用。这说明谷氨酸系统可以干扰吗啡对记忆提取过程的影响。 二、衰老严重地影响了人们的视觉功能，然而眼睛光学系统的老年性改变并不能完全解释清楚这种视觉功能衰退。一般认为是神经系统的退化导致了这种老年性功能降低。但是，研究显示视网膜（retina）和外膝体（dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus, dLGN）在衰老的过程中神经元的数量和体积以及神经元的功能特性，如对比度敏感性、空间分辨率等，都没有明显的变化，因此，人们推测老化导致的神经系统的变化发生在更高级的视觉皮层。过去几年的研究发现老年动物视觉皮层细胞发生了一系列反应特性的改变，如：老年动物皮层细胞的方向选择性和方位选择性降低以及细胞反应的潜伏期延长。这些细胞水平的变化被认为是老年性视觉功能衰退的神经机制。为了更全面地了解衰老过程对视觉皮层的影响以及细胞反应改变与整体功能降低之间的关系，本研究采用活体动物细胞外单位记录的方法，比较了青年和老年猕猴初级视觉皮层细胞时间反应特性和空间反应特性的差异。研究结果发现：老年动物初级视觉皮层细胞的时间频率和空间频率敏感性明显比年轻动物降低。表现为老年动物初级视觉皮层细胞的最优时间和空间频率、空间分辨率（spatial resolution, SR）和较高时间截至频率（high temporal frequency cut-off, TF50）都显著低于年轻动物初级视觉皮层细胞，同时伴随着这些功能的降低，老年动物初级视觉皮层细胞的自发放增加，对视觉刺激的反应增加，但是信噪比却显著降低。这些结果表明，老年动物初级视觉皮层细胞的功能在老化过程中都普遍降低。这可能是导致老年人视觉功能降低的原因。

Blends of Polypropylene and Syndiotactic 1,2-Polybutadiene: Morphology, Crystallization Behaviors and Mechanical Properties

Morphologies, crystallization behavior and mechanical properties of polypropylene(PP)/syndiotactic 1,2-polybutadiene(s-1,2 PB) blends were investigated. Morphology observation shows the well dispersed domains of s-1,2 PB in PP matrix with the rather small domain sizes from 0.1 to 0.5 mu m when the s-1,2 PB content increases from 5% to 20% (mass fraction) in the blends, and the phase structure tends to become co-continuous as s-1,2 PB content further increases.

Electrochemical hydrogen storage in (Ti1-xVx)(2)Ni (x=0.05-0.3) alloys comprising icosahedral quasicrystalline phase

For (Ti1-xVx)(2)Ni (x = 0.05,0.1,0.15,0.2 and 0.3) ribbons, synthesized by arc-melting and subsequent melt-spinning techniques, an icosahedral quasicrystalline phase was present, either in the amorphous matrix or together with the stable Ti2Ni-type phase. With increasing x values, the maximum discharge capacity of the alloy electrodes increased until reached 271.3 mAh/g when x = 0.3. The cycling capacity retention rates for these electrodes were approximately 80% after a preliminary test of 30 consecutive cycles of charging and discharging.

Electrochemical corrosion behavior of Mg-5Al-0.4Mn-xNd in NaCl solution

The electrochemical corrosion behavior of Mg-5Al-0.4Mn-xNd (x = 0, 1, 2 and 4 wt.%) alloys in 3.5% NaCl solution was investigated. The corrosion behavior of the alloys was assessed by open circuit potential measure, potentiodynamic polarization, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The electrochemical results show the intermetallic precipitates with Nd behave as less noble cathodes in micro-galvanic corrosion and suppress the cathodic process. During corrosion, Al2O3 and Nd2O3, in proper ratio, is incorporated into the corrosion film, and enhances the corrosion resistance.

Microstructures and mechanical properties of extruded Mg-8Gd-0.4Zr alloys containing Zn

Microstructures and mechanical properties of the Mg-8Gd-xZn-0.4Zr (x = 0, 1 and 3 wt.%) alloys in the as-cast, as-extruded and extruded-T5 conditions, have been investigated. The peak-aged Mg-8Gd-1Zn-0.4Zr alloy during isothermal ageing at 423 K acquires highest mechanical properties, with the highest ultimate tensile strength and yield tensile strength of 314 and 217 MPa, respectively. Addition of Zn has obvious effect on age hardening responses, especially for 1 wt.% Zn addition. It is due to a uniform distribution of beta' phase which can impede the movement of dislocations. However, addition of 3 wt.% Zn to the Mg-8Gd-0.4Zr alloy leads to a precipitation of Mg3Zn3Gd2 phase (W-phase). This phase is incoherent with interface of the matrix and becomes cores of the fracture in tensile test at room or elevated temperature.

Thermal stability, crystallization, structure and morphology of syndiotactic 1,2-polybutadiene/organoclay nanocomposite

Syndiotactic 1,2-polybutadiene/organoclay nanocomposites were prepared and characterized by thermogravimetry analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), polarized optical microscopy (POM), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), respectively. The XRD shows that exfoliated nanocomposites are formed dominantly at lower clay concentrations (less than 2%), at higher clay contents intercalated nanocomposites dominate. At the same time, the XRD indicates that the crystal structures of sPB formed in the sPB/organoclay nanocomposites do not vary, only the relative intensity of the peaks corresponding to (0 1 0) and (2 0 0)/(1 1 0) crystal planes, respectively, varies. The DSC and POM indicate that organoclay layers can improve cooling crystallization temperature, crystallization rate and reducing the spherulite sizes of sPB. TGA shows that under argon flow the nanocomposites exhibit slight decrease of thermal stability, while under oxygen flow the resistance of oxidation and thermal stability of sPB/organoclay nanocomposites were significantly improved relative to pristine sPB. The primary and secondary crystallization for pristine sPB and sPB/organoclay (2%) nanocomposites were analyzed and compared based on different approaches.

Luminescence properties of Y0.9-xGdxEu0.1Al3(BO3)(4) (0 <= x <= 0.9) phosphors prepared by spray pyrolysis process

Starting from metal nitrate aqueous solutions and H3BO3, Y0.9-xGdxEu0.1Al3(BO3)(4) (0 <= x <= 0.9) phosphors were synthesized by spray pyrolysis followed by annealing at high temperature. The obtained phosphor particles have spherical morphology with size in the range 0.5-2 mu m. Independent of the x values in Y0.9-xGdxEu0.1Al3(BO3)(4) (0 <= x <= 0.9) phosphors, the Eu3+ ion shows its characteristic D-5(0), (1)-F-7(J) (J = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4) transitions with D-5(0)-F-7(2) red emission (612 nm) as the most prominent group. The photoluminescence intensity of phosphors increases with the increase of x value in Y0.9-xGdxEu0.1Al3(BO3)(4) (0 <= x <= 0.9) due to an energy migration process like Gd3+-(Gd3+)(n)-Eu3+ that occurred in the host materials.

Electrosynthesis and characterization of 1,2-dibenzyl C-60: A revisit

A reinvestigation of the reaction between C-60(2-) and benzyl bromide in benzonitrile containing 0.1 M tetra-n-butylammonium perchlorate (TBAP) has shown that there are more reaction products than previously reported. Use of a silica rather than a "Buckyclutcher I" column for HPLC purification led to isolation of two previously unattained products in the reaction mixture, one of which was identified as 1,2-(PhCH2)(2)C-60 by UV-vis and NMR. The earlier incorrectly assigned 1,2-(PhCH2)(2)C-60 was identified as the methanofullerene C61HPh by X-ray single-crystal diffraction. The electrochemistry of genuine 1,2-(PhCH2)(2)C-60 shows that its first reduction potential in PhCN containing 0.1 M TBAP is cathodically shifted by 100 mV with respect to E-1/2 for reduction of 1,4-(PhCH2)(2)C-60, indicating that the addition pattern significantly affects the electrochemistry of derivatized C-60. Visible and near-IR spectra of the monoanion and dianion of 1,2-(PhCH2)(2)C-60 are also reported.

聚对苯二甲酸1,3-丙二醇酯溶液浇铸薄膜形态结构

聚对苯二甲酸 1 ,3-丙二醇酯 ( PTT)是典型的半结晶聚合物 ,从熔体结晶形成球晶 ,在某一结晶温度范围内 ,在球晶中可观察到环带结构[1～ 4 ] .一般认为 ,环带球晶的形成归因于片晶沿球晶径向的周期性扭曲[1,2 ] .本文研究了 PTT溶液浇铸薄膜在溶剂挥发过程中等温结晶的形态结构 .1　实验部分　　 PTT样品为美国壳牌化学公司产品 ,熔点为 2 2 8℃ .将 PTT粒料于 1 1 0℃溶解在苯酚和1 ,1 ,2 ,2 -四氯乙烷 (质量比为 60∶ 40 )的混合溶剂中 ,配成质量分数为 0 .2 %～ 2 %的溶液 ,滴少许溶液在加热的云母片上 ,在预先设定的结晶温度 ( 90～ 2 0 0℃ )下等温结晶 ,然后将 PTT薄膜快速冷却至室温 .用 Leica DMLP偏光显微镜 ( PL M)和 SPA- HV30 0原子力显微镜 ( AFM)进行形态表征 .2　结果与讨论　　图 1为 PTT溶液浇铸薄膜在不同温度下等温结晶后的 PLM图 ,可以清楚地看到 Maltese十字消光现象 .PTT溶液浇铸薄膜在 90～ 1 30℃的结晶温度范围内 ,形成环带球晶 ;当结晶温度为 1 40℃...

Green electroluminescent polyfluorenes containing 1,8-naphthalimide moieties as color tuner

A series of copolymers (CNPFs) containing low-band-gap 1,8-naphthalimide moieties as color tuner was prepared by a Yamamoto coupling reaction of 2,7-dibromo-9,9-dioctylfluorene (DBF) and different amount of 4-(3,6-dibromocarbazol-9-yl)-N-(4'-tert-butyl-phenyl)-1,8-naphthalimide (Br-CN) (0.05-1 mol% feed ratio). The light emitting properties of the resulting copolymers showed a heavy dependence on the feed ratio. In photoluminescence (PL) studies, an efficient color tuning through the Forster energy transfer mechanism was revealed from blue to green as the increase of Br-CN content, while in electroluminescence (EL) studies, the color tuning was found to go through a charge trapping mechanism. It was found that by introduction of a very small amount of Br-CN (0.1-0.5 mol%) into polyfluorene, the emission color can be tuned from blue to pure green with Commission International de l'Echairage (CIE) coordinates being (0.21, 0.42) and (0.21, 0.48). A green emitting EL single-layer device based on CNPF containing 0.1 mol% of Br-CN showed good performances with a low turn-on voltage of 4.2 V, a brightness of 9104 cd/m(2), the maximum luminous efficiency of 2.74 cd/A and the maximum power efficiency of 1.51 lm/W.