Um novo método de avaliação do "tempo esofágico" com ultra-sonografia por abordagem externa

OBJETIVO: Utilizar a ultra-sonografia como método de avaliação do "tempo esofágico" e sua capacidade de discriminação entre as substâncias não-sólidas ingeridas (água e iogurte). MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Foram estudados 22 adultos jovens, sem queixa gástrica e esofágica, de ambos os sexos. Foi utilizado transdutor de ultra-som de 3,5 MHz, convexo, em modo B, colocado na região epigástrica. O intervalo de tempo esofágico foi determinado utilizando-se um cronômetro que foi acionado no momento da movimentação da glote (início da deglutição) e interrompido ao se visualizar a passagem do conteúdo deglutido no esôfago intra-abdominal. RESULTADOS: O tempo médio de trânsito para a água foi de 6,64 ± 1,83 segundos e para o iogurte foi de 8,59 ± 2,70 segundos. A análise estatística comparativa pelo teste t pareado mostrou que as médias apresentaram diferenças significativas entre as substâncias. CONCLUSÃO: O novo método experimental de avaliar o "tempo esofágico" com ultra-som é capaz de propiciar diferenças significativas do tempo necessário para um determinado alimento (líquido ou pastoso) percorrer o esôfago, esclarecendo as suspeitas clínicas e possibilitando a indicação mais precisa de exames clínicos mais complexos.

Histopathology and prognosis of de novo bladder tumors following solid organ transplantation.

BACKGROUND: Patients following solid organ transplantation have an increased risk of developing de novo bladder tumors, but their biology is poorly characterized. METHODS: We studied 1743 patients who underwent a transurethral resection of a newly diagnosed bladder tumor at a single institution. The histopathology, treatment, recurrence-free survival and overall survival were evaluated and compared between transplant and non-transplant patients. RESULTS: We identified 74 transplant patients who developed a de novo bladder tumor after a median post-transplantation interval of 62 months. The tumor was malignant in 29 patients (39 %). The most common benign lesion was nephrogenic adenoma (84 %), which neither coexisted with nor developed into malignant tumors during follow-up. Compared with non-transplant patients (n = 1669), transplant patients were significantly younger (median 55 vs 69 years, P < 0.001) and had a 9.0-fold higher odds of benign tumors (P < 0.001), while there were no differences in pathology among patients with urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (UCB). In a multivariable analysis for non-muscle-invasive UCB that was adjusted for the risk group, patients with a transplant had a 1.8-fold increased risk of recurrence (P = 0.048). Four of five transplant patients did not respond to Bacillus Calmette-Guérin instillations. There were no differences in overall survival after radical cystectomy (P = 0.87). CONCLUSIONS: The majority of bladder tumors in transplant patients are benign, and they neither coexist with nor develop into malignant tumors. Transplant patients with non-muscle-invasive UCB show an increased risk of disease recurrence, while those treated with radical cystectomy have similar outcomes to patients without a transplant.

Manifestações da infecção pelo novo vírus influenza A (H1N1) na tomografia computadorizada de tórax

OBJETIVO: Descrever as alterações na tomografia computadorizada de tórax de casos comprovados de infecção pelo novo vírus influenza A (H1N1). MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Três observadores avaliaram, em consenso, nove tomografias computadorizadas de pacientes com infecção pelo vírus influenza A (H1N1) comprovada laboratorialmente. A idade dos pacientes variou de 14 a 64 anos (média de 40 anos), sendo cinco do sexo masculino e quatro do sexo feminino. Quatro pacientes eram previamente hígidos, quatro eram transplantados renais e uma era gestante à época do diagnóstico. Foram avaliadas a presença, a extensão e a distribuição de: a) opacidades em vidro fosco; b) nódulos centrolobulares; c) consolidações; d) espessamento de septos interlobulares; e) derrame pleural; f) linfonodomegalias. RESULTADOS: As alterações mais frequentemente encontradas foram opacidades em vidro fosco, nódulos centrolobulares e consolidações, presentes em nove (100%), cinco (55%) e quatro (44%) dos casos, respectivamente. Derrames pleurais e linfonodomegalias foram menos comuns, ocorrendo em apenas dois (22%) dos casos estudados. CONCLUSÃO: Os achados mais comuns nos casos de infecção pelo novo vírus influenza A (H1N1) foram opacidades em vidro fosco, nódulos centrolobulares e consolidações. Estas alterações não são típicas ou únicas a este agente, podendo ocorrer também em outras infecções virais ou bacterianas.

Glioma cordoide do terceiro ventrículo: descrição de um novo caso

O glioma cordoide é um tumor cerebral raro, recentemente descrito, localizado na região do terceiro ventrículo e com características histológicas, imuno-histoquímicas e ultraestruturais peculiares. Este estudo ilustra um caso de glioma cordoide do terceiro ventrículo em uma paciente de 59 anos de idade.

De novo undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma arising from a renal allograft: A case report

To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of an undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma arising from a renal graft. Transplantectomy was performed in a 47-year old woman presenting to the emergency room because of general weakness. Preoperative workup revealed a 5.5 cm malignant mass of the graft which was not present on routine ultrasound performed 12 months earlier. Following transplantectomy, local recurrence developed despite complete tumor resection and interruption of immunosuppression. Despite radiation therapy, the outcome was ultimately fatal. Genetic analysis revealed that the tumor had arisen from donor tissue. Annual ultrasound surveillance might not be enough effective to screen for these rare high grade neoplasms.

Síntese de β-cetoésteres cíclicos: novo procedimento para ciclizações de Dieckmann empregando ALCL3 e trietilamina

In this communication we describe a new methodology to Dieckmann cyclization of diethyl adipate (1) and diethyl pimelate (3) applying "push-pull" strategy using anhydrous aluminium trichloride and triethylamine in dichloromethane at room temperature. This method is very efficient, simple, safe and reproducible, giving the corresponding cyclic β-keto ester derivatives in 84% and 71% yield, respectively.

Organo-gel: um novo sistema para a imobilização de lipases e sua aplicação em síntese orgânica

Lipases have been immobilized in microemulsion-based organogels (MBG's) and successfully utilized for the enantioselective esterification, diesterification and transesterification reactions, in organic solvents at 25ºC. This methodology is described as a new alternative for the use of enzymes in organic solvents. High enzymic stability has been observed. We have also used this methodology for the successful resolution of chiral secondary alcohols. This is a convenient way of using this catalyst in organic solvents which employs small amounts of the enzyme (250mg/mL).

Um novo método para agrupar parâmetros quimiotaxonômicos

This work presents a new methodology for searching the present state of chemical evolution for different taxa, grouping five classes of secondary metabolites. Ocurrences of 10370 natural products isolated from Asteraceae were used to exemplify the method. Relationships among tribes are discussed.

Estratégia de simplificação molecular no planejamento racional de fármacos: a descoberta de novo agente cardioativo

In this article are described examples of the successful use of molecular simplification strategy in the discovery of new drugs from bioactive natural products and synthetic compounds. The discovery of a new cardiotonic derivative (37, 2-thienylidene-3,4-methylenedioxybenzoylhydrazine; LASSBio-294), efficiently synthesized from Brazilian natural product and structurally designed by molecular simplification of active pyridazinone compounds reported in the literature, is described. A brief description of the pharmacological profile of this new cardiotonic lead-compound, belonging to the N-acylhydrazone (NAH) class, is also reported herein.

Um novo modelo para os sítios de interação dos antagonistas H2, baseado na caracterização química dos sítios primário e secundário por QSAR- 3D

A new model for the H2 antagonists binding site is postulated based on adsorption coefficient values of sixteen antagonists, in the affinities constants of the primary and secondary binding sites, and in the chemical characterization of these sites by 3D-QSAR. All study compounds are in the extended conformation and deprotonated form. The lateral validation of the QSARs, CoMFA analysis, affinity constants and chemical similarity data suggest that the antagonists block the proton pump in the H2 receptor interacting with two tyrosines - one in the helix 5, and other in the helix 6.

Química verde, os desafios da química do novo milênio

The fundamental concepts of the green chemistry are highlighted in order to present the enormous number of challenges to develop a new chemistry in research, industry and education. The practice of an environmental friendly chemistry are presented to improve the economics of chemical manufacturing and to enhance the much-tarnished image of chemistry and to present the opportunities to discover and apply this new chemistry. The challenges and opportunities of green chemistry in the world and Brazil are introduced and discussed in this report.

Ação adsorvente da bauxita sobre óleo isolante novo

Samples of new insulating mineral oil, after contact with bauxite, were analyzed by visible spectrophotometry, impedance spectroscopy and their total acidity index was measured. The results of these analyses were compared to samples of new insulating mineral oil, which had not been in contact with bauxite. The comparison demonstrated that the bauxite didn't reduce the insulating capacity of the mineral oil and thus could be used to treat the oil in situ during the operation of an electric transformer.

A graduação em química: um novo químico para uma nova era

The discussions sponsored by the Brazilian Chemical Society, over the past five years, intending to produce a chemistry agenda with perspectives and needs for the next decade for the country, have involved the national chemistry community and several related sectors of Brazilian society. Chemistry education has been the theme throughout these discussions. It is known that the low level of basic and secondary education and the recent increase in high school courses and institutions adversely affect the quality of undergraduate teaching. The recent national "Curriculum Guidelines" for Chemistry Courses, through their flexible approach, encourage the integral, interdisciplinary (non compartmentalized) and critical-reflexive training of professionals as citizens and as entrepreneurs. However, deficiencies are still recognized. The system of undergraduate course evaluation has identified the most fragile modalities of the courses and other indicators. Also, it has been verified that the Brazilian chemistry industry absorbs only minimally the highly qualified professionals, which is attributed to the fact that the Federal Council of Chemistry is vertically organized and does not recognize the graduate degrees as professional qualifications. In conclusion, the importance of the effective implantation of the national curriculum guidelines is apparent, among other aspects, highlighting courses whose didactical and pedagogical projects may offer a solid formation in Chemistry. However, at the same time the guidelines are comprehensive and general enough to enable the chemistry professionals to develop varied skills.