Validation study of the Spanish Version of the Work-Family Conflict Questionnaire (CCTF)

In this study, a brief Work-Family Conflict (WFC) Questionnaire in the Spanish language is proposed that takes into account the two directions commonly reported in the literature: work interference with family (WIF), and family interference with work (FIW). The results obtained through exploratory factor analyses (EFA) and confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) with two independent samples, carried out for women and men, showed acceptable validity and reliability. A copy of the instrument in Spanish language is provided, together with the Amos 4 syntax to perform the factor invariance analysis for women and men. The suggested Work-Family Conflict Questionnaire (in Spanish, abbreviated as CCTF) may be useful in studies performed in the work setting, considering the special relevance of the concept in this line of research.

The role of tributary relative timing and sequencing in controlling large floods

Hydrograph convolution is a product of tributary inputs from across the watershed. The time-space distribution of precipitation, the biophysical processes that control the conversion of precipitation to runoff and channel flow conveyance processes, are heterogeneous and different areas respond to rainfall in different ways. We take a subwatershed approach to this and account for tributary flow magnitude, relative timing, and sequencing. We hypothesize that as the scale of the watershed increases so we may start to see systematic differences in subwatershed hydrological response. We test this hypothesis for a large flood (T >100 years) in a large watershed in northern England. We undertake a sensitivity analysis of the effects of changing subwatershed hydrological response using a hydraulic model. Delaying upstream tributary peak flow timing to make them asynchronous from downstream subwatersheds reduced flood magnitude. However, significant hydrograph adjustment in any one subwatershed was needed for meaningful reductions in stage downstream, although smaller adjustments in multiple tributaries resulted in comparable impacts. For larger hydrograph adjustments, the effect of changing the timing of two tributaries together was lower than the effect of changing each one separately. For smaller adjustments synergy between two subwatersheds meant the effect of changing them together could be greater than the sum of the parts. Thus, this work shows that while the effects of modifying biophysical catchment properties diminishes with scale due to dilution effects, their impact on relative timing of tributaries may, if applied in the right locations, be an important element of flood management.

Caciquisme rural i contrautopies pageses. Testimonis d'unes cobles de la Conca de Barberà i del Priorat

Aquest article presenta i estudia un conjunt de cobles de la tradició oral recollides a la Conca de Barberà i al Priorat. Les cançons, creades en el marc de la Restauració, denuncien un conjunt de greuges lligats al caciquisme i al desenvolupament de l’Estat i de les relacions capitalistes que aquest fomenta. Les cobles presenten dos grans registres expressius, que obeeixen a diferents perspectives dels greuges que denuncien. D’una banda tenim unes cobles caracteritzades per una sàtira violenta, dreturera, una sintaxi cantelluda, antítesis primàries, i un recurs viu a les deformacions de l’adversari. En aquests casos, les lletres obeeixen a factors percebuts en la immediatesa de la comunitat, d’acord amb una perspectiva tradicional. D’altra banda, tenim cobles que es caracteritzen per un relaxament còmic i jocós de la sàtira, per una major narrativitat o arromançament, i també per una catarsi benèfica. En aquests casos, les cançons responen a un nou ordre de factors —polítics/política de partit, representants de l’Estat, noves modes estètiques, etc.— que en la societat rural, especialment entre aquells sectors poc introduïts a la modernitat, són percebuts amb una amplitud panoràmica, d’acord amb una ingenuïtat perceptiva, amb un distanciament naïf cap a la realitat. Es tracta d’un ordre de percepcions que informen els trets expressius que hem apuntat quant a aquestes cobles. Unes manifestacions ben il·lustratives d’aquestes darreres composicions són unes contrautopies que recullen, amb voluntat de totalitat, el conjunt d’abusos que pateix la societat pagesa, general o local.

Verbs d'actitud

En aquest article es defi neix la classe dels verbs d'actitud, tant intensionalment, a partir de criteris sint àctics i sem àntics, com extensionalment. Quant a la sintaxi, s'observa que els verbs que pertanyen a aquest grup presenten almenys una estructura distintiva compartida; pel que fa a la sem àntica, a m és d'identifi car-hi els mateixos components de signifi cat, s'ha observat que presenten també el mateix tipus general d'estructura esdevenimental. La hipòtesi de treball és la de Levin [6] -els verbs que tenen el mateix signifi cat comparteixen el mateix comportament sintàctic-, encara que amb alguns matisos. El punt de partida és tamb é la classifi cació d'aquesta autora, sobre la qual es proposa una reagrupaci ó en funci ó dels criteris esmentats.

El clític 'es' i la construcció anticausativa

L'objectiu d'aquest article és defensar la responsabilitat del component lèxic pel que fa a la presència (o l'absència) del clític en la construcció anticausativa. Es presenten proves que justifiquen que les argumentacions sobre aquest fenomen des de la semàntica o l'estructura eventual, que són les més prolíferes en la bibliografia, no són vàlides per a tots els verbs que participen en l'estructura sintàctica esmentada. Es considera que ni la sintaxi ni la morfologia tampoc poden donar llum dels fets i es proposa que l'explicació de la manca d'uniformitat pel que fa a l'aparició del pronom ha de trobar-se a partir de fenòmens que no es poden discernir en observar només l'estat actual de la llengua.

Treball social i responsabilitat social corporativa, reflexions i sinergies. Explorant noves perspectives de participació.

Les empreses en tant que formen part de la comunitat, tenen una responsabilitat vers la mateixa i la realitat social que la forma. Les accions que es realitzen no són neutres, generant comportaments que cal saber preveure en benefici comú de totes les parts implicades directament o indirectament. Parlar de Responsabilitat Social Corporativa (RSC) ja és en si un fet positiu que dibuixa nous horitzons cap a societats més responsables i justes. L'incorporació de la RSC en el debat econòmic, social, ambiental, cultural i polític, fa preveure un recorregut llarg en el temps on cada vegada més empreses, entitats i organitzacions sumen esforços al seu voltant. El Treball Social com a professió coneixedora de la realitat social i les dificultats existents ha de poder jugar un paper proactiu en la RSC conjuntament amb d´altres actors. Des d'un treball col·laboratiu que afavoreixi espais de sinergia, on es sumin esforços per assolir una societat més humana, justa, solidària i responsable. En definitiva amb un missatge adreçat a treballar, des de diferents àmbits professionals, per garantir uns mínims de qualitat de vida per a totes les persones que formem part de la societat.

Implementation of Customer Relationship Management Strategy in Pulp Company

Työn tarkoituksena oli löytää Asiakkuuksienhallintastrategian käyttöönoton ongelmakohtia asiakkuuksienhallintaan erikoistuneen konsulttiyrityksen asiakasyrityksen taholta. Lisäksi työssä etsitään ratkaisuja asiakkuusteorian viemiseksi käytäntöön. Työn anti on asiakkuusstrategian käytäntöön panon ongelmakohtien paikallistaminen, prosessin vaiheiden kuvaaminen sekä asiakkuuksienhallinnan tutkiminen lähtökohtana asiakkaalle tuotettu arvo. Asiakkuusstrategian implementoinnin ongelmakohtien ja kriittisten menestystekijöiden kuvaus ja vertailu käsitellään empiirisessä osassa suhteuttaen teoriaosuuden materiaaliin. CRM Group:n kannalta työ mahdollistaa osaltaan asiakasprojektien kehitystyön.Kirjallisuusosan pohjalta implementoinnin kannalta kriittisiksi menestystekijöiksi nousivat tietoteknisten ratkaisujen sulauttaminen osaksi asiakkuusstrategiaa tukevia toimintoja, aidon synergian löytäminen asiakas – toimittaja –suhteeseen sekä asiakkuusstrategiaa kehittävän organisaation sisäinen resursointi ja henkilöstön sitouttaminen.

Tandem-MAG-hitsauksen soveltuvuus isojen levylakanoiden valmistamiseen

Diplomityön tavoitteena oli selvittää tandem-MAG-hitsausmenetelmän soveltuvuus isojen levylakanoiden valmistamiseen. Päätavoitteena oli selvittää suurimmat saavutettavat hitsausnopeudet sekä railonvalmistukselle asetettavat vaatimukset kahdella laivanrakennusteräksellä. Tutkimuksessa käytettiin omia hitsauskokeita ja liitokset testattiin luokitusseurojen vaatimusten mukaisesti. Selvitettiin myös syntyvät hitsausmuodonmuutokset sekä edut ja rajoitukset verrattuna laserhitsaukseen. Lisäksi laadittiin ei-synergiselle pulssihitsauslaitteistolle suuntaa-antava synergiakäyrä tätä sovellusta varten hitsauskokeiden perusteella. Tandem-MAG-hitsaus osoittautui erittäin kilpailukykyiseksi hitsausmenetelmäksi sovelluksessa. Magneettisen puhalluksen havaittiin olevan merkittävä häiriötekijä tällä menetelmällä hitsattaessa.

Identification and Management of Operational Risks in IT Organization of Financial Service Provider

Työn tavoitteena on tunnistaa toiminnallisia riskitekijöitä rahoituspalveluita tarjoavan yrityksen IT-organisaatiossa sekä löytää arkipäiväisiä keinoja hallita näitä riskejä. Työssä riskejä on myös tarkasteltu mahdollisen ulkoistuksen yhteydessä. Fuusiot ovat yleisiä rahoitusalan yrityksissä. Yhteenliittymien tuloksena yritysten IT-arkkitehtuuri voi olla monimutkainen ja kulttuurierot yrityksessä suuria. Synergia- ja mittakaavaetuja saadakseen yritys keskittää toimintojaan ja IT-ratkaisujaan. Riskien tunnistaminen on riskienhallintaprosessin tärkein vaihe. Tässä tutkimuksessa riskit ja riskitekijät tunnistettiin itsearvioinnin avulla kysymyssarjoja hyväksikäyttäen. Monet riskitekijät liittyivät sisäisen valvonnan ja seurannan puutteisiin. Myöhemmin näille riskeille pohdittiin työryhmässä käytännönläheisiä hallintakeinoja. Yritys voi siirtää tai jakaa IT -riskejä ulkoistamalla. Ulkoistaminen voi kuitenkin tuoda mukaan myös uusia riskitekijöitä. Ennen ulkoistamispäätöstä yrityksen sisäisten prosessien ja organisaation on oltava järjestyksessä, jotta sopimuksen kannattavuutta voidaan verrata luotettavasti saman palvelun tuottamiseen sisäisesti.

Kuivumiskutistuman yhteys massaseosten ominaisuuksien synergiseen käyttäytymiseen

Diplomityön tavoitteena oli selvittää kuivumiskutistuman yhteyttä massojen synergiseen käyttäytymiseen. Kirjallisuusosassa on pohdittu kuitujen, kuitujen koostumuksen ja massaseosten ominaisuuksien vaikutusta kuivumiskutistumiseen. Lisäksi on pohdittu erilaisten kuivatustapojen vaikutusta kuivumiskutistuman suuruuteen ja SC-paperin mekaanisiin ominaisuuksiin. Kokeellisessa osassa valmistettiin kiertovedellä seosarkkeja. Massoina seoksissa käytettiin hioketta, TMP:tä ja kahta eri valmistajan sellua, jotka molemmat koostuivat kuusesta ja männystä. Seosarkkeja kuivattiin vapaasti, estetysti ja siten, että arkkia vedettiin konesuunnassa 2 % ja siten, että arkin annettiin kutistua konesuunnassa 2 %. Vapaasti kutistuneista arkeista mitattiin kuivumiskutistuma, käyttäen mahdollisimman tarkkaa menetelmää, jotta saatiin selville kunkin massaseoksen ja puhtaan massan kutistumapotentiaali. Kokeellisen osan mittaustulosten perusteella työssä pohdittiin kuivumiskutistumisen yhteyttä massojen synergiseen käyttäytymiseen. Tuloksista käy ilmi, että kuivumiskutistumalla on yhteys massaseosten synergiseen käyttäytymiseen. Kuivumiskutistuma vaikuttaa eniten selluilla, joilla on suurin kutistumispotentiaali. Arkin kuivuessa, kuitujen kutistuessa, rikkoutuu arkissa jo syntyneitä sidoksia heikentäen mm. vetolujuutta. Sidoksien rikkoutuminen ilmenee selvästi valonsironnan kasvamisena, mutta myös palstautumislujuuden huonontumisena, joka kertoo sidosten vähentymisestä. Selluosuuden kasvattaminen vaikuttaa useimpien arkin ominaisuuksia huonontaen ja siis synergiaa huonontaen. Puhtaita massoja vertaillessa puhtailla selluilla on useimpien ominaisuuksien kohdalla huonoimmat suhteellisesti saavutetut lujuudet, joten selluista ei saada kaikkea lujuuspotentiaalia, mikä taas näkyy selvästi selluosuuden kasvaessa suurempana poikkeamina additiivisesti lasketuista lujuuksista. Mekaanisilla massoilla, joilla on pienempi kuivumiskutistuma, ei vaikutus ole niin voimakas kuin selluilla ja puhtaat mekaaniset massat säilyttävätkin ominaisuutensa paremmin kuin sellut.

Contrast : a concept in language and its development in Medieval Spanish

The purpose of this PhD thesis is to investigate a semantic relation present in the connection of sentences (more specifically: propositional units). This relation, which we refer to as contrast, includes the traditional categories of adversatives - predominantly represented by the connector but in English and pero in Modern Spanish - and concessives, prototypically verbalised through although / aunque. The aim is to describe, analyse and - as far as possible - to explain the emergence and evolution of different syntactic schemes marking contrast during the first three centuries of Spanish (also referred to as Castilian) as a literary language, i.e., from the 13th to the 15th century. The starting point of this question is a commonplace in syntax, whereby the semantic and syntactic complexity of clause linkage correlates with the degree of textual elaboration. In historical linguistics, i.e., applied to the phylogeny of a language, it is commonly referred to as the parataxis hypothesis A crucial part of the thesis is dedicated by the definition of contrast as a semantic relation. Although the label contrast has been used in this sense, mainly in functional grammar and text linguistics, mainstream grammaticography and linguistics remain attached to the traditional categories adversatives and concessives. In opposition to this traditional view, we present our own model of contrast, based on a pragma-semantic description proposed for the analysis of adversatives by Oswald Ducrot and subsequently adopted by Ekkehard König for the analysis of concessives. We refine and further develop this model in order for it to accommodate all, not just the prototypical instances of contrast in Spanish, arguing that the relationship between adversatives and concessives is a marked opposition, i.e., that the higher degree of semantic and syntactic integration of concessives restricts some possible readings that the adversatives may have, but that this difference is almost systematically neutralised by contextual factors, thus justifying the assumption of contrast as a comprehensive onomasiological category. This theoretical focus is completed by a state-of-the-question overview attempting to account for all relevant forms in which contrast is expressed in Medieval Spanish, with the aid of lexicographic and grammaticographical sources, and an empirical study investigating the expression of corpus in a corpus study on the textual functions of contrast in nine Medieval Spanish texts: Cantar de Mio Cid, Libro de Alexandre, Milagros de Nuestra Sehora, Estoria de Espana, Primera Partida, Lapidario, Libro de buen amor, Conde Lucanor, and Corbacho. This corpus is analysed using quantitative and qualitative tools, and the study is accompanied by a series of methodological remarks on how to investigate a pragma-semantic category in historical linguistics. The corpus study shows that the parataxis hypothesis fails to prove from a statistical viewpoint, although a qualitative analysis shows that the use of subordination does increase over time in some particular contexts.

Correlação da área do cordão umbilical com parâmetros antropométricos em gestações normais

OBJETIVO: Este objetivou aferir a área de secção transversa do cordão umbilical (ASTCU) em gestações normais, com idade gestacional entre 20 e 40 semanas, para a construção de uma curva de valores normais para tal parâmetro. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Foi realizado estudo transversal para determinar os valores de referência para a ASTCU em gestações normais (pacientes com datas precisas da última menstruação e exame ultra-sonográfico realizado antes da 20ª semana, sem qualquer doença conhecida). As medidas da ASTCU foram obtidas em plano adjacente à inserção do cordão umbilical no abdome. Os aparelhos de ultra-som utilizados foram da marca Synergy Multi Sync M500, Toshiba 140 e Toshiba Corevision, todos com transdutores transabdominais de 3,5 MHz. A análise estatística foi realizada pelo programa SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences). RESULTADOS: Os dados obtidos foram considerados normais pelo teste de Kolmogorov-Smirnov e a curva de normalidade foi calculada por regressão linear. A análise de variância obtida pelo teste F (F = 356,27) mostrou que o modelo de regressão foi significativo ao nível de p < 0,01, mostrando que a curva estudou corretamente a população recrutada e que o intervalo de confiança (95%) continha o valor real da ASTCU. A equação de regressão encontrada para a ASTCU (y), de acordo com a idade gestacional (x), foi: y = -532,27 + 44,358x - 0,655x². CONCLUSÃO: Obtivemos uma curva de valores normais da ASTCU que mostra um crescimento progressivo de seus valores até a 32ª semana, seguida por um período de estabilização até a 34ª semana e uma queda de seus valores a partir da 35ª semana.

Multiplicative interaction of functional inflammasome genetic variants in determining the risk of gout.

INTRODUCTION: The acute gout flare results from a localised self-limiting innate immune response to monosodium urate (MSU) crystals deposited in joints in hyperuricaemic individuals. Activation of the caspase recruitment domain-containing protein 8 (CARD8) NOD-like receptor pyrin-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome by MSU crystals and production of mature interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is central to acute gouty arthritis. However very little is known about genetic control of the innate immune response involved in acute gouty arthritis. Therefore our aim was to test functional single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) variants in the toll-like receptor (TLR)-inflammasome-IL-1β axis for association with gout. METHODS: 1,494 gout cases of European and 863 gout cases of New Zealand (NZ) Polynesian (Māori and Pacific Island) ancestry were included. Gout was diagnosed by the 1977 ARA gout classification criteria. There were 1,030 Polynesian controls and 10,942 European controls including from the publicly-available Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) and Framingham Heart (FHS) studies. The ten SNPs were either genotyped by Sequenom MassArray or by Affymetrix SNP array or imputed in the ARIC and FHS datasets. Allelic association was done by logistic regression adjusting by age and sex with European and Polynesian data combined by meta-analysis. Sample sets were pooled for multiplicative interaction analysis, which was also adjusted by sample set. RESULTS: Eleven SNPs were tested in the TLR2, CD14, IL1B, CARD8, NLRP3, MYD88, P2RX7, DAPK1 and TNXIP genes. Nominally significant (P < 0.05) associations with gout were detected at CARD8 rs2043211 (OR = 1.12, P = 0.007), IL1B rs1143623 (OR = 1.10, P = 0.020) and CD14 rs2569190 (OR = 1.08; P = 0.036). There was significant multiplicative interaction between CARD8 and IL1B (P = 0.005), with the IL1B risk genotype amplifying the risk effect of CARD8. CONCLUSION: There is evidence for association of gout with functional variants in CARD8, IL1B and CD14. The gout-associated allele of IL1B increases expression of IL-1β - the multiplicative interaction with CARD8 would be consistent with a synergy of greater inflammasome activity (resulting from reduced CARD8) combined with higher levels of pre-IL-1β expression leading to increased production of mature IL-1β in gout.

Gazpacho consumption is associated with lower blood pressure and reduced hypertension in a high cardiovascular risk cohort. Cross-sectional study of the PREDIMED trial

Hypertension is a major public health problem and a leading cause of death and disability in both developed and developing countries, affecting onequarter of the world"s adult population. Our aim was to evaluate whether the consumption of gazpacho, a Mediterranean vegetable-based cold soup rich in phytochemicals, is associated with lower blood pressure (BP) and/or reduced prevalence of hypertension in individuals at high cardiovascular risk. Methods and results: We selected 3995 individuals (58% women, mean age 67 y) at high cardiovascular risk (81% hypertensive) recruited into the PREDIMED study. BP, weight, and dietary and physical activity data were collected. In multivariate linear regression analyses, after adjustment, moderate and high gazpacho consumption categories were associated with reduced mean systolic BP of 1.9 mm Hg [95% confidence interval (CI): 3.4; 0.6] and 2.6 mm Hg (CI: 4.2; 1.0), respectively, and reduced diastolic BP of 1.5 mm Hg (CI: 2.3; 0.6) and 1.9 mm Hg (CI: 2.8; 1.1). By multiple-adjusted logistic regression analysis, gazpacho consumption was associated with a lower prevalence of hypertension, with OR Z 0.85 (CI: 0.73; 0.99) for each 250 g/week increase and OR Z 0.73 (CI: 0.55; 0.98) for high gazpacho consumption groups compared to the no-consumption group. Conclusions: Gazpacho consumption was inversely associated with systolic and diastolic BP and prevalence of hypertension in a cross-sectional Mediterranean population at high cardiovascular risk. The association between gazpacho intake and reduction of BP is probably due to synergy among several bioactive compounds present in the vegetable ingredients used to make the recipe.

Gazpacho consumption is associated with lower blood pressure and reduced hypertension in a high cardiovascular risk cohort. Cross-sectional study of the PREDIMED trial

Hypertension is a major public health problem and a leading cause of death and disability in both developed and developing countries, affecting onequarter of the world"s adult population. Our aim was to evaluate whether the consumption of gazpacho, a Mediterranean vegetable-based cold soup rich in phytochemicals, is associated with lower blood pressure (BP) and/or reduced prevalence of hypertension in individuals at high cardiovascular risk. Methods and results: We selected 3995 individuals (58% women, mean age 67 y) at high cardiovascular risk (81% hypertensive) recruited into the PREDIMED study. BP, weight, and dietary and physical activity data were collected. In multivariate linear regression analyses, after adjustment, moderate and high gazpacho consumption categories were associated with reduced mean systolic BP of 1.9 mm Hg [95% confidence interval (CI): 3.4; 0.6] and 2.6 mm Hg (CI: 4.2; 1.0), respectively, and reduced diastolic BP of 1.5 mm Hg (CI: 2.3; 0.6) and 1.9 mm Hg (CI: 2.8; 1.1). By multiple-adjusted logistic regression analysis, gazpacho consumption was associated with a lower prevalence of hypertension, with OR Z 0.85 (CI: 0.73; 0.99) for each 250 g/week increase and OR Z 0.73 (CI: 0.55; 0.98) for high gazpacho consumption groups compared to the no-consumption group. Conclusions: Gazpacho consumption was inversely associated with systolic and diastolic BP and prevalence of hypertension in a cross-sectional Mediterranean population at high cardiovascular risk. The association between gazpacho intake and reduction of BP is probably due to synergy among several bioactive compounds present in the vegetable ingredients used to make the recipe.