Mosaico mediterráneo. El Arte como herramienta de diálogo intercultural

El presente trabajo de investigación doctoral reflexiona sobre el aporte de las prácticas artísticas contemporáneas en los procesos de diálogo entre culturas en el Mediterráneo. En las dinámicas de percepción, acercamiento y (re)conocimiento del otro y de las culturas otras, todos los medios informativos y de comunicación pueden ser, por un lado, válidos y efectivos como, por otro, pueden desviar de la verdad y difundir fácilmente numerosos prejuicios. Frente a la “síntesis” operada por los medios de comunicación tradicionales, donde “el Otro” es a menudo objeto de representaciones estereotipadas, las prácticas artísticas, en su sentido más amplio, contraponen un “análisis” que puede permitir, en diferentes casos, la eliminación de las barreras y un mayor acercamiento a la cultura otra. En la presente investigación se quiere trazar un itinerario teórico que parte de las hipótesis orientalistas, pasa por las filosofías del encuentro con el otro; los estudios sobre la participación; las actuales reflexiones sobre la estética relacional; las definiciones históricas y socio-políticas del Mediterráneo; hasta llegar a reconocer en el arte, en la creación artística, el medio de comunicación más eficaz y penetrante a la hora de refinar el conocimiento y (re)descubrir los diferentes aspectos de las culturas de los países y de los pueblos del Mediterráneo. En el espacio plural del Mediterráneo las prácticas artísticas y creativas actuales actúan como un campo de experimentación y un territorio de debate valioso e importante para el desarrollo del discurso intercultural.

Disseny i implementació d'una base de dades relacional d'un sistema de control energètic

El propòsit d'aquest treball és el disseny i la implementació d'una base de dades relacional d'un sistema de control energètic a nivell europeu. Aquesta base de dades emmagatzema tota la informació referent a: línies de comunicació, centrals de producció, centraletes de distribució, comptadors, clients, connexions i contractes, a més dels consums diaris, consums històrics i produccions d'energia històriques. Conseqüentment, pel manteniment de tota aquesta informació s'han creat els diferents procediments d'alta, baixa i modificacions de registres per a cada entitat.

La selva tecnológica: sistemas socitécnicos y antropología simétrica en comunidades ribereñas del Bajo Amazonas

El objetivo de esta tesis es reinterpretar la idea “tecnología” partiendo del ejemplo etnográfico de varias comunidades ribereñas del Bajo Amazonas. La hipótesis que va a defenderse es que si se trasciende la perspectiva técnica y se analiza la “tecnología” desde un punto de vista antropológico, ésta se revela como algo indisociable de otras dimensiones sociales como 1. el cuerpo, 2. el conocimiento local 3. la modernización, 4. la política agraria y 5. la espiritualidad. Los datos etnográficos se han obtenido durante diez meses de trabajo de campo en diversas comunidades ribereñas formadas, principalmente, por población mestiza. La situación híbrida de estos ribereños, que mantienen las técnicas tradicionales indígenas y a la vez se acomodan al influjo de la modernidad, permite tender un puente analítico entre la tecnología amazónica y la tecnología “occidental”. El objetivo teórico que subyace a la propia etnografía es establecer un eje de simetría entre ambos sistemas sociotécnicos, para lo cual se propone evitar la valoración de la tecnología en tanto que instrumento y einterpretarla como estrategia relacional. Partiendo de esa perspectiva analítica, a lo largo de este trabajo se verá cómo la antropología amazónica y la antropología de la tecnología, aparentemente disociadas, confluyen en un cuadro interpretativo según el cual los ribereños del Bajo Amazonas (y si la simetría es correcta, también la población postindustrial), tienden a disolver la clásica distinción naturaleza/cultura en la continuidad relacional generada por sus sistemas tecnológicos.

Vers une sociolinguistique médicale : une approche des objets de langage dans le contexte de la médecine

L'interaction soignant-soigné, dans ses aspects relationnel et communicationnel, a fait l'objet depuis les années 1970 de nombreuses études, inscrites dans une pluralité d'approches théoriques et méthodologiques. L'approche de la sociolinguistique de type médical, dans laquelle s'insère le présent travail de thèse, s'est développée dans le contexte même de ces études. Ce travail s'articule autour de trois sujets de recherche permettant d'illustrer, d'éclairer ainsi que de définir l'approche spécifique de la sociolinguistique médicale et traduisant, par ailleurs, certaines des questions relatives au développement de cette sociolinguistique, qui relève des sciences de la communication et des sciences humaines en médecine. Les deux premiers sujets de recherche se focalisent sur le processus d'échange d'information, central dans l'interaction médicale. Ils portent, pour l'un, sur un format de question spécifique utilisé par des étudiants en médecine dans le cadre d'entretiens avec patients simulés centrés sur l'annonce de mauvaises nouvelles et, pour l'autre, sur la(es) définition(s) d'une unité lexicale attestée dans le contexte communicationnel du VIH/sida. Le troisième sujet de recherche, en corrélation avec les deux autres, traite des défis qui se posent aux chercheurs-sociolinguistes relativement à l'étude et à la production de savoirs sur des questions liées à la santé et à la maladie. - Since the 1970's, many studies, following various theoretical and methodological approaches, have investigated - from a relational and communication point of view - the interaction between health care professionals and patients. The approach of the medical sociolinguistics, on which this PhD thesis is based, has been developed in the context of these studies. This PhD thesis is centred on three research topics illustrating and revealing the specific approach of the medical sociolinguistics and reflecting, as regards the third research topic, on particular issues related to the development of this discipline belonging to both communication sciences and medical humanities. The first two research topics focus on the information sharing process, a main phase and purpose of the medical interaction. They address (i) a particular question design used by medical students with simulated patients in breaking bad news interviews, and (ii) the meaning of a lexical unit used in the HIV/AIDS communication context. The third topic, related with the two other, focuses on the challenges faced by medical sociolinguists while producing knowledge and investigating health- and disease-related issues.

Diseño e implementación de una base de datos relacional

Con el fin de gestionar el consumo energético en el ámbito de la Comunidad Europea se ha diseñado e implementado una base de datos que dará persistencia a los valores que serán tratados por las futuras aplicaciones de gestión.

Disseny i implementació d'una base de dades relacional per a una empresa de selecció de personal

Una empresa de selecció de personal vol incorporar un sistema per controlar i ajustar les ofertes de feina que rep de les empreses i les demandes de feina i currículums que presenten els treballadors.

Disseny i implementació de la base de dades: Sistema de votació ciutadana a nivell Europeu a través d'Internet

La Unió Europea necessita i per tant ens encarrega, un disseny de base de dades per tald'emmagatzemar la informació de futures eleccions ciutadanes a través d'Internet.

A Thematic Comparison of Eight Frameworks of Quality Criteria in Qualitative Health Research

Background: Despite the increasing incidences of the publication of assessment frameworks intending to establish the "standards" of the quality of qualitative research, the research conducted using such empirical methods are still facing difficulties in being published or recognised by funding agencies. Methods: We conducted a thematic content analysis of eight frameworks from psychology/psychiatry and general medicine. The frameworks and their criteria are then compared against each other. Findings: The results illustrated the difficulties in reaching consensus on the definition of quality criteria. This showed the differences between the frameworks from the point of views of the underlying epistemology and the criteria suggested. Discussion: The aforementioned differences reflect the diversity of paradigms implicitly referred to by the authors of the frameworks, although rarely explicitly mentioned in text. We conclude that the increase in qualitative research and publications has failed to overcome the difficulties in establishing shared criteria and the great heterogeneity of concepts raises methodological and epistemological problems.

Investigation of memory, executive functions, and anatomic correlates in asymptomatic FMR1 premutation carriers.

Fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS) is a late-onset movement disorder associated with FMR1 premutation alleles. Asymptomatic premutation (aPM) carriers have preserved cognitive functions, but they present subtle executive deficits. Current efforts are focusing on the identification of specific cognitive markers that can detect aPM carriers at higher risk of developing FXTAS. This study aims at evaluating verbal memory and executive functions as early markers of disease progression while exploring associated brain structure changes using diffusion tensor imaging. We assessed 30 aPM men and 38 intrafamilial controls. The groups perform similarly in the executive domain except for decreased performance in motor planning in aPM carriers. In the memory domain, aPM carriers present a significant decrease in verbal encoding and retrieval. Retrieval is associated with microstructural changes of the white matter (WM) of the left hippocampal fimbria. Encoding is associated with changes in the WM under the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, a region implicated in relational memory encoding. These associations were found in the aPM group only and did not show age-related decline. This may be interpreted as a neurodevelopmental effect of the premutation, and longitudinal studies are required to better understand these mechanisms.

Décrire et convaincre: rhétoriques visuelles de la cinématographie en médecine [Describe and convince: visual rhetoric of cinematography in medicine]

The tools of visualisation occupy a central place in medicine. Far from being simple accessories of glance, they literally constitute objects of medicine. Such empirical acknowledgement and epistemological position open a vast field of investigation: visual technologies of medical knowledge. This article studies the development and transformation of medical objects which have permitted to assess the role of temporality in the epistemology of medicine. It firstly examines the general problem of the relationships between cinema, animated image and medicine and secondly, the contribution of the German doctor Martin Weiser to medical cinematography as a method. Finally, a typology is sketched out organising the variety of the visual technology of movement under the perspective of the development of specific visual techniques in medicine.

Metabolomics in the fight against malaria

Metabolomics uses high-resolution mass spectrometry to provide a chemical fingerprint of thousands of metabolites present in cells, tissues or body fluids. Such metabolic phenotyping has been successfully used to study various biologic processes and disease states. High-resolution metabolomics can shed new light on the intricacies of host-parasite interactions in each stage of the Plasmodium life cycle and the downstream ramifications on the host’s metabolism, pathogenesis and disease. Such data can become integrated with other large datasets generated using top-down systems biology approaches and be utilised by computational biologists to develop and enhance models of malaria pathogenesis relevant for identifying new drug targets or intervention strategies. Here, we focus on the promise of metabolomics to complement systems biology approaches in the quest for novel interventions in the fight against malaria. We introduce the Malaria Host-Pathogen Interaction Center (MaHPIC), a new systems biology research coalition. A primary goal of the MaHPIC is to generate systems biology datasets relating to human and non-human primate (NHP) malaria parasites and their hosts making these openly available from an online relational database. Metabolomic data from NHP infections and clinical malaria infections from around the world will comprise a unique global resource.

The generation and re-generation of social capital and enterprises in multi-stakeholders social cooperative enterprises: a system dynamic approach

Theories on social capital and on social entrepreneurship have mainly highlighted the attitude of social capital to generate enterprises and to foster good relations between third sector organizations and the public sector. This paper considers the social capital in a specific third sector enterprise; here, multi-stakeholder social cooperatives are seen, at the same time, as social capital results, creators and incubators. In the particular enterprises that identify themselves as community social enterprises, social capital, both as organizational and relational capital, is fundamental: SCEs arise from but also produce and disseminate social capital. This paper aims to improve the building of relational social capital and the refining of helpful relations drawn from other arenas, where they were created and from where they are sometimes transferred to other realities, where their role is carried on further (often working in non-profit, horizontally and vertically arranged groups, where they share resources and relations). To represent this perspective, we use a qualitative system dynamic approach in which social capital is measured using proxies. Cooperation of volunteers, customers, community leaders and third sector local organizations is fundamental to establish trust relations between public local authorities and cooperatives. These relations help the latter to maintain long-term contracts with local authorities as providers of social services and enable them to add innovation to their services, by developing experiences and management models and maintaining an interchange with civil servants regarding these matters. The long-term relations and the organizational relations linking SCEs and public organizations help to create and to renovate social capital. Thus, multi-stakeholder cooperatives originated via social capital developed in third sector organizations produce new social capital within the cooperatives themselves and between different cooperatives (entrepreneurial components of the third sector) and the public sector. In their entrepreneurial life, cooperatives have to contrast the "working drift," as a result of which only workers remain as members of the cooperative, while other stakeholders leave the organization. Those who are not workers in the cooperative are (stake)holders with "weak ties," who are nevertheless fundamental in making a worker's cooperative an authentic social multi-stakeholders cooperative. To maintain multi-stakeholder governance and the relations with third sector and civil society, social cooperatives have to reinforce participation and dialogue with civil society through ongoing efforts to include people that provide social proposals. We try to represent these processes in a system dynamic model applied to local cooperatives, measuring the social capital created by the social cooperative through proxies, such as number of volunteers and strong cooperation with public institutions. Using a reverse-engineering approach, we can individuate the determinants of the creation of social capital and thereby give support to governance that creates social capital.

Relationships and knowledge in the firm internationalization process

Based on the variables relationship and knowledge, this article aimed at analyzing how a multinational enterprise selects an entry mode to operate in a particular international market and how this initial choice evolves over time. We devised a rather new theoretical framework to address it by combining three theoretical approaches that have dealt with the firm internationalization: the Uppsala model, the relational approach, and the subsidiary development literature. We constructed a qualitative backward-looking longitudinal case study of the internationalization process of a North-American multinational enterprise in the Brazilian market. Results show that four types of relationships and three types of knowledge played the role in the events that characterized the internationalization of this firm. Based on these results, five new hypotheses concerning the interplay between relationships and knowledge in the internationalization process of the firm are suggested for future empirical tests.