Gêneros do discurso e escrita: o que as coleções didáticas de português (des)prestigiam no ensino da produção textual?

Through the examination of official indicators, it can be observed that writing is pointed out as one of the main problems concerning formal basic education. However, this teaching-learning object is one of the central objectives at school, having an essential role in different curricular components as well as in the interaction demands required by society. Such paradox indicates, therefore, the relevance of investigations which analyze the intrinsic elements of child development as written text producer. Hence, the main purpose of this research consists of analyzing the treatment given to the types of discourse and the teaching situations in which the written text are produced, concerning Portuguese language didactic material collections approved by Programa Nacional do Livro Didático (PNLD 2010) the Brazilian program of didactic book and worked at elementary school. Such materials correspond to the collections adopted in municipal education system schools from Natal, RN which were below the official education indicator IDEB 2009. Thus, the questions that guide this work are: 1. During writing production lessons, is the diversity of types of discourse effectively worked on didactic collections? 2. Which are the types of discourse and the social spheres prioritized when teaching writing production? 3. How is the situation addressed in the production of the written text should be produced? For this research, we retook the authors Bakhtin, Bunzen, Faraco, Freire, Rodrigues, Rojo, Schneuwly e Dolz and we made a list of all types of discourse and spheres contemplated in the propositions of the writing production in didactical books, concerning the eight collections which compounds the first moment of analysis. Then, we verified how the situation of production is oriented by examining two didactic collections if and how they express the elements referring to the social-historical, functional and linguistic-discursive context of the text to be produced. The data obtained indicate: lack of diversification of types of discourse in the collection that compounds the Aggregate Sample of the research; the conception of a diversity based on the didactic of visiting; the recognition of all canonical and hegemonic types of text as one of the privileged objects of study; the centralization on the standard variety of the language and the devaluation of the representative types of cultural diversity; the shortage of productions which retrace to written language related to different technologies of communication and information; and the little emphasis on the types of discourse related to public language practices. As for the situations of production, it is observed the predominance of the school as a producer of dialogic relationships, whose propositions present, for example, text addressees, enunciative positions, support and contexts of restricted circulation, especially at school. Two divergent situations are observed among the collections: the lack of a work in which the situation of production is under the perspective of the types of discourse as object of teaching-learning; the concept of the types of discourse as object of reflection, presenting a differentiated didactic orientation towards the situation of production. This research contributes, therefore, with a mapping of the existence and the treatment of the types of discourse on propositions of writing production in didactic books; with the critical analysis of the approach of written activities, considering the elements of the historical-social, functional and linguistic-discursive context; thus, through teaching, research and public policies, use and selection of didactic material for the area

A participação das mães no conselho escolar do CMEI Amor de Mãe

This research aims to study the participation of mothers in the School Council of the Centro Municipal de Educação Infantil Amor de Mãe. The goal is to understand the relationship among concepts that mothers have and their practices as advisors. The historical-philosophical approach taken along the research permitted working with real people and not those derived or idealized ones. It searched an approximation of the mode of being and living of the councilor mothers in their homes, and the concepts and practices in the School Council. It was inspired by ethnographic researches to describe data, habits, cultural practices, meanings and values of people involved. As sources of research, we used: interviews with mothers and school staff; documentary and photographic collection of CMEI Amor de Mãe; local and national legislation; notebooks of the National Program for the Strengthening of School Council (2004); data bank of dissertations and theses of the Post-Graduate Program in Education of the UFRN dealing with democratic management and the relationship school and family. The study indicates the existence of a narrative of the school community that shows mothers as "missing" or "passive" and a practice that point out to how people participate actively in the school routine. This contradiction reveals the existence of a historically constructed school mindset that is rooted in a model of family and school that differs from the reality found in CMEI Amor de Mãe and how families served by CMEI Amor de Mãe organize themselves. It is recommended that the school community and families reorganize the conceptions that guide their practices in educating and caring for children with whom they live and work to make progress together in managing this process

Estratégias de intervenção utilizadas por enfermeiros da ESF do município de Natal/RN no controle do câncer do colo de útero

Cancer of the cervix (cervical cancer) is the second most prevalent cancer among Brazilian women. The high rates of cervical cancer in Brazil justify the implementation of effective strategies to control this, which include actions to promote health, primary prevention, early detection, screening, treatment and palliative care. Despite the existence of the National Programme for Control of the CCU there was no reduction in the incidence and mortality of this disease in Brazil. The Family Health Strategy (FHS) has the potential to facilitate such control and, in this context, one should consider that nurses play a central role. The study aimed to know the general intervention strategies used by nurses FHS of Natal / RN in CCU control, and how specific: analyzing the knowledge of these nurses on the CCU, the actions developed in the ESF for the control of CCU and identify the difficulties faced by them to perform it. This is a descriptive exploratory quantitative developed through a structured interview guide with 106 nurses who have experience in controlling the CCU in FHS teams of Natal / RN. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistic s. The results pointed to actions taken in the FHS to control the CCU, collection of cervical cancer screening, health education activities, nursing consultation, referral of suspected cases for medical monitoring and active women with abnormal test result . The actions that were not mentioned by the nurses included: forming groups of prevention and health promotion; expand coverage of exams and office hours of consultations, establishment of alternatives to end the pent-up demand in the health units, participation in treatment or rehabilitation process users with the CCU; interventions for pain management, alliances and partnerships with schools, in dustry and the use of protocols. This study can be seen that the practice nurses partially shares to the CCU in Natal / RN. The participants of this study, when asked about the CCU, specifically for signs and symptoms of disease and risk factors in general showed important gaps. Difficulties such as lack of materials for collection of Pap smear; inadequate physical space in the Health Units; pent-up demand in the service, delay in arrival of the test results; obstacles in the actions of referral and counter-referral and cultural factors make the CCU control is compromised. It is believed in this research contributed to a reflection on the importance of the role of nurses in the development of the ESF control actions CCU, pointing out the factors that affect these. It is important to involve all nurses who comprise the ESF as knowledgeable of the risk factors, signs and symptoms, and existing tools for the early detection of cervical cancer in the pursuit of quality improvement actions to promote women`s health, contributing in planning future interventions that may reduce mortality from this disease in Natal / RN.

Fonte de energia alternativa: um estudo sobre a percepção ambiental, social e econômica do biodiesel com docentes do Centro de Tecnologia do gás da cidade de Natal RN

Meaning fuel and renewal energy source s derivative additives, the term biodiesel exists in Brazil since 1980, when it was signed its first patent by Expedito Parente. Since then, its importance has grown gradually due to the worsening of the ambient problems, since its use has became a highly promising alternative to the pollution decrease, as in the carbon dioxide issue as with the smoke and sulfur oxide. In Brazil, it was created the National Program of Production, whose objective is to insert the new product in the country s energy matrix, strengthening the economy and creating new employment opportunities, being an important product to the national energetic independence, since Brazil still imports diesel to its domestic consumption. This study aims to identify the ambient, social and economic perception of the teachers from the Technology Center of Natal city (CTGÁS-RN) to the biodiesel. For that, it was used a questionnaire closed questions, organized in the likart scale, directed to the tree spheres of the research analysis, the biodiesel and its social, ambient and economic nuances, totaling 31 questionnaires full answered. In its objectives, the research was descriptive and in its approach it was qualitative. To the data analysis it was used statistical tools (Statistic software, 6.1 version and Microsoft Excel 2003). The research revealed the predominance of the ambient aspect in the sight of the teachers, followed by the social ones. The economic factors represent a minor percentage in the analysis when compared to other

O livro didático de história hoje: um panorama a partir do PNLD

O artigo objetiva delinear uma breve radiografia do livro didático contemporâneo em função de algumas temáticas centrais que têm ocupado o cenário de investigações relativas ao saber histórico escolar, porém sob o escopo daquilo que se apresentou no interior dos processos de inscrição, triagem e avaliação das obras inscritas para o Programa Nacional do Livro Didático para o ano de 2005. Consideraram-se, para efeito de categorização global, os resultados dessa última avaliação de livros de História, divulgada no início de 2004, na qual as autoras desempenharam papéis vinculados diretamente à execução do processo avaliativo.

Obras complementares: um elo entre a leitura e os conteúdos matemáticos

The Federal Government through its Plans and Programs invests in various policies intended to achieve the main goal of the millennium, provide basic education for all. Among them, we highlight in this paper The National Textbook Program, with emphasis on Complementary Works. These works are presented through different genres, such as poems, poetry, short stories, parables, novels, literature, educational materials etc.. providing a range of possible teaching work. However, little is known about the levels of education of teachers as intended. Based on the discussions and studies in this direction, sparked concerns us in the process of teaching and learning in math classes. This made us pay attention to a possibility of study where reading could be included in this process. In this sense, the present study aims at investigating the potential of conceptual and didactic use of Complementary Works on developing the skills of reading and writing mathematics of the first three years of elementary school, and from there, propose a courseware with guidelines for use of these works by teachers of 1st to 3rd year of elementary school. For this, we outline the issues of reading and understanding of mathematical interests as those of our study. In this sense, the proposal was built from the bibliographic works that address the contributions of reading for learning mathematical content, like Machado (2001), Nacarato (2009); Dantas (2011), Smole and Diniz ( 2001). As a result, we created the Guidance for the use of Complementary Works for Teachers to Teach Mathematics with a view to support the practice of teachers and future teachers who teach mathematics. Supported the use of Complementary Works, especially those distributed in public schools by the National Textbook - PNLD and have mathematical content, this guide is intended to present some of the possible use of this feature in math classes. (Education Observatory - Capes / INEP. Ed. 038-2010. TELL Research Group - UFRN - PPGED / PPGEL / PPGECNM - PROPESQ)

Do dizer teórico às transposições didáticas: por um exercício da contrapalavra no ensino de língua escrita no PROJOVEM

This present work is going to show some results developed in the Master Degree research and the Post Graduation project in Language studies (PPgEL) at UFRN, under the orientation of Professor Maria da Penha Casado Alves. This research has questions showed by the Programa Nacional de Inclusão de Jovens PROJOVEM. Concerned to methodology, the research is based on Applied Linguistics and it is qualitative and documental. The corpus of the research are the Manual de Orientações Gerais and the Guias de Estudo. The documents that were used for the research were Guide for general orientation and the Study Guides.The Manual de Orientações Gerais was chosen because is focused on the teacher and the Guias de Estudo was chosen because are focused on the students. The discussions and analysis were based on Bakhtin (1997; 2003), for his studies about the language in a dialogical point of view, Faraco (2001 and 2008) and Suassuna (2006) for their discussions about the Portuguese Language and Geraldi (1997; 2005 and 2006) and Antunes (2003) for their orientation and discussions about the teaching process of the written language. The analysis made in the Reference Topics point that however the program proposes a kind of rupture with the traditional way of teaching, it could not take this change to the Study Guides (Guias de Estudo). The result is a didactic material that reproduces activities based on a conception of a descriptive and prescriptive teaching. What is concerned about the proposals for the textual production, it is shown that it is given in an artificial way, without any expression and with no link to any communicative context and sometimes, with no relation to the topic it was supposed to be related to

A mídia dos outros somos nós: a experiência audiovisual do Ponto de Cultura Cinema para Todos

This research aims to identify the process of appropriation of audio visual (in digital video) for collective symbolic production (participatory video practice that expresses popular culture) in a socio-cultural context where the minorities are. Therefore, we based this study on the students‟ experience of the film and video workshops held by Cinema para Todos (Culture Point Cine for All), in Natal, RN. Culture Point is the basis of the project Programa Nacional de Cultura, Educação e Cidadania Cultura Viva (National Program of Culture, Education and Citizenship - Living Culture) of the Brazilian Ministry of Culture. In 2010, the Cine for All developed three film and video workshops in the state of Rio Grande do Norte (Northeastern of Brazil), in the municipalities of Açu, Lajes and São Gonçalo do Amarante, within a public policy project of socio-cultural inclusion. These three workshops are the focus of this empirical investigation. To support the analysis of this research we consider that the spaces of workshops are sites of the social practices origin, assuming they show the development of the changes of actions that generate new practices. In this socio-cultural context the students as interlocutors process the communicative culture mediation, where come from the logics of action (using digital video) to become a mediatic practice (video auto ethnographic). With the overall goal set and the field of investigative action delimited we considered the methodology of case study suitable for the observation of the object, because it is a phenomenon of modernity, occurring in a context of real life and with little or no control over events. Participant observation and interviews was also applied to this case study. The analytical theoretical support comes from the notion of mediation by Jesús Martín-Barbero and the concept of habitus by Pierre Bourdieu. The research found that a new way of communicating has been developing by this social group, and this reflects the technological change experienced by them. The auto ethnographic videos, short movies, reveal an allegorical trial of the mainstream media, because while they use the mainstream format, they rework the aesthetic, but without revising the history, in fact they proposing to retell the history of themselves full of colorful details and with richness of their forgotten popular culture.

Caracterização e modelagem dos sistemas de produção de caprinos leiteiros

The objectives of this research were characterizing the dairy goat production systems and model it using linear program. On the first step of this research, the model was developed using data from farms that was affiliated in the ACCOMIG/Caprileite, used a similar dairy goat production systems and have a partnership program with Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais . The data of research were from a structured questionnaire applied with farmers and monitoring of production systems during a guided visit on their farms. The results permitted identify that all farms were classified as a small and have a intensive production system. The average herd size had 63.75 dairy goats on lactation; it permits a production of 153, 38 kg of goat milk per day. It was observed that existing more than one channel of commercialization for the goat milk and their derivative products. The data obtained, on the first step of this research, was used to develop a linear program model. It was evaluated in two goat production systems, called P1 and P2. The results showed that the P1 system, with an annual birth and lactation during approximately 300 days was the best alternative for business. These results were compared with a mixed (beef and dairy) goat system in the semiarid region, which indicated merged with both systems. Therefore, to achieve profits and sustainability of the system, in all simulations it was necessary a minimum limit of funding of U.S. $ 10,000.00; this value permit earning of U.S. $ 792.00 per month and pay the investment within 5 years

A relação juventude-trabalho no projovem integrado do município de Natal/RN

The National Program for Youth Inclusion (ProJovem) has been created in 2005 in order to break the reproductive cycle of social inequality, through the improvement of the basic education and the professional qualification. Therefore, our objective is to discuss how the categories youth-work are inserted and implemented on ProJovem Integrado , which could be translated as Integrated , in Natal/RN. In 2008, ProJovem is has started to be executed based in four modalities: (1) Teenagers Socio-Educational Service, (2) Urban, (3) Worker and (4) Countryside Land Knowledge, aiming to serve a population from 15 to 29 years old who were seldom helped by specifics policies so far. In order to implement this research, three semi-structured interviews have been made, as well as observations at the program units and analysis of the official documents. In Natal, the operating modalities are: ProJovem Urban, which three units, divided in two districts of the city; the ProJovem Teenagers , which has ten units on Natal s four administrative regions; and ProJovem Worker , which were still structuring its courses until the beginning of the data collection. The data has been qualitatively analyzed through the Marxian Theory, tied to the Constant Comparative Method. The referred approach, based on the Grounded Theory, enables the understanding of the phenomenon s meanings through the perspective of the participants. The neighborhoods in which ProJovem s units are inserted has been characterized as well the Program s target. The results have been presented in three blocks: a) the modality s structure, which includes the implementation, functioning and operationalization of the activities; b) management of the modality s management, concerned to the main difficulties, expectations and functions; and c) the relation youth-work at the modalities. About the objectives and qualification and insertion goals, there is incongruence at the offer of occupational arches. We have observed that offered occupations are historically subservient and precarious. Hence they do not promote significant changes on the students career paths by usually inserting them into informal jobs or underemployments. Besides that, the professional qualification is very incipient. For that reason, it does not go with the necessary requirements to enable the youngster to enter the work world. It is considered that other researches are necessary to for better understanding of the remaining aspects of the relation youth-work

Políticas públicas para a juventude: uma análise do Projovem Adolescente sob a perspectiva dos participantes

A partir dos diagnósticos das vulnerabilidades da condição juvenil contemporânea, as Políticas Públicas de Juventude tem ganhado maior força e um lugar mais definido nas pautas das demandas e conquistas sociais. Faz-se necessário, então, direcionar atenção para estas Políticas Públicas, a fim de promover uma reflexão sobre como ocorre a execução destas junto ao seu público alvo. Esta dissertação centraliza sua análise no Projovem Adolescente (PJA), uma das modalidades Programa Nacional de Inclusão de Jovens PROJOVEM que se destina ao atendimento de jovens com específica faixa etária entre 15 a 17 anos, com caráter assistencial e socioeducativo. Desta forma, o objetivo geral deste estudo foi discutir as ações do Projovem Adolescente no que diz respeito ao processo socioeducativo, a partir da perspectiva dos adolescentes participantes da cidade de Natal/RN. E, especificamente, objetivou-se: investigar de que maneira os adolescentes avaliam as atividades das quais participam, considerando se suas expectativas coincidem com as propostas do serviço; averiguar a participação dos adolescentes na elaboração, execução e avaliação das ações socioeducativas do serviço; bem como compreender as motivações que contribuem para a inserção e permanência ou evasão dos adolescentes no PJA. Para tanto foram realizados três grupos focais com adolescentes participantes do Projovem Adolescente, em diferentes núcleos do serviço, no município de Natal/RN. Cada grupo focal contou com dois encontros, em que primeiramente foram debatidos aspectos da participação nas ações socioeducativas e, num segundo encontro foram realizadas oficinas de produção de fanzines. A análise qualitativa dos dados foi realizada a partir da perspectiva teórica do materialismo histórico-dialético, utilizando-se como método de análise o Método Comparativo Constante, baseado na Teoria Fundamentada, que busca compreender o significado do fenômeno sob a perspectiva dos participantes. Os resultados foram apresentados divididos em eixos de análise os quais versaram sobre: as concepções dos jovens sobre adolescência e juventude; e a participação nas ações socioeducativas do PJA, destacando-se as características positivas e negativas apontadas pelos participantes, a relação dos jovens com o trabalho e as possibilidades e contribuições do PJA em seus contextos de vida. Em vista da análise empreendida, é possível constatar que a concepção dos participantes sobre a própria vivência da adolescência e juventude se encontra marcada pela absorção de determinadas imagens socialmente atribuídas aos jovens, como a que considera a juventude enquanto etapa de preparação para o mundo adulto. A participação nas ações socioeducativas, por sua vez, foi, de uma maneira geral, avaliada positivamente pelos participantes, não obstante esta avaliação, os jovens apresentaram uma visão muito crítica sobre a execução do serviço no município de Natal, relatando conhecer bem as dificuldades de ordem da gestão, bem como as contradições e limitações nas ações do serviço. Compreende-se a perspectiva da inclusão social no contexto neoliberal em que são implementadas as políticas sociais, contudo acredita-se que dar voz aos jovens participantes contribuiu para proporcionar uma reflexão sobre o modo como as políticas sociais, através do Projovem Adolescente tem atingido seu público, considerando as questões e perspectivas apresentadas pelos jovens como ferramentas a serviço das juventudes na construção de políticas democráticas e efetivas

Pistas orgânicas: uma atividade lúdica para o ensino das funções orgânicas

Educational games can work as a complementary tool in teaching and learning chemistry, playing an important role in the development of the students cognitive structures, familiarizing them with certain conceptual content, which may arouse interest in the study of such content. In this work, we made an analysis of organic chemistry textbooks recommended by Programa Nacional do Livro Didático 2012, for high school students in order to verify the existence of methodological proposals using educational games. From this analysis, we proposed an educational game to be developed for students on 3º year of high medium and undergraduate chemistry, that are in 1º semester of the course, which is constituted of a tray and 48 letters, which work various concepts concerning organic functions, such as: structural characteristics, physical properties, chemical and properties diverse of the compounds used for the confection of the letters. The game was applied to a class degree in chemistry, period 2012.1 to a Federal Education of Rio Grande do Norte and a group of students of the 3rd year of the state schools of Rio Grande do Norte, in the period the months of April and May 2012. The analysis of the performance of the game proposed was made using visual observations, photographic records and testimonials of students who participated in the games. The instrument used for the data collection was the student questionnaire, which was similar for both groups, differing only in the amount of questions, because one of them had one more question. During application of the game it was observed that it constitutes a dynamic strategy in the teaching and learning of chemistry concepts, given that students actively participated in the classes as well, demonstrated more motivation in the construction of concepts, furthermore, it was possible to observe evidence of other possibilities of the game. This could be verified through visual observations and testimonials at the end of each game, by reading the answers to the questionnaires

A gestão participativa do desenvolvimento rural sustentável: o PRONAF na Subzona de Touros/ RN

To investigate the possibilities and limits of mechanisms of participativa management in the scope of the Pronaf - National Program of Fortalecimento of Familiar Agriculture, and the corresponding effectiveness of its actions in the construction of alternatives of sustainable agricultural development in the Coast North of the State of the Great River of the North, more specifically, in the composed Subzona de Touros for the cities of Bulls, White Well, Pureness, Is Miguel of the Gostoso and Taipu. To carry through this analysis they had been carried through Research of Field with the objective to reconstitute the trajectory of the CMDRS, to trace the profile of the citizens that compose each one of the five advice, its expectations, interests and the level of participation of the local population

A produção de biodiesel no assentamento Canudos RN: perspectivas e limites da inclusão social

The need to become energy self-sufficient a country with which Brazil has sought renewable energy sources due to the possibility of depletion of oil in coming decades. This paper will examine the perspective of social inclusion the latest energy plan developed by the Federal Government: the National Program of Biodiesel Production and Use - PNPB. It aims to find out whether that work with family farmers who participated in the PNPB socially included and what limits its inclusion. Secondly, the objective is to analyze the Brazilian biodiesel production and its uses. The methodology used for the preparation of this study was to examine the literature, visits to the study area, conducting interviews with the leadership of the settlement, questionnaires and semi-structured interviews with families producing sunflower. Finally, the research dealt with the statistical data. After analyzing the data was verified that the instrument PNPB is able to promote the social inclusion of family farmers, but this occurred in the initial stages because the families involved need a minimum framework of organization and infrastructure to develop activities related to biodiesel

Diagnóstico sorológico da brucelose bovina em animais adultos vacinados com dose reduzida da cepa 19 de Brucella abortus

Com o presente trabalho avaliou-se o uso de dose reduzida da vacina produzida com a amostra 19 de Brucella abortus, em rebanho adulto negativo para a enfermidade, por meio de técnicas de diagnóstico sorológico preconizadas pelo Programa Nacional de Controle e Erradicação da Brucelose e Tuberculose Animal e por um ensaio indireto de imunoadsorção enzimática (ELISA ID). A prova de fixação de complemento detectou 46,77% de positivos, o antígeno acidificado tamponado 67,74%, o 2-mercaptoetanol com soroaglutinação lenta 87,09% e o ELISA ID 100%. A dose reduzida interferiu no diagnóstico sorológico. Nenhuma das técnicas apresentou especificidade adequada para uso em rebanho nestas condições, até 3 meses após a vacinação.