Cartografias contemporâneas: mapa e mapeamento como metáforas para a pesquisa sobre a formação de professores de Matemática

This essay sketches some principles according to which a research project called “Mapping of math teacher education and practice in Brazil” is been conducted by a group of researchers with the objective of understanding the way policies related to teacher education and practice are effectively implemented in different regions of the country. The main objective of this article is, therefore, to discuss the pressupositions of this project, its foundation, the basic beliefs in which it is rooted. In order to emphasize such principles, some remarks on theorization, methodology, teacher education, narratives and on the concept of mobilization/apropriation are done. The essay is based on a metaphor built on cartographical practices.

A tradução de expressões idiomáticas de baixa dedutibilidade metafórica: contribuições aos estudos fraseológicos bilíngues

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Sob o domínio da metáfora: transposição de imagens poéticas (em) entre Edgar Allan Poe e René Magritte

Pós-graduação em Letras - IBILCE

A representação do mar nos romances de Moacir C. Lopes

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Locus Amoenus vs. Locus Terribilis: The Spatial Dynamics of the Pastoral and the Urban in La Ceppède’s Théorèmes

The opening sonnets of Jean de La Ceppède’s Théorèmes (1613, 1622) present an urban vs. rural conflict that mirrors the dialectic between sin and salvation running throughout the work. La Ceppède’s focus for this struggle becomes the stark contrast between Jerusalem and the garden at the Mount of Olives. Jerusalem, as the place where Christ is persecuted and eventually tried, represents a Babylon-like enclave of transgression, while the garden is portrayed as a site of purity and tranquil reflection. From a literary standpoint, La Ceppède’s emphasis on the clash between dystopian and utopian settings comprises part of his adaptation of the pastoral, where this particular struggle becomes one of the genre’s principal motifs. In general, the contrast between Jerusalem and the Mount of Olives emerges as the point of departure for the poet’s figuration of nature, both human and physical. A human construct, the city of Jerusalem becomes a metaphor for human corruption. In view of humanity’s fall in paradise and the denaturation it symbolizes, the poet’s goal, on both intellectual and affective levels, is to place the reader/dévot in a position to lift her/himself from the depravity of human nature to the grace of divine nature.

Scientific metaphors in the journalistic discourse

Scientific education and divulgation not only amplify people's vocabulary and repertory of scientific concepts but, at the same time, promote the diffusion of certain conceptual and cognitive metaphors. Here we describe this process and propose a classification in terms of visible, invisible, basic and derived metaphors. We focus our attention on physical metaphors applied to psychological and socio-economical phenomena, by studying two exemplar cases through an exhaustive exam of the online content of large Brazilian journalistic portals. Finally, we present implications and suggestions from Lakiff and Johnson's cognitive metaphor theory for the scientific education and divulgation process.

THE PRESENT OF THE READING: BEAUTY AND CONTRADICTION

This article examines the metaphor of reading and new reading in Guimaraes Rosa's last book, Tutameia (1967), with a reading of the story "Desenredo". In the first part we discuss some theoretical issues concerning the place of the reader according to Wolfgang Iser and then show the singular place of the reader - metaphor of the activity of reading and fiction of an enunciative situation.

Metáteses árabes da metáfora: desvelar/velar

Um dos mais intrigantes fatos semânticos da língua árabe é a metátese, transposição de fonemas dentro de uma palavra, frequentemente com relação de sentido entre as formas metatéticas. Em m-th-l, a raiz triconsonantal para a palavra “metáfora”, as metáteses são imensamente sugestivas: Th-L-M and L- Th-M; a ambígua função da metáfora: mostrar e ocultar. A partir desse fato, o artigo discute esses aspectos da metáfora

Expresividad: de la metáfora al grado cero

[ES]Desde la metáfora, en que se encuentra el más alto grado de la expresividad y creatividad lingüísticas, a la vaciedad de todo contenido que es el grado cero de la expresión, hay todo un recorrido cuyas fases y motivos tratamos de describir en el presente ensayo.

Meta-models, environment and layers: agent-oriented engineering of complex systems

Traditional software engineering approaches and metaphors fall short when applied to areas of growing relevance such as electronic commerce, enterprise resource planning, and mobile computing: such areas, in fact, generally call for open architectures that may evolve dynamically over time so as to accommodate new components and meet new requirements. This is probably one of the main reasons that the agent metaphor and the agent-oriented paradigm are gaining momentum in these areas. This thesis deals with the engineering of complex software systems in terms of the agent paradigm. This paradigm is based on the notions of agent and systems of interacting agents as fundamental abstractions for designing, developing and managing at runtime typically distributed software systems. However, today the engineer often works with technologies that do not support the abstractions used in the design of the systems. For this reason the research on methodologies becomes the basic point in the scientific activity. Currently most agent-oriented methodologies are supported by small teams of academic researchers, and as a result, most of them are in an early stage and still in the first context of mostly \academic" approaches for agent-oriented systems development. Moreover, such methodologies are not well documented and very often defined and presented only by focusing on specific aspects of the methodology. The role played by meta- models becomes fundamental for comparing and evaluating the methodologies. In fact a meta-model specifies the concepts, rules and relationships used to define methodologies. Although it is possible to describe a methodology without an explicit meta-model, formalising the underpinning ideas of the methodology in question is valuable when checking its consistency or planning extensions or modifications. A good meta-model must address all the different aspects of a methodology, i.e. the process to be followed, the work products to be generated and those responsible for making all this happen. In turn, specifying the work products that must be developed implies dening the basic modelling building blocks from which they are built. As a building block, the agent abstraction alone is not enough to fully model all the aspects related to multi-agent systems in a natural way. In particular, different perspectives exist on the role that environment plays within agent systems: however, it is clear at least that all non-agent elements of a multi-agent system are typically considered to be part of the multi-agent system environment. The key role of environment as a first-class abstraction in the engineering of multi-agent system is today generally acknowledged in the multi-agent system community, so environment should be explicitly accounted for in the engineering of multi-agent system, working as a new design dimension for agent-oriented methodologies. At least two main ingredients shape the environment: environment abstractions - entities of the environment encapsulating some functions -, and topology abstractions - entities of environment that represent the (either logical or physical) spatial structure. In addition, the engineering of non-trivial multi-agent systems requires principles and mechanisms for supporting the management of the system representation complexity. These principles lead to the adoption of a multi-layered description, which could be used by designers to provide different levels of abstraction over multi-agent systems. The research in these fields has lead to the formulation of a new version of the SODA methodology where environment abstractions and layering principles are exploited for en- gineering multi-agent systems.

A core calculus for the analysis and implementation of biologically inspired languages

The application of Concurrency Theory to Systems Biology is in its earliest stage of progress. The metaphor of cells as computing systems by Regev and Shapiro opened the employment of concurrent languages for the modelling of biological systems. Their peculiar characteristics led to the design of many bio-inspired formalisms which achieve higher faithfulness and specificity. In this thesis we present pi@, an extremely simple and conservative extension of the pi-calculus representing a keystone in this respect, thanks to its expressiveness capabilities. The pi@ calculus is obtained by the addition of polyadic synchronisation and priority to the pi-calculus, in order to achieve compartment semantics and atomicity of complex operations respectively. In its direct application to biological modelling, the stochastic variant of the calculus, Spi@, is shown able to model consistently several phenomena such as formation of molecular complexes, hierarchical subdivision of the system into compartments, inter-compartment reactions, dynamic reorganisation of compartment structure consistent with volume variation. The pivotal role of pi@ is evidenced by its capability of encoding in a compositional way several bio-inspired formalisms, so that it represents the optimal core of a framework for the analysis and implementation of bio-inspired languages. In this respect, the encodings of BioAmbients, Brane Calculi and a variant of P Systems in pi@ are formalised. The conciseness of their translation in pi@ allows their indirect comparison by means of their encodings. Furthermore it provides a ready-to-run implementation of minimal effort whose correctness is granted by the correctness of the respective encoding functions. Further important results of general validity are stated on the expressive power of priority. Several impossibility results are described, which clearly state the superior expressiveness of prioritised languages and the problems arising in the attempt of providing their parallel implementation. To this aim, a new setting in distributed computing (the last man standing problem) is singled out and exploited to prove the impossibility of providing a purely parallel implementation of priority by means of point-to-point or broadcast communication.

I sensi spirituali nel Liber di Angela da Foligno. La metafora del "gusto" nel Liber di Angela da Foligno e nella mistica femminile francescana tra XIII e XIV secolo.

Angela da Foligno’s Liber is a fundamental text for the scholar of Women Mystics between the XIIIth and the XIVth century in Italy and all over Europe, and it has been chosen in my research because of its originality, with refer of its feminine and franciscan essence. Angela teaches to the italian hagiographic tradition the internal point of view of the holy woman, who becomes the teller of her both ordinary and extraordinary experiences. After giving references about the religious and social historical universe in evolution during the XIIth century, my research proceeds with a linguistic and rhetorical analysis based upon the Liber. I have been searching in Angela’s text and in contemporary italian feminine hagiography the sensory metaphor of “tasting”. That kind of metaphor has an ancient memory and, thanks to the Origene’s studies - the Christian Father of the IIIrd century - we can easily recognize it already in the Bible; Origene identifies the sensory metaphor as a rhetoric system, able to exemplify the God learning process of soul. Theory of “spiritual senses”, theory of vision and rhetoric, evolving from the IIIrd to the XIIIth century, are the theological and linguistic heritage of our feminine and franciscan literature. Inside of that, the metaphor of “tasting” moves and changes, therefore becoming the favourite way of mystics to represent the contact of their souls with God.

Self-organising coordination systems

Many research fields are pushing the engineering of large-scale, mobile, and open systems towards the adoption of techniques inspired by self-organisation: pervasive computing, but also distributed artificial intelligence, multi-agent systems, social networks, peer-topeer and grid architectures exploit adaptive techniques to make global system properties emerge in spite of the unpredictability of interactions and behaviour. Such a trend is visible also in coordination models and languages, whenever a coordination infrastructure needs to cope with managing interactions in highly dynamic and unpredictable environments. As a consequence, self-organisation can be regarded as a feasible metaphor to define a radically new conceptual coordination framework. The resulting framework defines a novel coordination paradigm, called self-organising coordination, based on the idea of spreading coordination media over the network, and charge them with services to manage interactions based on local criteria, resulting in the emergence of desired and fruitful global coordination properties of the system. Features like topology, locality, time-reactiveness, and stochastic behaviour play a key role in both the definition of such a conceptual framework and the consequent development of self-organising coordination services. According to this framework, the thesis presents several self-organising coordination techniques developed during the PhD course, mainly concerning data distribution in tuplespace-based coordination systems. Some of these techniques have been also implemented in ReSpecT, a coordination language for tuple spaces, based on logic tuples and reactions to events occurring in a tuple space. In addition, the key role played by simulation and formal verification has been investigated, leading to analysing how automatic verification techniques like probabilistic model checking can be exploited in order to formally prove the emergence of desired behaviours when dealing with coordination approaches based on self-organisation. To this end, a concrete case study is presented and discussed.

Da una sponda all'altra del Mediterraneo: percorsi migratori femminili

Until the end of the 1970s international migrants were perceived and analysed mainly within the frame of their lives in the host country, or as managing their lives and choices caught in a dilemma “between two cultures”. More recently, this approach has been challenged by an image of diasporic communities composed of individuals who “have collective homes away from home”. Migrants have become icons of hybridity and the metaphor of “border crossing”, the symbol of liberatory articulations between place, culture and identity. Migrants, it is also argued, have become transnational as they manage to live simultaneously in two countries. The research has the aim to study the migration process of the women who come from North Africa to Bologna. In particular, it investigates migrant women‘s relations with their adopted country and how their cultural practices are shaped by the transnational dimension of their lives. It was studied the journey of the migrant women’s lives across two countries and how their identities are going to change because of the experience of the migration. Migrant women are engaged in various kinds of practices and experiences through which they connect their country of origin and of residence. So this research focuses on the changes in the migrant women’s lives and the construction of their new identity. In particular, the research illustrates the development of a new notion of modernity, underlining how the migrant women construct a model of modernity that expresses a constant negotiation among diverse cultural models. The notion of modernity is not produced in opposition to tradition and religion, but is articulated with them in complex and diverse ways. The multiple ways in which migrant women understand modernity reflect their divergent identity’s renegotiation processes within the new society where they live.

Formale Struktur, Narrativitaet und Wahrnehmung des Zuschauers

Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht, wie sich Greenaways Filme selbstreflexiv zur Problematik des filmischen Mediums stellen, d.h. wie der Illusions- und Artefaktcharakter des Films im Film selbst thematisiert wird. Die Untersuchung der Selbstreflexion wird konkret unter drei Untersuchungsaspekten erfolgt, nämlich die systematisch und künstlich organisierte formale Struktur, die Narrativität und die Wahrnehmungsweise des Zuschauers. Greenaways Filme veranschaulichen auf der formalen Ebene:· daß die Filmbilder diskontinuierlich und uneinheitlich sind, · wie einzelnen visuellen, akustischen und technischen Zeichen systematisch und künstlich organisiert sind und schließlich· wie die diskontinuierlichen und uneinheitlichen Filmbilder durch die systematische und künstliche Organisation der Zeichen kontinuierlich und einheitlich wirken. Seine Filme thematisieren auch auf der allegorischen, symbolischen und metaphorischen Ebene das Verhältnis zwischen der formalen Struktur, der Geschichte und der interaktiven Wahrnehmungsweise des Zuschauers, und die Beziehung zwischen dem Zuschauer, dem Film, dem Filmemacher. Die männliche Hauptfigur metaphorisiert den Zuschauer. Die Frauenfiguren allegorisieren die zwei Seiten des Films, die Form und den Inhalt des Films. Die sexuelle Beziehung zwischen der männlichen Hauptfigur und den Frauen umfaßt auf der metaphorischen Ebene die Interaktivität des Zuschauers mit dem Film.