Avaliação de floculante natural à base de Moringa oleifera no tratamento de água produzida na indústria do petróleo: aplicação da técnica combinada floculação/flotação

The principal effluent in the oil industry is the produced water, which is commonly associated to the produced oil. It presents a pronounced volume of production and it can be reflected on the environment and society, if its discharge is unappropriated. Therefore, it is indispensable a valuable careful to establish and maintain its management. The traditional treatment of produced water, usualy includes both tecniques, flocculation and flotation. At flocculation processes, there are traditional floculant agents that aren’t well specified by tecnichal information tables and still expensive. As for the flotation process, it’s the step in which is possible to separate the suspended particles in the effluent. The dissolved air flotation (DAF) is a technique that has been consolidating economically and environmentally, presenting great reliability when compared with other processes. The DAF is presented as a process widely used in various fields of water and wastewater treatment around the globe. In this regard, this study was aimed to evaluate the potential of an alternative natural flocculant agent based on Moringa oleifera to reduce the amount of oil and grease (TOG) in produced water from the oil industry by the method of flocculation/DAF. the natural flocculant agent was evaluated by its efficacy, as well as its efficiency when compared with two commercial flocculant agents normally used by the petroleum industry. The experiments were conducted following an experimental design and the overall efficiencies for all flocculants were treated through statistical calculation based on the use of STATISTICA software version 10.0. Therefore, contour surfaces were obtained from the experimental design and were interpreted in terms of the response variable removal efficiency TOG (total oil and greases). The plan still allowed to obtain mathematical models for calculating the response variable in the studied conditions. Commercial flocculants showed similar behavior, with an average overall efficiency of 90% for oil removal, however it is the economical analysis the decisive factor to choose one of these flocculant agents to the process. The natural alternative flocculant agent based on Moringa oleifera showed lower separation efficiency than those of commercials one (average 70%), on the other hand this flocculant causes less environmental impacts and it´s less expensive

Concepções de formação profissional técnica de nível médio adotadas pelo IFRN: especificidades e (des)continuidades

The thesis deals with the concepts of technical tra ining of middle level adopted by the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of R io Grande do Norte (IFRN). Discusses these concepts from the four political-pedagogical projects built in the period 1970 to 2010, spanning three institutionalities: Federal Technica l School of Rio Grande do Norte (1970- 1998), Federal Center of Technological Education of Rio Grande do Norte (1999-2008) and IFRN (from 2008) as well as three important politic al contexts of the country: Civil-Military Dictatorship, New Republic and Period of neoliberal ideas in Brazil. The goal is to analyze the configuration of the conceptions of training adopte d in the political-pedagogical projects IFRN, with emphasis on the specificities and (dis) contin uities, placing them in the context of political, economic and educational change in development in t he country. Addresses the relationship work, education and human development in capitalist society, in order to grasp the concept of employee training engendered by that company as wel l as the possibility of a counter- hegemonic formation. We analyze the formation of mi d-level concepts outlined in the educational reforms implemented in the country. We investigate the concepts of training outlined in the political-pedagogical projects IFRN . Makes use of the historical-dialectical materialism, the literature review, the documentary research and interviews were conducted with subjects who participated in the working group coordinator of the drafting of the political- institutional educational projects. The results sho w that the training of workers in capitalist society has a unilateral character; that the traini ng required by the working class is the omnilateral training; that the formative ideas that permeated the educational reforms in the country between 1970 and 2010 were all envisaged by unilateral training; that, in certain contexts, conceptions of technical training medium level outlined in the political-pedagogical projects IFRN reflect the formative perspectives th at guide educational reforms in the country (unilateral training) and, at other times, the inst itution adopts concepts (training omnilateral) that are not consistent with such prospects; and th at between the political-pedagogical projects built from 1970 to 2010 there are more continuities than breaks in relation to the concepts of training adopted. We conclude that the challenge is to institutionalize the IFRN their educational actions omnilateral designing training undertaken in the political-pedagogical project 2009.

Um percurso sobre o patrimônio e a morfologia urbana do centro de Fortaleza-CE

The incursion into the historical area from Fortaleza´s downtown presents reminiscences of a heritage collection that can be recognized as city built heritage, in architectural and urban aspects. The neighborhood has in its urban tracing a synthesis of the various phases from the Brazilian architecture materialized in its tracing and built goods. This composition mainly covers the eclectic production, passing the time of art déco, including the period of modern production. This paper aims to identify the existing heritage collection. This study aims to identify the existing net assets, the temporality and spatiality that allow to recreate the neighborhood´s form urbain history. Based on the theoretical and methodological support of the urban morphology urban of authors such as Aldo Rossi (1966), Gordon Cullen (1971), José Lamas (1990), Kevin Lynch (1960), and Philippe Panerai (1999) was allowed on a predefined route, to build part of urban memory of Fortaleza. The historical and morphological study runs through a sequenced analysis developed on the articulated subsets, formed by the network neighborhood squares: Praça José de Alencar, Praça Capistrano de Abreu (Lagoinha), Praça Clóvis Beviláquia, Praça do Carmo, Praça Murilo Borges (BNB), Praça Coração de Jesus, Parque das Crianças, Praça do Riacho Pajeú, Praça dos Voluntários (Polícia), Praça do Ferreira, Praça Waldemar Falcão (Correios), Praça General Tibúrcio (Leões), Praça Figueira de Melo, Bosque Dom Delgado (Pajeú), Praça Cristo Redentor, Praça Caio Prado (Sé), Praça dos Mártires (Passeio Público), e Praça Castro Carreira (Estação). Separated the neighborhood based on this square system because it is perceived that there is in these public spaces a path which includes a portion of the urban history of Fortaleza. In addition to this there is a higher concentration of goods in its area in relation to others sectors of the neighborhood, where the loss of the characterization is an imperative of the urban set. In order to find this network of public spaces contained in the study area were proposed two routes based on the city limits of 1875 established by Adolfo Herbster (Fortaleza´s city plan).The path starts by known boulevards (Imperador, Duque de Caxias and Dom Manuel avenues) and the seafront. The study is grounded in the literature review, document and empirical theme, consisting of an overlay of maps, drawings and photographic collection that ratify this net assets as both architectural urban nowadays. Among the results, it was observed that before a current context of loss of locus of the concept of historical-cultural agglomerated, the squares express the strongholds of equity ambience that perhaps stand in urban morphology of the capital from Ceará.

Avaliação do planejamento de prótese parcial removível em modelos recebidos por laboratórios de João Pessoa-PB

Objective: To evaluate the planning and quality of plaster models for fabricati on of removable parti al dentures received from three commercial prosthodonti c laboratories located in the city of João Pessoa, PB, Brazil, which perform the casting procedures in their facilities. Methods: Forty 40 plaster models were photographed per laboratory, totalizing 120 models. The evaluation was performed using two questi onnaires, one designed for the dental prosthesis technicians, and another applied by the investigator for the visual evaluati on of the models. Data were analyzed using the SPSS soft ware version 13.0. Results: Ninety-two (76.7%) models did not present planning. In addition, no model presented references of insertion plane or guide pins. Calculati on of the mouth preparati on index (MPI) to evaluate the distribution of the oclusal and cingulum abutments or rests showed that 86 (71.7%) models were classifi ed as poor, 23 (19.2%) models as good and only 11 (9,.2%) models as acceptable. Defects were found in 102 (85%) models. Conclusion: The prosthodontists are not preparing the mouth of their pati ents, neglecti ng the planning of removable partial dentures, and passing this responsibility to the dental prosthesis technicians. In addition, the quality of the models sent to the laboratories was unsatisfactory.

Avaliação do planejamento de prótese parcial removível em modelos recebidos por laboratórios de João Pessoa-PB

Objective: To evaluate the planning and quality of plaster models for fabricati on of removable parti al dentures received from three commercial prosthodonti c laboratories located in the city of João Pessoa, PB, Brazil, which perform the casting procedures in their facilities. Methods: Forty 40 plaster models were photographed per laboratory, totalizing 120 models. The evaluation was performed using two questi onnaires, one designed for the dental prosthesis technicians, and another applied by the investigator for the visual evaluati on of the models. Data were analyzed using the SPSS soft ware version 13.0. Results: Ninety-two (76.7%) models did not present planning. In addition, no model presented references of insertion plane or guide pins. Calculati on of the mouth preparati on index (MPI) to evaluate the distribution of the oclusal and cingulum abutments or rests showed that 86 (71.7%) models were classifi ed as poor, 23 (19.2%) models as good and only 11 (9,.2%) models as acceptable. Defects were found in 102 (85%) models. Conclusion: The prosthodontists are not preparing the mouth of their pati ents, neglecti ng the planning of removable partial dentures, and passing this responsibility to the dental prosthesis technicians. In addition, the quality of the models sent to the laboratories was unsatisfactory.

Potencialidade do tratamento eletroquímico oxidativo associado à adsorção para remediação de corantes têxteis

This study aimed to evaluate the potential of oxidative electrochemical treatment coupled with adsorption process using expanded perlite as adsorbent in the removal of textile dyes, Red Remazol and Novacron Blue on synthetic effluent. Dyes and perlite were characterized by thermogravimetry techniques (TG), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Spectroscopy infrared (IR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) techniques. Electrochemical treatments used as anodes, Ti/Pt and Pb/PbO2 under different conditions: 60 minutes, current density 20, 40 e 60 mAcm-2, pH 1, 4.5 e 8 and temperature variation 20, 40 e 60 ºC. In the case of adsorption tests, contact time of 30 minutes for the Remazol Red dye and 20 minutes for Novacron Blue were established, while pH 1, 4.5 e 8, 500 mg adsorbent and temperature variation 20, 40 e 60 ºC were used for both treatments. The results indicated that both treatments, electroxidation/adsorption and the adsorption/electroxidation, were effective for removing color from synthetic solutions. The consumption of electricity allowed to evaluate the applicability of the electrochemical process, providing very acceptable values, which allowed us to estimate the cost. Total organic carbon (TOC) and Gas Chromatography linked mass spectrometer (GC-MS) analyzes were performed, showing that the better combination for removing organic matter is by Pb/PbO2 and perlite. Meanwhile, GC-MS indicated that the by-products formed are benzoic acid, phthalic acid, thiocarbamic acid, benzene, chlorobenzene, phenol-2-ethyl and naphthalene when Remazol Red was degraded. Conversely, aniline, phthalic acid, 1, 6 - dimethylnaphthalene, naphthalene and ion hidroxobenzenosulfonat was detected when Novacron Blue was studied. Analyses obtained through atomic absorption spectrometry showed that there was release of lead in the electrochemical oxidation of analyzes that were performed with the anode Pb/PbO2, but these values are reduced by subjecting the effluent to adsorption analysis. According to these results, sequential techniques electroxidation/adsorption and adsorption/electroxidation are to treat solutions containing dyes.

Potencialidade do tratamento eletroquímico oxidativo associado à adsorção para remediação de corantes têxteis

This study aimed to evaluate the potential of oxidative electrochemical treatment coupled with adsorption process using expanded perlite as adsorbent in the removal of textile dyes, Red Remazol and Novacron Blue on synthetic effluent. Dyes and perlite were characterized by thermogravimetry techniques (TG), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Spectroscopy infrared (IR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) techniques. Electrochemical treatments used as anodes, Ti/Pt and Pb/PbO2 under different conditions: 60 minutes, current density 20, 40 e 60 mAcm-2, pH 1, 4.5 e 8 and temperature variation 20, 40 e 60 ºC. In the case of adsorption tests, contact time of 30 minutes for the Remazol Red dye and 20 minutes for Novacron Blue were established, while pH 1, 4.5 e 8, 500 mg adsorbent and temperature variation 20, 40 e 60 ºC were used for both treatments. The results indicated that both treatments, electroxidation/adsorption and the adsorption/electroxidation, were effective for removing color from synthetic solutions. The consumption of electricity allowed to evaluate the applicability of the electrochemical process, providing very acceptable values, which allowed us to estimate the cost. Total organic carbon (TOC) and Gas Chromatography linked mass spectrometer (GC-MS) analyzes were performed, showing that the better combination for removing organic matter is by Pb/PbO2 and perlite. Meanwhile, GC-MS indicated that the by-products formed are benzoic acid, phthalic acid, thiocarbamic acid, benzene, chlorobenzene, phenol-2-ethyl and naphthalene when Remazol Red was degraded. Conversely, aniline, phthalic acid, 1, 6 - dimethylnaphthalene, naphthalene and ion hidroxobenzenosulfonat was detected when Novacron Blue was studied. Analyses obtained through atomic absorption spectrometry showed that there was release of lead in the electrochemical oxidation of analyzes that were performed with the anode Pb/PbO2, but these values are reduced by subjecting the effluent to adsorption analysis. According to these results, sequential techniques electroxidation/adsorption and adsorption/electroxidation are to treat solutions containing dyes.

"Ombro a ombro com os mais fracos": a inserção de João Café Filho nos espaços do trabalhador na cidade do Natal 1922 - 1937

The purpose of this thesis is to analyze how João Café Filho constituted a discourse of advocate of the labor movement and workers in different sociability spaces. It is intended to understand, on one hand, how political relations were established between different categories of workers and the ‘middle classes’ and, on the other hand, how places were instituted to house the meeting of these relations. It a ims to understand the insertion of Café Filho in union activities in the urban world. It demonstrates specificities of the political culture in Natal emphasizing the dispute between a city politically ruled by a still reigning rural paternalistic mentality and the rise of a new way to experience the urban conflicts which appeared. Temporally, the work is delimited between 1922 (proclaimed by Café Filho himself as the initial period of his political action) and 1937 (when he broke up with Vargas and went into exile in Argentina). The research was constituted by three main document types: several published newspapers between the decades of 1920 and 1930 in the cities of Natal, Recife, São Paulo, Porto Alegre and Rio de Janeiro; the autobiographical memoirs written by Café Filho himself and memoirs of other people who lived in his time. The main pillars that have supported the work were: the concepts of society and individuals (ELIAS, 1994; 1995), political cultures (BERSTEIN, 1998) and theater of the memory (GOMES, 2004); the sociability spaces category (CERTEAU, 1994; MALATIAN, 2001; RIOX, 1996); the biography notion (DOSSE, 2009; LORIGA, 2011). We demonstrated that Café Filho acted in some sociability spaces as: the Jornal do Norte, the Federação Regional do Trabalho and the Partido Democrático Nacional. In such spaces, Café Filho, gradually, become an important leader of workers and, at the same time, linked to national entities led to the opposition that fight against the power established in the Brazilian First Republic. In Café Filho’s interpretation, workers were individuals who needed to fight against the political structures prevailing at that time because the poor living conditions and the low representativeness of this group were caused by the way the political system in the First Republic was structured. After the 1930 Movement, the 3 de Outubro Club, the Jornal and the Labor Federation of Natal were constituted in spaces where the cafeista critical discourse about the government was changed: workers should follow the official syndicalism and defend the 1930 Movement which put Vargas in the presidency of the Republic.

Advertisement and society in graphic magazine: La Esfera (1920-1930)

In the first third of the 20th century, Spain entered into modernity thanks to the positive state of its economic, cultural and social domains after the First World War. The objective of this article is to understand the role of artistic advertisements in the transformation of Spanish society that occurred during the decade of the ‘20s. My study of the illustrated magazine La Esfera has revealed that illustrated advertisements spread fashion, fostered sports and outdoors life, created the habit of smoking among women and had an educational influence that was powerful enough to change hygienic practices among children.

La popularización del fútbol en España. Análisis del fenómeno a través de la literatura especializada del fútbol (1920-1936)

La consolidación del fútbol en España se produjo a partir de los años veinte del siglo pasado. Entre 1920 a 1936 el fútbol adquirió todos los rasgos personales que hoy le caracterizan. En esta época surgió una literatura técnica y periodística especializada que se configuró como uno de los pilares más importantes para el desarrollo técnico deportivo y del espectáculo de masas. En torno a esta cuestión, el presente artículo busca un doble objetivo: recopilar la literatura técnica y periodística especializada publicada durante el período de 1920 a 1936, y reconocer el alcance social, técnico e ideológico de esta literatura futbolística en el proceso de configuración del fútbol en España. Para abordar este propósito hemos utilizado una metodología heurística y de análisis documental de las fuentes originales. Apreciamos que a través de estas obras podemos conocer mejor el contexto del espacio socio-deportivo del fútbol en España y, también, despertar nuevas líneas potenciales de investigación.

Análise da concepção arquitetural à luz da arquiteturologia: um estudo da produção de edifícios de uso não-residencial do arquiteto João Maurício Fernandes de Miranda, entre 1961 e 1981

This study explores the architectural conception process using the Architecturologie as an instrument of analysis, based on Enseigner la Conception Architecturale (2000), developed by Boudon - architect, lecturer and French researcher. It begins with the selection of local architect´s works, João Maurício Fernandes de Miranda, which resulted in six non residential projects developed between 1961 and 1981. Architectural readings were developed, with emphasis in the identification of architecturological scales, their functions, relationship and modality of occurrence

O terciário (re) desenhando a periferia: a região administrativa norte de Natal/RN, na última década do século XX, servicializada na Av. Dr. João Medeiros Filho

The tertiary sector has been (re)defining and (re)qualifying, in an impacting way, the urban spaces in the cities, introducing new elements for the discussion of the relationship center/periphery. In Natal, as an inducing economic activity of its development, it conforms to the new needs of the capital, expanding, being materialized through several processes and spatial forms. We aim at analyzing one of those processes, which has taken its Northern Administrative Area to (re)define the design of its urban space, through the actions developed by the agents involved with the spatialization of the tertiary activities, at the same time as it redimensions its role as a periphery of Natal, contributing to the study of the recent and growing transformations of the Brazilian capitals. The studied district corresponds to 39.4% of the municipal area and, until recently, was composed by precarious reproduction spaces, unprovided of relevant economical activities. After the boom of the development of extensive housing complexes by SFH/BNH, the area, gradually stopped being a dependent area, and it imposed itself as an economically participant region, with the increase of the trade and services sectors, as well as a favorable place for the appearance of new activities. Its reflexes are noticeable in the achieved spatial configuration. As the main road to induct changes, Dr. João Medeiros Filho Avenue presents these new tendencies in the production of the intraurban space, concentrating the largest goods and services equipments of the area, through investments of the private and public sectors, which guarantee the capital allocation for the construction of a new centrality

Casas modernas na orla marítima de João Pessoa 1960 a 1974

This paper studies modern houses built in the neighborhoods of Cabo Branco, Tambaú and Manaíra by the seafront in Joao Pessoa, built between 1960 and 1974. We start from the already widespread notion that Brazilian Modern Architecture was inspired by foreign ways, mainly European but also American here recast, adapted, often innovating repertoire and ideas received (Y. BRUAND, 2005; H. SEGAWA, 2002; C. E. COMAS, 2002; C. E. COMAS, 2002; M. M. ACAYABA e S. FICHER, 1982; M. B. C. ARANHA, 2008; F. C. L. LARA, 2001; R. V. ZEIN, 2005; L. E. AMORIM, 1999, C. V. STINCO, 2010). With this look, after a field study, we collected 61 specimens in the collection of the Central Archive of João Pessoa City Hall, in order to identify which reformulations, adaptations or innovations would exist in modern houses built along the coast in João Pessoa. As we try to analyze the houses by what the bibliography had suggested (G. C. ARGAN, 1992; L. CORBUSIER, 2002; C.E.D. e M. ADRIÀ, 2007; K. FRAMPTON, 1997; H. H. HITCHCOCK, 1976; L. BENEVOLO, 2004; R. DE FUSCO, 1992, N . PEVSNER, 2002; M. RAGON, 1986; B. RISEBERO, 1982; E. ROBBINS, 1997; W. J. R. CURTIS, 1982; V. SCULLY, 2003; B. ZEVI, 1984; D. DUNST, 1999; A. COLQUHOUN, 2002; R. WESTON, 2005; A. IÑAKI, 2006; J. PETER, 1994) the starting idea seemed to us not sufficiently developed. So we decided, first, to undertake a literature review comparing speech and image of modern houses most often cited by international and national literature, following a script freely inspired the Vitruvian triad: the functional and spatial (sectorization, guidance, spatiality, movement); constructive aspects (structural elements, modulation, deck, sealing), and aesthetic aspects (composition, apertures, ornaments) (Cap.1), then cast a look under this same route in 61 specimens obtained initially, trying to verify any specificities they would have (Cap.2). Failing to deepen the analysis of all these examples, we chose 10 projects which were redesigned and described in more detail to which we supplement with the aspects of place - location / lot location, access, axiality. (E. C. MAHFUZ, 2002; J. C. MIGUEL, 2000; E. C. CHEREGATI, 2007; M. COTRIM, 2007). (Cap. 3). The documentation and description resulting allowed us to approach some related questions about the canonical transcripts hybridizing, adoptions and any vernacular innovations of modern houses along the coast, We conclude that the appellants and anachronistic elements isolates found in each of the studied bind to the Brazilian Modern Architecture

Projeto do complexo ambulatorial do Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto visando a critérios de sustentabilidade

The purpose of this dissertation is the architectural project of the ambulatory complex of the Federal University of Pará in Belém. It is a health care establishment whose focus is sustainability, energy efficiency and humanization. This design went through the application of architectural concepts, the study of references (theorical and empirical ones), planning, examining the terrain and its conditions and the preliminay design and resulted in a preliminary architecture blueprint. The empirical research is based on the main building of the Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto in Belém, Hospital Sarah Kubitschek of Fortaleza (Architect João Filgueiras de Lima - Lelé) and Hospital e Maternity São Luiz of São Paulo (Architect Siegbert Zanettini). Part of the planning is based on the method "Problem Seeking of Pena and Parshal (2001)". During the development process I sought to incorporate sustainability criterias, energy efficiency and humanization. In relation to sustainability the dissertation focuses on the utilization of rainwater for non-potable usage

Análise da concepção arquitetural à luz da arquiteturologia: um estudo da produção de edifícios de uso não-residencial do arquiteto João Maurício Fernandes de Miranda, entre 1961 e 1981

This study explores the architectural conception process using the Architecturologie as an instrument of analysis, based on Enseigner la Conception Architecturale (2000), developed by Boudon - architect, lecturer and French researcher. It begins with the selection of local architect´s works, João Maurício Fernandes de Miranda, which resulted in six non residential projects developed between 1961 and 1981. Architectural readings were developed, with emphasis in the identification of architecturological scales, their functions, relationship and modality of occurrence