Biology Expansively Understood: [Review of] Alexandre Lefebvre's Human Rights as a Way of Life. On Bergson's Political Philosophy, (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2013)

Human Rights as a Way of Life is about the political dimension of Henri Bergson's work, focusing mainly on The Two Sources of Morality and Religion, the last original book by the French philosopher, published in 1932.

Biofilm formation at the solid-liquid and air-liquid interfaces by Acinetobacter species

The members of the genus Acinetobacter are Gram-negative cocobacilli that are frequently found in the environment but also in the hospital setting where they have been associated with outbreaks of nosocomial infections. Among them, Acinetobacter baumannii has emerged as the most common pathogenic species involved in hospital-acquired infections. One reason for this emergence may be its persistence in the hospital wards, in particular in the intensive care unit; this persistence could be partially explained by the capacity of these microorganisms to form biofilm. Therefore, our main objective was to study the prevalence of the two main types of biofilm formed by the most relevant Acinetobacter species, comparing biofilm formation between the different species. Findings: Biofilm formation at the air-liquid and solid-liquid interfaces was investigated in different Acinetobacter spp. and it appeared to be generally more important at 25°C than at 37°C. The biofilm formation at the solid-liquid interface by the members of the ACB-complex was at least 3 times higher than the other species (80-91% versus 5-24%). In addition, only the isolates belonging to this complex were able to form biofilm at the air-liquid interface; between 9% and 36% of the tested isolates formed this type of pellicle. Finally, within the ACB-complex, the biofilm formed at the air-liquid interface was almost 4 times higher for A. baumannii and Acinetobacter G13TU than for Acinetobacter G3 (36%, 27% & 9% respectively). Conclusions: Overall, this study has shown the capacity of the Acinetobacter spp to form two different types of biofilm: solid-liquid and air-liquid interfaces. This ability was generally higher at 25°C which might contribute to their persistence in the inanimate hospital environment. Our work has also demonstrated for the first time the ability of the members of the ACB-complex to form biofilm at the air-liquid interface, a feature that was not observed in other Acinetobacter species.

Biofilm formation at the solid-liquid and air-liquid interfaces by Acinetobacter species.

BACKGROUND The members of the genus Acinetobacter are Gram-negative cocobacilli that are frequently found in the environment but also in the hospital setting where they have been associated with outbreaks of nosocomial infections. Among them, Acinetobacter baumannii has emerged as the most common pathogenic species involved in hospital-acquired infections. One reason for this emergence may be its persistence in the hospital wards, in particular in the intensive care unit; this persistence could be partially explained by the capacity of these microorganisms to form biofilm. Therefore, our main objective was to study the prevalence of the two main types of biofilm formed by the most relevant Acinetobacter species, comparing biofilm formation between the different species. FINDINGS Biofilm formation at the air-liquid and solid-liquid interfaces was investigated in different Acinetobacter spp. and it appeared to be generally more important at 25°C than at 37°C. The biofilm formation at the solid-liquid interface by the members of the ACB-complex was at least 3 times higher than the other species (80-91% versus 5-24%). In addition, only the isolates belonging to this complex were able to form biofilm at the air-liquid interface; between 9% and 36% of the tested isolates formed this type of pellicle. Finally, within the ACB-complex, the biofilm formed at the air-liquid interface was almost 4 times higher for A. baumannii and Acinetobacter G13TU than for Acinetobacter G3 (36%, 27% & 9% respectively). CONCLUSIONS Overall, this study has shown the capacity of the Acinetobacter spp to form two different types of biofilm: solid-liquid and air-liquid interfaces. This ability was generally higher at 25°C which might contribute to their persistence in the inanimate hospital environment. Our work has also demonstrated for the first time the ability of the members of the ACB-complex to form biofilm at the air-liquid interface, a feature that was not observed in other Acinetobacter species.

Le Mariale lyonnais du manuscrit de Paris, BNF, fr. 818 (XIIIe siècle) : étude linguistique, commentaire historique et édition des miracles inédits avec traduction et glossaire

Le manuscrit de Paris, BNF, fr. 818 renferme dans sa première partie (fol. 1-154) l'une des plus amples collections de miracles de Notre-Dame en langue vulgaire du xiiie siècle. Composée vers 1220 dans la région de Lyon, cette compilation anonyme compte parmi les rares textes littéraires produits au Moyen Âge dans l'espace francoprovençal, domaine géographiquement intermédiaire entre le domaine d'oïl et le domaine d'oc (et englobant notam- ment la plus grande partie de la Suisse romande), mais présentant des caracté- ristiques linguistiques qui lui sont propres. Malgré son grand intérêt linguistique et thématique, la collection de miracles du ms. fr. 818 demeure à ce jour partiellement inédite et n'a fait l'objet que d'études fragmentaires. Nous nous proposons donc d'apporter une contribution aux études francoprovençales en complétant l'édition de ce « Mariale en langue vulgaire » (selon l'expression de P. Meyer) et en ana- lysant la scripta très hétérogène de ce recueil, qui se présente comme un savant mélange de formes françaises et de formes lyonnaises. Grâce à l'exa- men systématique de tous les aspects remarquables de la langue du Mariale (phonétique, morphologie, lexique), nous souhaitons porter à la connais- sance des romanistes les riches matériaux francoprovençaux offerts par ce recueil, matériaux qui demeurent en partie méconnus et se trouvent parfois répertoriés dans les dictionnaires sous la fausse étiquette « française ».

Le Mariale lyonnais (Paris, BNF, fr. 818). Édition, traduction et étude linguistique

Le manuscrit de Paris, BNF, fr. 818, connu des francoprovençalistes pour sa collection de légendes hagiographiques en scripta lyonnaise, renferme également l'une des plus amples collections de miracles de Notre-Dame en langue vernaculaire du XIIIe siècle. À la différence des Légendes en prose, ce « Mariale » en vers (probablement dû au même auteur anonyme) a été rédigé dans une scripta 'francoprovençalisante', soit dans une langue qui se veut française, mais qui laisse transparaître un bon nombre de traits de l'idiome natal de l'auteur. Longtemps demeuré dans l'ombre des Légendes, le Mariale lyonnais restait jusqu'ici partiellement inédit, et sa langue n'avait jamais fait l'objet d'une étude exhaustive. Le présent ouvrage comble cette double lacune en proposant d'une part l'édition, la traduction et le glossaire des miracles qui restaient à faire connaître, d'autre part une étude linguistique portant sur l'ensemble du corpus et mettant en lumière la richesse des matériaux francoprovençaux offerts par ce recueil.

Extending the Hydra Head to Create a Pluggable, Extensible Architecture: Diving into the Technology of Hydramata

Presentation at Open Repositories 2014, Helsinki, Finland, June 9-13, 2014

Hydramata: Building a Nimble Solution with Hydra to Transcend the Institutional Repository

Presentation at Open Repositories 2014, Helsinki, Finland, June 9-13, 2014