Estado, ciudadanía y capital social: tres lecciones de paz en uno de los países más violentos de América Latina

El Salvador es uno de los países con más homicidios en América Latina desde hace más de cinco años. Un análisis comparativo de la tasas de homicidios de las naciones con más asesinatos en Latinoamérica reveló que, durante el 2005, en el territorio salvadoreño ocurrieron 54.7 homicidios por cada 100 mil habitantes. Para entonces Honduras, con problemas de delincuencia juvenil como la nación salvadoreña, tenía una tasa de 40.6 homicidios; mientras que Colombia, sumergido en un conflicto armado y con problemas de narcotráfico, alcanzó una tasa de 33.7 homicidios ese mismo año. Pese al panorama, no todo en El Salvador es así. Al analizar los homicidios por departamentos desde el 2002 hasta el 2007 se puede encontrar que existen alrededor de 21 municipios que no registran asesinatos. Tres de ellos llaman la atención en particular por su pasado violento al estar ubicados en sitios que fueron escenarios del conflictivo armado durante la guerra civil (1980–1992) y por la organización municipal que han alcanzado tras los Acuerdos de Paz entre la guerrilla y el gobierno salvadoreño en 1992.

La política exterior de Colombia y la internacionalización del proceso de paz (Artículos Varios)

El artículo reflexiona sobre la política exterior de Colombia, sus prioridades y desafíos. Iniciando con un recorrido de lo que fue la diplomacia tradicional colombiana, el autor analiza las relaciones de Colombia con Estados Unidos en la última parte del Siglo XX, caracterizadas por altibajos y por su concentración en el tema de lucha contra las drogas. Fernando Cepeda analiza además el papel de la llamada diplomacia por la paz, las condiciones que dan lugar a la internacionalización del proceso de paz y los objetivos prioritarios que ha definido la política exterior colombiana, alrededor de la búsqueda de una solución definitiva al conflicto armado.

Un nuevo amanecer: el giro de la política exterior colombiana y su impacto en el conflicto interno (Tema Central)

La autora explora la posibilidad de un cambio en las relaciones de Colombia con Venezuela y Ecuador durante la presidencia de Juan Manuel Santos. Las relaciones de Colombia con esos dos países vecinos, por un largo período, se han caracterizado por su complejidad expresada en roces y desencuentros, configurando un escenario conflictivo. Esta dinámica se origina en dos factores: el conflicto armado colombiano de larga duración, y la alineación de Colombia con Estados Unidos. La autora sostiene que los cambios en el segundo factor podrían conducir a una modificación del conflicto doméstico colombiano, y por extensión a mejorar las relaciones con Ecuador y Venezuela.

The role of the Madden-Julian Oscillation in the El Nino and Indian drought of 2002

In 2002 India experienced a severe drought, one among the five worst droughts since records began in 1871, notable for its countrywide influence. The drought was primarily due to an unprecedented break in the monsoon during July, which persisted for almost the whole month and affected most of the sub-continent. The failure of the monsoon in 2002 was not predicted and India was not prepared for the devastating impacts on, for example, agriculture. This paper documents the evolution of the 2002 Indian summer monsoon and considers the possible factors that contributed to the drought and the failure of the forecasts. The development of the 2002/2003 El Nino and the unusually high levels of Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) activity during the monsoon season are identified as the central players. The 2002/2003 El Nino was characterised by very high sea-surface temperatures (SSTs) in the central Pacific that developed rapidly during the monsoon season. It is suggested that the unusual character of the developing El Nino was associated with the MJO and was a consequence of the eastward extension of the West Pacific Warm Pool, brought about primarily by a series of westerly wind events (WWEs) as part of the eastward movement of the active phase of the MJO. During the boreal summer, the MJO is usually characterised by northward movement, but in 2002 the northward component of the MJO was weak and the MJO was dominated by a strong eastward component, probably driven by the abnormally high SSTs in the central Pacific. It is suggested that a positive feedback existed between the developing El Nino and the eastward component of the MJO, which weakened the active phases of the monsoon. In particular, the unprecedented monsoon break in July could be associated with the juxtaposition of strong MJO activity with a developing El Nino, both of which interfered constructively with each other to produce major perturbations to the distribution of tropical heating. Subsequently, the main impact of the developing El Nino was a modulation of the Walker circulation that led to the overall suppression of the Indian monsoon during thess latter part of the season. It is argued that the unique combination of a rapidly developing El Nino and strong MJO activity, which was timed within the seasonal cycle to have maximum impact on the Indian summer monsoon, meant that prediction of the prolonged break in July and the seasonally deficient rainfall was a challenge for both the empirical and dynamical forecasting systems. Copyright (C) 2006 Royal Meteorological Society.

Plano de Desenvolvimento da Escola (PDE): o processo de implantação de uma nova proposta de descentralização em duas escolas da rede municipal de ensino de Natal de 1999 a 2002

The 1988 Constitution was the legal marc to define changes in Brazilian State with major importance to the layout of public politician. In that moment of redefinitions e openness to new ways the redemocratization, participation and decentralization of public school had as their starter the elementary school. This work focus on the manage of FUNDESCOLA, particularly one of its politics called PDE (Educational Development Plan) wich purpose is guarantee a better quality in teaching and spread out democracy throughout its methodology. It was chosen two public schools: Professor Ulisses de Góis and Antonio Campos. The theoretical and methodological orientation is based on the theory of participative democracy developed by authors such as Putnam and Pateman. They says that a cultural background precedes individual participation in society. The collected data (educational legislation, surveys with all sectors of schools and technicians of Natal educational secretary, and relevant documents of de institutions) showed that PDE. Implementation had opposite runnings in the schools studied. In one, as a consequence of bad preparations of its teachers to absorve its methodology, PDE failed. In another way, PDE achieved its goals, especially helping the structure of action plans of the school and the administrative organization making possible several pedagogic activities planned. The work concludes that the main factor the failure or success of PDE relies on the organizational (both political and pedagogical) structure of each school. This discovery implies three important guidelines when comes to formulation of public politicians: a) Constitution of school; b) the local actors who manages the actions; c) the colletive interest in taking part of decisions

Post-conflict peacebuilding: strategies and lessons from Bosnia and Herzegovina, El Salvador and Sierra Leone

Includes bibliography

Poblaciones vulnerables a la luz de la Conferencia de Durban: casos de América Latina y el Caribe

Incluye Bibliografía

Prática pedagógica do/a professor/a coordenador/a no contexto da política educacional paulista: 1995-2002

Pós-graduação em Educação - FCT

Formação continuada de professores do município de Regente Feijó: a municipalização do ensino fundamental e os desafios da construção de uma política - 1999/2002

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Organização comunitária em busca da qualidade de vida : dinâmicas e lutas (Franca/SP 1991-2002)

Pós-graduação em Serviço Social - FCHS

Variabilidade genética para características agronômicas entre progênies autofecundadas de mamona (Ricinus communis L.) cv. Al Guarany 2002

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Agricultura) - FCA

Autopercepção de saúde e avaliação das condições bucais dos escolares, de 6 a 15 anos de idade, do município de Pinheiro Preto - SC, 2002

Pós-graduação em Odontologia Preventiva e Social - FOA

Slope stability analysis by multi-temporal DEMs and 3D modelling: The 2002 and 2007 Stromboli landslide events

Natural hazard related to the volcanic activity represents a potential risk factor, particularly in the vicinity of human settlements. Besides to the risk related to the explosive and effusive activity, the instability of volcanic edifices may develop into large landslides often catastrophically destructive, as shown by the collapse of the northern flank of Mount St. Helens in 1980. A combined approach was applied to analyse slope failures that occurred at Stromboli volcano. SdF slope stability was evaluated by using high-resolution multi-temporal DTMMs and performing limit equilibrium stability analyses. High-resolution topographical data collected with remote sensing techniques and three-dimensional slope stability analysis play a key role in understanding instability mechanism and the related risks. Analyses carried out on the 2002–2003 and 2007 Stromboli eruptions, starting from high-resolution data acquired through airborne remote sensing surveys, permitted the estimation of the lava volumes emplaced on the SdF slope and contributed to the investigation of the link between magma emission and slope instabilities. Limit Equilibrium analyses were performed on the 2001 and 2007 3D models, in order to simulate the slope behavior before 2002-2003 landslide event and after the 2007 eruption. Stability analyses were conducted to understand the mechanisms that controlled the slope deformations which occurred shortly after the 2007 eruption onset, involving the upper part of slope. Limit equilibrium analyses applied to both cases yielded results which are congruent with observations and monitoring data. The results presented in this work undoubtedly indicate that hazard assessment for the island of Stromboli should take into account the fact that a new magma intrusion could lead to further destabilisation of the slope, which may be more significant than the one recently observed because it will affect an already disarranged deposit and fractured and loosened crater area. The two-pronged approach based on the analysis of 3D multi-temporal mapping datasets and on the application of LE methods contributed to better understanding volcano flank behaviour and to be prepared to undertake actions aimed at risk mitigation.

La Pampa criolla. Usufructo y apropiación privada de tierras públicas en Buenos Aires, 1820-1850, de María Elena Infesta, La Plata, Archivo Histórico de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, 2003, 336 páginas

Fil: Banzato, Guillermo. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación; Argentina.

Nacionalismo, fascismo y tradicionalismo en la Argentina moderna. Una historia, de Fernando Devoto, Buenos Aires, Siglo Veintiuno de Argentina editores, 2002, 306 pp.

Fil: Kahan, Emmanuel Nicolás. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación; Argentina.