Molecular characterization of Echinococcus granulosusfrom Peru by sequencing of the mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase subunit 1 gene

Echinococcus granulosus, the etiologic agent of cystic echinococcosis (CE) in humans and other animal species, is distributed worldwide. Ten intra-specific variants, or genotypes (G1-G10), have been defined based on genetic diversity. To determine the genotypes present in endemic areas of Peru, samples were collected from cattle (44), sheep (41) and humans (14) from Junín, Puno Huancavelica, Cusco, Arequipa and Ayacucho. DNA was extracted from protoscolex and/or germinal layers derived from 99 E. granulosus isolates and used as templates to amplify the mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase subunit 1 gene. The resulting polymerase chain reaction products were sequenced and further examined by sequence analysis. All isolates, independent of the host, exhibited the G1 genotype. Phylogenetic analysis showed that three isolates from Ayacucho shared the same cluster with microvariant G1(4). The G1 genotype is considered the most widespread and infectious form of E. granulosusworldwide and our results confirm that the same patterns apply to this country. Therefore, these findings should be taken into consideration in developing prevention strategies and control programs for CE in Peru.

Hepatitis C virus quantification in serum and saliva of HCV-infected patients

The hepatitis C virus (HCV) can be detected in blood and other bodily fluids, such as saliva, semen and gastric juices. The aim of this study was to compare the HCV viral loads in the serum and saliva of infected patients. Twenty-nine patients with detectable HCV RNA in their serum and saliva were included in this study. The HCV viral loads were determined through quantitative real-time polymerase chain reactions. The median viral RNA levels were 5.78 log10 copies in the serum and 3.32 log10 copies in the saliva. We observed that the salivary HCV viral load was significantly lower than the viral load in the serum. Further studies are required to understand the role of saliva in the diagnosis, management and potential transmission of HCV.

4-7-19, stade Pershing, [Lawrence] Shields, Américain, à l'arrivée de la course de relais de 3000 m [des Jeux interalliés, le n°835 William C. Gray, membre du relais américain, lève le poing en signe de victoire] : [photographie de presse] / [Agence Rol]

Référence bibliographique : Rol, 54716

Colombe, 9/11/19, rugby, équipe [de] Périgueux [i. e. le C. A. Périgourdin qui a été battu par le Racing Club de France] : [photographie de presse] / [Agence Rol]

Référence bibliographique : Rol, 56861

M. Deffert [i. e. Henry Defert], président du T. C. F. [Touring-Club de France] : [photographie de presse] / [Agence Rol]

Référence bibliographique : Rol, 56902

[Jean] Vermeulen, Français, [Scarlat] Florea [n° 2192], Roumain [avec le Roumain Alexandru Balan, n° 2195, et le belge Jules Holsbeeke, n° 1274, marathon modifié des Jeux interalliés, stade Pershing, le 4 juillet 1919] : [photographie de presse] / [Agence Rol]

Référence bibliographique : Rol, 54700

M. Deffert [i. e. Henry Defert], président du T. C. F. [Touring-Club de France] : [photographie de presse] / [Agence Rol]

Référence bibliographique : Rol, 56901

M. Deffert [i. e. Henry Defert] président [du] T. C. F. [Touring-Club de France] : [photographie de presse] / [Agence Rol]

Référence bibliographique : Rol, 56900

Parc des princes, 25-1-20, équipe [de rugby] de Grenoble [F.C.G.] : [photographie de presse] / [Agence Rol]

Référence bibliographique : Rol, 57762

Parc des princes, 25-1-20, équipe [de rugby] de Grenoble [F.C.G.] : [photographie de presse] / [Agence Rol]

Référence bibliographique : Rol, 57763

Saint-Cloud, [28/12/19], équipe de la [Société] générale [le C. A. S. G., Club athlétique de la Société générale] gagnante du challenge de la Nézière [i. e. Georges de La Nézière, les coureurs: Isola, Felter [Ferser], Corlet, Guillemot et Brossard] : [photographie de presse] / [Agence Rol]

Référence bibliographique : Rol, 57344

Asnières, [Football] Association, 31-11-19 [i. e. 1er décembre 1919], équipe du F.E.C. [Football étoile club] de Levallois : [photographie de presse] / [Agence Rol]

Référence bibliographique : Rol, 57094

Stade Bergeyre, 11/1/20, rugby, équipe C.A. [Club athlétique] Société générale : [photographie de presse] / [Agence Rol]

Référence bibliographique : Rol, 57589