952 resultados para Brazilian National Health System (SUS)


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While essential to human nature, health and life have been protected since ancient times by various areas of knowledge, particularly by the Law, given its dynamics within the regulation of social interactions. In Brazil, health has been granted major importance by the Federal Constitution of 1988, which, disrupting the dictatorial authoritarianism, inaugurating a Social State and focusing on the values of freedom and human dignity, raises health to the condition of a social right, marked predominantly by an obligational bias directed, primarily, to the State, through the enforcement of public policies. Although, given the limitation of the State action to the reserve for contingencies, it turns clear that an universalizing access to public health is impossible, seen that the high cost of medical provisions hinders the State to meet all the health needs of the rightholders. As a result of the inefficiency of the State, the effort of the Constituent Assembly of 1988 in creating a hybrid health system becomes nuclear, which, marked by the possibility of exploration of healthcare by the private initiative, assigns to the private enterprise a key role in supplementing the public health system, especially through the offer of health insurance plans. At this point, however, it becomes clear that health provisions rendered by the private agents are not unlimited, which involves discussions about services and procedures that should be excluded from the contractual coverage, for purposes of sectoral balance, situation which draws the indispensability of deliberations between Fundamental Rights on one hand, related to the protection of health and life, and contractual principles on the other hand, connected to the primacy of private autonomy. At this point, the importance of the regulation undertaken by the ANS, Brazilian National Health Agency, appears primordial, which, by means of its seized broad functions, considerable autonomy and technical discretion, has conditions to implement an effective control towards the harmonization of the regulatory triangle, the stability and development of the supplementary health system and, consequently, towards the universalization of the right to health, within constitutional contours. According to this, the present essay, resorting to a broad legislative, doctrinal and jurisprudential study, concludes that economic regulation over the private healthcare sector, when legitimately undertaken, provides progress and stability to the intervening segment and, besides, turns healthcare universalization feasible, in a way that it can not be replaced efficiently by any other State function.

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In the context of current capitalist society, marked by the logic that restricts the human person their status as workforce, in order to generate profits, old age is often treated as an underprivileged life stage. This reality becomes more intense considering the sharp aging process that affects brazilian society is accompanied by the country's entry into a globalized world and tensioned by the dictates of capital. Thus, despite the increasing development of policies to strengthen the guarantee of elderly rights, it is necessary to establish effective strategies of these measures to ensure a higher quality of life to these subjects. Therefore, it is necessary to develop studies that problematize the issue of the elderly, which represent a growing portion of the population, and hence have more visible demands, including in health. With the increase in the elderly population in Brazil it is possible to realize the country is going through a demographic transition and epidemiological changes that contribute to change the landscape of health care of the elderly, especially the hospitalization. Thus, this study aimed to analyze the multiple aspects of ensuring the rights of elderly patients admitted to the State Hospital Dr. Ruy Pereira dos Santos (HRPS), located in Natal / RN, whose most patients are elderly. Specifically sought to understand the aging process, its social consequences and the vulnerability to which it is exposed, especially during the disease situation; understand the process of construction of the Brazilian public health and their actions for older people; learn the expressions of citizenship formation in Brazil with regard to policies for older people; and investigate the design of health professionals about the guarantee of the right of hospitalized elderly. Starting from an integrated coordinated theoretical and practical possibilities, a qualitative research and literature character, documentary and field was held. For this, there were four semi-structured interviews with health research locus Hospital professionals - namely, two social workers, a doctor and a nurse - as well as life stories with the hospitalized elderly patients, one in each deck the said Hospital, totaling three. The results pointed to the difficulty of health policy become effective as law and stressed one historical scenario violation of the rights of elderly hospitalized patients, which persists due to the precarious situation and the difficulty of effective implementation of the Unified Health System (SUS ) and other public policies to that end.

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Acknowledgments The authors are grateful for valuable comments and inputs from participants at a series of seminars and conferences as well as to our three anonymous referees.

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RONCALLI, Angelo Giuseppe. A organização da demanda em serviços públicos de saúde bucal: universalidade, eqüidade e integralidade em Saúde Bucal Coletiva. raçatuba, 2000. 238p. Tese (Doutorado em Odontologia Preventiva e Social). Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”

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NORO, L. R. A. et al. A utilização de serviços odontológicos entre crianças e fatores associados em Sobral, Ceará, Brasil. Cad. Saúde Pública, v. 24, n. 7, p. 1509-1516. 2008. ISSN 0102-311X.

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Dans cette thèse, nous avons analysé le déroulement d’un processus de municipalisation du système de santé, effectué au Rio Grande do Norte (RN), un des états fédérés du nord-est du Brésil. En tenant compte des contextes historiques d’implantation, nous avons centré notre attention sur la contribution des acteurs impliqués dans ce processus, spécialement dans l’allocation des ressources financières du système. Les croyances, perceptions, attentes, représentations, connaissances, intérêts, l’ensemble des facteurs qui contribuent à la constitution des capacités cognitives de ces acteurs, favorise la réflexivité sur leurs actions et la définition de stratégies diverses de façon à poursuivre leurs objectifs dans le système de santé. Ils sont vus ainsi comme des agents compétents et réflexifs, capables de s’approprier des propriétés structurelles du système de santé (règles et ressources), de façon à prendre position dans l’espace social de ce système pour favoriser le changement ou la permanence du statu quo. Au cours du processus de structuration du Système unique de santé brésilien, le SUS, la municipalisation a été l’axe le plus développé d’un projet de réforme de la santé. Face aux contraintes contextuelles et de la dynamique complexe des espaces sociaux de la santé, les acteurs réformistes n’ont pas pu suivre le chemin de l’utopie idéalisée; quelques détours ont été parcourus. Au RN, la municipalisation de la santé a constitué un processus très complexe où la triade centralisation/décentralisation/recentralisation a suivi son cours au milieu de négociations, de conflits, d’alliances, de disputes, de coopérations, de compétitions. Malgré les contraintes des contextes successifs, des propriétés structurelles du système et des dynamiques sociales dans le système de santé, quelques changements sont intervenus : la construction de leaderships collectifs; l’émergence d’une culture de négociation; la création des structures et des espaces sociaux du système, favorisant les rencontres des acteurs dans chaque municipalité et au niveau de l’état fédéré; un apprentissage collectif sur le processus de structuration du SUS; une grande croissance des services de première ligne permettant d’envisager une inversion de tendance du modèle de prestation des services; les premiers pas vers la rupture avec la culture bureaucratique du système. Le SUS reste prisonnier de quelques enjeux institutionnalisés dans ce système de santé : la dépendance du secteur privé et de quelques groupes de professionnels; le financement insuffisant et instable; la situation des ressources humaines. Les changements arrivés sont convergents, incrémentiels, lents; ils résultent d’actions normatives, délibérées, formalisées. Elles aussi sont issues de l’inattendu, de l’informel, du paradoxe; quelques-unes plus localisées, d’autres plus généralisées, pour une courte ou une plus longue durée.

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The present PhD thesis develops and applies an evaluative methodology suited to the evaluation of policy and governance in complex policy areas. While extensive literatures exist on the topic of policy evaluation, governance evaluation has received less attention. At the level of governance, policymakers confront choices between different policy tools and governance arrangements in their attempts to solve policy problems, including variants of hierarchy, networks and markets. There is a need for theoretically-informed empirical research to inform decision-making at this level. To that end, the PhD develops an approach to evaluation by combining postpositivist policy analysis with heterodox political economy. Postpositivist policy analysis recognises that policy problems are often contested, that choices between policy options can involve significant trade-offs and that knowledge of policy options is itself dispersed and fragmented. Similarly, heterodox economics combines a concept of incommensurable values with an appreciation of the strengths and weaknesses of different institutional arrangements to realise them. A central concept of the field is coordination, which orientates policy analysis to the interactions of stakeholders in policy processes. The challenge of governance is to select the appropriate policy tools and arrangements which facilitate coordination. Via a postpositivist exploration of stakeholder ‘frames’, it is possible to ascertain whether coordination is occurring and to identify problems if it is not. Evaluative claims of governance can be made where arrangements can be shown to frustrate the realisation of shared values and objectives. The research makes a contribution to knowledge in a number of ways a) a distinctive evaluative approach that could be applied to other areas of health and public policy b) greater appreciation of the strengths and weaknesses of different forms of evidence in public policy and in particular health policy and c) concrete policy proposals for the governance and organisation of diabetes services, with implications for the NHS more broadly.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Washington, 2016-08

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RONCALLI, Angelo Giuseppe. A organização da demanda em serviços públicos de saúde bucal: universalidade, eqüidade e integralidade em Saúde Bucal Coletiva. raçatuba, 2000. 238p. Tese (Doutorado em Odontologia Preventiva e Social). Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”

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NORO, L. R. A. et al. A utilização de serviços odontológicos entre crianças e fatores associados em Sobral, Ceará, Brasil. Cad. Saúde Pública, v. 24, n. 7, p. 1509-1516. 2008. ISSN 0102-311X.

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Objetivou-se conhecer o Sistema Único de Saúde e suas relações intersetoriais no município do Rio Grande frente a demanda das necessidades da população em relação à saúde provocadas pelo desenvolvimento socioeconômico previsto e, consequente crescimento populacional; construir uma proposta de reconfiguração do Sistema Único de Saúde no município do Rio Grande, com contribuições do enfermeiro capaz de atender a demanda produzida pelo desenvolvimento socioeconômico e, consequente crescimento populacional e elevar o nível de saúde da população riograndina. Tem-se como Tese: O estudo do Sistema Único de Saúde e suas relações intersetoriais do município do Rio Grande, possibilita a construção de uma proposta de reconfiguração do Sistema Único de Saúde, com contribuições do enfermeiro, capaz de atender a demanda produzida pelo desenvolvimento socioeconômico e consequente crescimento populacional e elevar o nível de saúde da população riograndina. O tema se justifica pelas contribuições que a pesquisa busca apresentar com a finalidade de oferecer subsídios capazes de auxiliar nas escolhas a serem realizadas de forma coletiva em benefício da saúde da população do município do Rio Grande. Alicerçado no conceito ampliado de saúde é indispensável envolver todos os setores, seus serviços e ações, do município do Rio Grande e apreendê-los como pilares essenciais para a efetivação do Sistema Único de Saúde em benefício da população. A visão sistêmica possibilita conhecer e identificar as relações dos setores e seus serviços e ações que contribuem para atender a demanda em saúde produzida pelo desenvolvimento socioeconômico do município, e assim, entender as necessidades desse ecossistema. O referencial teórico-filosófico construído com base em autores sistêmicos, entre eles: Prigogine, Stengers (1997), Santos, Siqueira, Silva (2009), Prigogine (2009, 2011), Capra (2012), Bertalanffy (2013), foi capaz de dar sustentabilidade a pesquisa com enfoque ecossistêmico. Como caminho metodológico foi empregado o método de análise de conteúdo (AC) ancorado em Bardin (2011). A pesquisa foi do tipo descritivo, exploratório, com abordagem qualitativa. A coleta de dados, envolvendo o contexto do município do Rio Grande/RS, foi realizada por meio de entrevista semi- estruturada, buscando fundamentar a questão de pesquisa, pressupostos, objetivos e especialmente a TESE. O lócus do estudo foi o município do Rio Grande/ RS, mais especificamente, junto aos setores produtivos (secretarias municipais) que compõem a comuna e órgãos integrantes da saúde que oferecem atendimento à população por meio do Sistema Único de Saúde. Os dados evidenciaram que o município encontra-se em estado de alerta, preocupado e até mesmo assustado com as modificações e transformações que estão acontecendo, produzidas pelo desenvolvimento socioeconômico e crescimento populacional como conseqüência da implantação do pólo naval. Na tentativa de equacionar os impactos nos diferentes segmentos criaram diversas estratégias, destacando-se a criação do Grupo de Trabalho e Desenvolvimento, como fórum de discussão. A intersetorialidade entre os setores do município despontou como estratégia importante alcançando bons resultados. A enfermagem, com base nos dados, encontra-se inserida nesse contexto, qualificada e pronta a exercer a sua função e enfrentar os desafios da demanda em saúde.

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Con frecuencia, los profesionales de la salud se encuentran limitados a continuar con el tratamiento de sus pacientes, debido a las condiciones estructurales de los hospitales públicos, como la cantidad de camas, la calidad del material hospitalario, la calificación de los propios profesionales públicos, entre otras. En este sentido el artículo tiene como objetivo presentar la negligencia con los derechos de la personalidad y principios fundamentales en el sistema de salud público brasileño, señalando la necesidad de políticas públicas para la mejora del Sistema Único de Salud (SUS, Sistema Único de Saúde en portugués), precisamente en las fallas de su sistema, tomando como ejemplo la banalización de la vida por un médico del Hospital Evangélico de Curitiba, Estado de Paraná. Con este ejemplo se buscó presentar también el verdadero sentido de la eutanasia, y su evolución en la historia de la humanidad, distinguiendo la práctica que se llevó acabo en el Hospital Evangélico de Curitiba, que fue presentado por los medios de comunicación de todo el mundo como el caso de la eutanasia en Brasil. El enfoque del tema es de suma importancia para la bioética, porque tiene como objeto permitir una mejor reflexión sobre el problema y sus posibles soluciones.