Superando dualismos : trayectorias socio-productivas en el abordaje de las transformaciones en la estructura social hortícola platense

En el presente artículo se presentan los principales lineamientos de la estrategia teórico-metodológica que se está implementando en la investigación en curso, en la que se busca dar cuenta de las transformaciones en la estructura social hortícola platense, acaecida en los últimos 20 años. Este enfoque busca superar los dualismos acción y estructura e individuo y sociedad, pensándolos como aspectos complementarios en el abordaje de la realidad social. En este sentido, se revisan los aportes y limitaciones de dos paradigmas que se pronuncian como antagónicos en la explicación de la conducta social, como así también los aportes teóricos que buscan reconciliar ambas posturas. Se propone el concepto de trayectorias como concepto mediador, que permite reunir en el análisis tanto la historicidad de los procesos sociales, las constricciones estructurales y la agencia de las sujetos. A su vez, enlazado a esta postura teórica, se implementa una estrategia metodológica cualitativa, a partir de la utilización de entrevistas semiestructuradas y observación participante. Finalmente, en este trabajo se sostiene que las principales transformaciones acaecidas en el espacio social periurbano platense durante los '90, han afectado a la posición de productor.

Social cleavages and electoral support in Turkey -- toward convergence?

Studies on Western democracies have shown that deep-seated social cleavages stabilize the electoral behavior and thus reduce electoral volatility. But how do social cleavages affect a party system that is undergoing democratic consolidation, such as in Turkey? In this study, investigations were carried out on long- and short-term relationships between social cleavages (religiosity, ethnicity, and sectarism) and electoral volatility in Turkey during the 1961-2002 period. Cross-sectional multiple regressions were applied to electoral and demographic data at the provincial level. The results showed that in the long-term, social cleavages on the whole have increased volatility rather than reduced it. The cleavage-volatility relationship, however, has changed over time. Repeated elections have mitigated the volatile effect of social cleavages on the voting behavior, as political parties have become more representative of the existent social cleavages.

Chapter 5 Industrial Policy, Structure, and Locations during the Transition toward a Market-oriented Economy in Myanmar

This paper examines Myanmar's industrial policy, structure, and locations during the transition from a centrally planned economy to a market-oriented one throughout the 1990s and up to the present. After the military government assumed power in 1988, it abandoned the socialist centrally planned economic system and began instituting a market-oriented one through a series of liberalization and deregulation measures, although most of which have stalled since 1997 and remain half-way implemented. Against this background, it is rather surprising that the impact of these new policies of international trade, finance, regulations, licensing and ownership requirements on industrial structure and location in Myanmar has been poorly documented and examined to date. Some key issues to understanding the impact and effectiveness of the market-oriented policies during the last two decades in Myanmar remain to be answered: Have the new trade and industrial policies changed the industrial structure and organizational behavior in Myanmar? Have they improved the performance of Myanmar's industrial sector? Have they had any impact on industry location in Myanmar? This paper reviews the series of liberalization programs implemented under the military government?the State Law and Order Restoration Council (SLORC) and the State Peace and Development Council (SPDC)?and assesses their impact on industrial structure and its spatial distribution.

RECIPROCIDADE ENTRE INDIVÍDUO E ORGANIZAÇÃO E SEUS IMPACTOS SOBRE A SATISFAÇÃO E O COMPROMETIMENTO

Reciprocidade indivíduo-organização e afetividade são dois fenômenos presentes na vida organizacional e que se tornaram tópicos de pesquisa no campo de estudos do comportamento organizacional. Esse estudo teve como objetivo reforçar as evidências empíricas acerca das relações entre cognições de troca indivíduo-organização e afetividade no contexto de trabalho. Para tanto, foram submetidas à teste empírico cinco hipóteses inspiradas em um estudo inédito desenvolvido por Siqueira (2002b). Contou-se com a utilização de um questionário composto por cinco escalas validadas, referentes as variáveis do estudo, que avaliaram percepção de suporte organizacional (PSO), percepção de reciprocidade organizacional (PRO), comprometimento organizacional normativo (CON), satisfação no trabalho (STR) e comprometimento organizacional afetivo (COA). Participaram 275 profissionais, sendo 183 pertencentes ao setor administrativo e 92 ao setor administrativo-acadêmico de uma Instituição de Ensino Superior, situada na região do Grande ABCD Paulista e com inserção no estado de São Paulo. OS participantes do estudo tinham idade média de 32 anos, sendo a maioria (58,2%) do sexo feminino, com escolaridade em nível superior (39,6%) e tempo médio de trabalho na organização de quatro anos. Os dados coletados foram organizados em um banco de dados eletrônico para tratamento estatístico, quando se utilizou o aplicativo SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Scienses). Foram realizadas análises descritivas das variáveis e análises de correlação e de regressão múltipla para os testes das cinco hipóteses. Todas as hipóteses foram confirmadas. Conclui-se então, que o presente estudo reforça as proposições de Siqueira (2002b) acerca da pertinência de se considerar os três conceitos analisados (PSO, PRO E CON) como integrantes do esquema mental de reciprocidade. Ainda, os resultados do estudo reafirmam as evidências acerca da capacidade preditiva do EMR sobre satisfação no trabalho e comprometimento organizacional afetivo. Por fim, a análise dos dados aponta percepção de suporte organizacional como sendo o componente cognitivo do EMR com maior poder de influência sobre satisfação no trabalho e comprometimento organizacional afetivo. Portanto, cognições acerca das relações de troca social com organizações antecedem satisfação e comprometimento afetivo que, por sua vez, são importantes fatores a favor da organização, contribuindo para sua efetividade.

RECIPROCIDADE ENTRE INDIVÍDUO E ORGANIZAÇÃO E SEUS IMPACTOS SOBRE A SATISFAÇÃO E O COMPROMETIMENTO

Reciprocidade indivíduo-organização e afetividade são dois fenômenos presentes na vida organizacional e que se tornaram tópicos de pesquisa no campo de estudos do comportamento organizacional. Esse estudo teve como objetivo reforçar as evidências empíricas acerca das relações entre cognições de troca indivíduo-organização e afetividade no contexto de trabalho. Para tanto, foram submetidas à teste empírico cinco hipóteses inspiradas em um estudo inédito desenvolvido por Siqueira (2002b). Contou-se com a utilização de um questionário composto por cinco escalas validadas, referentes as variáveis do estudo, que avaliaram percepção de suporte organizacional (PSO), percepção de reciprocidade organizacional (PRO), comprometimento organizacional normativo (CON), satisfação no trabalho (STR) e comprometimento organizacional afetivo (COA). Participaram 275 profissionais, sendo 183 pertencentes ao setor administrativo e 92 ao setor administrativo-acadêmico de uma Instituição de Ensino Superior, situada na região do Grande ABCD Paulista e com inserção no estado de São Paulo. OS participantes do estudo tinham idade média de 32 anos, sendo a maioria (58,2%) do sexo feminino, com escolaridade em nível superior (39,6%) e tempo médio de trabalho na organização de quatro anos. Os dados coletados foram organizados em um banco de dados eletrônico para tratamento estatístico, quando se utilizou o aplicativo SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Scienses). Foram realizadas análises descritivas das variáveis e análises de correlação e de regressão múltipla para os testes das cinco hipóteses. Todas as hipóteses foram confirmadas. Conclui-se então, que o presente estudo reforça as proposições de Siqueira (2002b) acerca da pertinência de se considerar os três conceitos analisados (PSO, PRO E CON) como integrantes do esquema mental de reciprocidade. Ainda, os resultados do estudo reafirmam as evidências acerca da capacidade preditiva do EMR sobre satisfação no trabalho e comprometimento organizacional afetivo. Por fim, a análise dos dados aponta percepção de suporte organizacional como sendo o componente cognitivo do EMR com maior poder de influência sobre satisfação no trabalho e comprometimento organizacional afetivo. Portanto, cognições acerca das relações de troca social com organizações antecedem satisfação e comprometimento afetivo que, por sua vez, são importantes fatores a favor da organização, contribuindo para sua efetividade.

Be Careful Where You Smile : Culture Shapes Judgments of Intelligence and Honesty of Smiling Individuals

We thank all the supporting team-members involved in the translation procedures and data collections. Research was supported by the Polish NCN Grant 2011/03/N/HS6/05112 (K.K.) and Chinese NNSF Grant 31200788 (C.X).

Common endocrine and genetic mechanisms of behavioral development in male and worker honey bees and the evolution of division of labor.

Temporal polyethism is a highly derived form of behavioral development displayed by social insects. Hormonal and genetic mechanisms regulating temporal polyethism in worker honey bees have been identified, but the evolution of these mechanisms is not well understood. We performed three experiments with male honey bees (drones) to investigate how mechanisms regulating temporal polyethism may have evolved because, relative to workers, drones display an intriguing combination of similarities and differences in behavioral development. We report that behavioral development in drones is regulated by mechanisms common to workers. In experiment 1, drones treated with the juvenile hormone (JH) analog methoprene started flying at significantly younger ages than did control drones, as is the case for workers. In experiment 2, there was an age-related increase in JH associated with the onset of drone flight, as in workers. In experiment 3, drones derived from workers with fast rates of behavioral development themselves started flying at younger ages than drones derived from workers with slower rates of behavioral development. These results suggest that endocrine and genetic mechanisms associated with temporal polyethism did not evolve strictly within the context of worker social behavior.

Molecular phylogeny analysis of fiddler crabs: test of the hypothesis of increasing behavioral complexity in evolution.

The current phylogenetic hypothesis for the evolution and biogeography of fiddler crabs relies on the assumption that complex behavioral traits are assumed to also be evolutionary derived. Indo-west Pacific fiddler crabs have simpler reproductive social behavior and are more marine and were thought to be ancestral to the more behaviorally complex and more terrestrial American species. It was also hypothesized that the evolution of more complex social and reproductive behavior was associated with the colonization of the higher intertidal zones. Our phylogenetic analysis, based upon a set of independent molecular characters, however, demonstrates how widely entrenched ideas about evolution and biogeography led to a reasonable, but apparently incorrect, conclusion about the evolutionary trends within this pantropical group of crustaceans. Species bearing the set of "derived traits" are phylogenetically ancestral, suggesting an alternative evolutionary scenario: the evolution of reproductive behavioral complexity in fiddler crabs may have arisen multiple times during their evolution. The evolution of behavioral complexity may have arisen by coopting of a series of other adaptations for high intertidal living and antipredator escape. A calibration of rates of molecular evolution from populations on either side of the Isthmus of Panama suggest a sequence divergence rate for 16S rRNA of 0.9% per million years. The divergence between the ancestral clade and derived forms is estimated to be approximately 22 million years ago, whereas the divergence between the American and Indo-west Pacific is estimated to be approximately 17 million years ago.

Cross-Disciplinary Collaboration Behavior of Practitioners in the Treatment of Anxiety Disorders

Current research on the collaborative behaviors of conventional and alternative health care providers for the treatment of anxiety is lacking. While there are multiple studies looking at alternative health care integration into primary care, none of them look at anxiety specifically. The purpose of this paper is to provide a preliminary exploration of possible barriers to collaboration between conventional and alternative health care providers for the treatment of anxiety. Quantitative data on collaboration behavior patterns were obtained with an anonymous survey. Data from the surveys were analyzed using a chi-square analysis. Along with these numerical data narrative data from the survey and interviews were collected in order to assess beliefs about the barriers to collaboration from different health care providers. The results indicate that conventional providers collaborate the least with alternative providers and alternative providers collaborate the least with conventional providers. The descriptive results regarding the barriers to collaboration from the study illustrated a common theme, specifically, the lack of education of conventional providers on alternative health care practices on anxiety. This is an exploratory study: therefore it would be beneficial for future researchers to look deeper into the beliefs of health care providers on the barriers to collaboration, possibly identifying the specific barriers to collaboration for each type of healthcare provider.

Correlates of Program Completion in Juvenile Diversion

The current study evaluated the State Juvenile Diversion Program, managed by the District Attorney’s (DA) office in Denver Colorado. The purpose of this study was to review factors, which potentially contribute to success or failure in diversion. Research in diversion programing typically focuses on recidivism rates, but fails to examine which factors contribute to program completion. The analysis was conducted using data from 57 juveniles who entered the DA diversion program in 2015. This represents the majority of juveniles in the diversion program rather than a sample. The current study confirmed prior research findings that those juveniles who do not successfully complete a diversion program are more likely to reoffend. Additionally, the factors which were significantly correlated with successful completion of the diversion program were grade point average (GPA) and number of municipal tickets. The number of behavior reports in school before and after the Diversion program was significantly lower for both groups. Non-significant findings are also discussed as they may help guide future research.

Subclinical social anxiety and academic performance in adolescence: analysis of theoretical and practical implications

This study analyses the relationship between self-reported social anxiety and academic performance in a sample of 1,616 Spanish students (52.1% males) in compulsory secondary education, aged 12 to 16 years old. Social anxiety was assessed by the Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory (SPAI) and academic performance was measured with school grades and failing grades. Results reveal that adolescents with social anxiety show a similar academic performance to adolescents without social anxiety. Although t tests found some significant differences in academic grades and number of failing grades, the effect size analysis showed that these differences had no empirical relevance. These findings are discussed considering the gender and grade levels and their theoretical and practical implication.

Face Your Fears: Cleaning Gobies Inspect Predators despite Being Stressed by Them

social stressors typically elicit two distinct behavioural responses in vertebrates: an active response (i.e., "fight or flight") or behavioural inhibition (i.e., freezing). Here, we report an interesting exception to this dichotomy in a Caribbean cleaner fish, which interacts with a wide variety of reef fish clients, including predatory species. Cleaning gobies appraise predatory clients as potential threat and become stressed in their presence, as evidenced by their higher cortisol levels when exposed to predatory rather than to non-predatory clients. Nevertheless, cleaning gobies neither flee nor freeze in response to dangerous clients but instead approach predators faster (both in captivity and in the wild), and interact longer with these clients than with non-predatory clients (in the wild). We hypothesise that cleaners interrupt the potentially harmful physiological consequences elicited by predatory clients by becoming increasingly proactive and by reducing the time elapsed between client approach and the start of the interaction process. The activation of a stress response may therefore also be responsible for the longer cleaning service provided by these cleaners to predatory clients in the wild. Future experimental studies may reveal similar patterns in other social vertebrate species when, for instance, individuals approach an opponent for reconciliation after a conflict.

The influence of parent's body mass index on peer selection: An experimental approach using virtual reality

Relatively little is known about the influence of psychosocial factors, such as familial role modeling and social network on the development and maintenance of childhood obesity. We investigated peer se- lection using an immersive virtual reality environment. In a virtual schoolyard, children were confronted with normal weight and overweight avatars either eating or playing. Fifty-seven children aged 7–13 participated. Interpersonal distance to the avatars, child's BMI, self-perception, eating behavior and parental BMI were assessed. Parental BMI was the strongest predictor for the children's minimal distance to the avatars. Specifically, a higher mothers' BMI was associated with greater interpersonal distance and children approached closer to overweight eating avatars. A higher father's BMI was associated with a lower interpersonal distance to the avatars. These children approached normal weight playing and overweight eating avatar peers closest. The importance of parental BMI for the child's social approach/ avoidance behavior can be explained through social modeling mechanisms. Differential effects of pa- ternal and maternal BMI might be due to gender specific beauty ideals. Interventions to promote social interaction with peer groups could foster weight stabilization or weight loss in children.

Social organization under stress; a sociological review of disaster studies.

Microfilm-xerography reprint. Ann Arbor, Mich., University Microfilms, 1975.

Social and psychological factors in human stress / J. E. McGrath, principal investigator.

Photocopy. Springfield, Va. : National Technical Information Service, U.S. Dept. of Commerce, 1971.