The effect of follicle age on pregnancy rate in beef cows

The effect of the age of the ovulatory follicle on fertility in beef cows was investigated. Multiparous (n = 171) and primiparous (n = 129) postpartum beef cows in 2 groups (G1 and G2) received estradiol benzoate (EB; 1 mg/500 kg BW, intramuscular [i.m.]) 5.5 d (G1; n = 162) and 6.5 d (G2; n = 138) after the final GnRH of a synchronization program (5d CO-Synch + CIDR) to induce emergence of a new follicular wave (NFW), followed by prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha; 25 mg, i.m.) administration either 5.5 d (young follicle, YF; n = 155) or 9.5 d (mature follicle, MF; n = 145) after EB. Estrous detection coupled with AI 12 h later (estrus-AI) was performed for 60 h (MF) and 84 h (YF) after PGF(2 alpha); cows not detected in estrus within this period received timed AI (TAI) coupled with GnRH at 72 and 96 h, respectively. Within the first 72 h after PGF(2 alpha), more (P < 0.01) cows in the MF (76.3%) than YF treatment (47.7%) exhibited estrus, but through 96 h, the proportion detected in estrus (P < 0.05) and interval from PGF(2 alpha) to estrus (P < 0.01) were greater in the YF than MF treatment (88.6% vs. 76.3%, 78.9 +/- 0.8 vs. 57.5 +/- 1.6 h, respectively). Age of the ovulatory follicle at AI was greater (P < 0.01) in the MF (9.32 +/- 0.04 d) than YF (6.26 +/- 0.02 d) treatment, but follicle diameter at AI and pregnancy rates did not differ between MF (13.1 +/- 0.2 mm; 72.0%) and YF (12.9 +/- 0.1 mm; 67.1%) treatments. Regardless of treatment, the diameter of the ovulatory follicle at AI and pregnancy rate were greater (P < 0.01) with estrus-AI (13.1 +/- 0.1 mm; 75.0%) than TAI (12.6 +/- 0.2 mm; 55.4%). Cows in the MF treatment that initiated a second NFW after EB but before PGF(2 alpha) (MF2; n = 47) were induced to ovulate with GnRH and TAI at 72h, when ovulatory follicles were 4 d old and 10.2 +/- 0.2 mm in diameter. Pregnancy rate for TAI (51.1%) in MF2 did not differ from TAI pregnancy rate (55.4%) across the MF and YF treatments. In summary, the age of the ovulatory follicle affected interval to estrus and AI but did not influence pregnancy rate in suckled beef cows.

Performance Analysis of MODIS 500-m Spatial Resolution Products for Estimating Chlorophyll-a Concentrations in Oligo-to Meso-Trophic Waters Case Study: Itumbiara Reservoir, Brazil

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Nematode resistance to ivermectin (630 and 700 mu g/kg) in cattle from the Southeast and South of Brazil

Two high doses of ivermectin (630 mu g/kg and 700 mu g/kg) that are sold commercially in Brazil were evaluated in dose-and-slaughter trials with 144 naturally nematode-infected cattle from eight regions within the states of Minas Gerias, Sao Paulo and Rio Grande do Sul in Brazil. Treatment groups were based on fecal egg counts 1, 2, and 3 days before treatment; all animals studied had a minimum egg count of at least 500 eggs per gram of feces (EPG). Post-mortem analyses were conducted on day 14. The highest levels of resistance to ivermectin were found for Haemonchus placei, Cooperia punctata and Oesophagostomum radiatum; all populations of H. placei were resistant to the 630 mu g/kg dose, and 67% were resistant to 700 mu g/kg; 86% of C. punctata were resistant to the 630 mu g/kg dose, and 33% were resistant to 700 mu g/kg. A combined analysis revealed that 57% of O. radiatum were resistant to the lower dose of ivermectin. H. placei, C. punctata and O. radiatum, in order, were the nematode populations with the highest indices of resistance, whereas Trichostrongylus axei was the most susceptible to 630 and 700 mu g/kg dosages of ivermectin. The results of helminthic resistance to ivermectin for different populations of H. placei and C. punctata described in the present study support previous literature data, in which a small decrease in the average parasitic burden of C. punctata and a consequent increase of H. placei were observed in cattle from the Southeast, South and Center-West regions of Brazil. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Measurements of labile Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn levels at a northeastern Brazilian coastal area under the influence of oil production with diffusive gradients in thin films technique (DGT)

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Longitudinal evaluation of fluoride levels in nails of 18-30-month-old children that were using toothpastes with 500 and 1100 mu g F/g

ObjectivesThis study aimed to evaluate the fluoride concentration in the fingernails and toenails of children aged 18-30months during use of fluoride-containing toothpastes supplemented with calcium glycerophosphate (CaGP) or sodium trimetaphosphate (TMP).MethodsAccording to the toothpaste used, children (n=56) were randomly assigned into three groups: 500gF/g with 1% TMP, 500gF/g with 0.25% CaGP, and 1100gF/g. Fingernails and toenails were collected monthly over a period of 330days, from the beginning of toothpaste use. Fluoride concentration in the water consumed by the volunteers and fluoride intake from diet and toothpaste were also determined. Fluoride analyses were performed with the electrode after hexamethyldisiloxane-facilitated diffusion or by the direct method, according to the samples. Data passed normality and homoscedasticity tests and were analyzed by 2-way analysis of variance (anova) and 1-way anova followed by Student-Newman-Keuls test (P<0.05).ResultsFluoride levels in the fingernails and toenails as well as fluoride intake from toothpaste were similar for the groups treated with 500gF/g with 1% TMP and 500gF/g with 0.25% CaGP toothpastes, but significantly lower than the 1100 gF/g group (P<0.05). No significant differences were noted among the groups regarding fluoride intake from diet and that by water consumed by the volunteers (P>0.05).ConclusionThe results of the longitudinal study suggest that the level of fluoride present in nails was lower with the use of toothpastes with a low fluoride concentration.

Estudo da toxicidade de diferentes doses do Diuron (3-(3,4 -dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea) no epitélio da bexiga de ratos wistas machos por microscopia eletrônica de varredura

Diuron (3-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea) is a substituted urea herbicide widely used on agricultural crops such as soy, cotton and sugar cane. In a previous long-term study this herbicide exerted carcinogenic activity on the urinary bladder and renal pelvis mucosa of Wistar rats and breast of mice. Also, it was shown to be carcinogenic to the mice skin in a initiation-promotion assay. In 1997, the northamerican EPA evaluated Diuron as a “known/likely” carcinogen for humans (USEPA, 2004). In a previous study developed at this laboratory, male Wistar rats treated with Diuron 2500 ppm during 20 weeks presented increased indices of cell proliferation and incidences of simple urothelial hyperplasia (HS) in the urinary bladder. Under scanning electron microscopy (SEM) severe urothelial necrosis and hyperplasia were observed. However, in that study the urinary bladders of animals exposed to lower doses of Diuron were not examined under SEM. Therefore, the possible dose-response influence of Diuron on the urothelium under SEM is not known. The present study aimed to analyze under SEM the urinary bladder of male Wistar rats exposed to 125 ppm, 500 ppm and 2500 ppm doses of Diuron through diet during 20 weeks and to compare to the previous histological findings in the same material. Under SEM, 125 ppm and 2500 ppm groups presented significantly (p<0,05) increased incidences of simple hyperplasia, i.e., 7/10 and 8/10 respectively, compared to control group and the 500 ppm group The sensitivity of SEM was higher since it detected a 45% incidence of hyperplasiaswhile the histological analysis found only 27%. Considering SEM as the gold-standard, histology showed a 44% sensitivity, 86.4% specificity, a positive predictive value of 72,7% and negative predictive value of 65,5% and accuracy of 67,5%. Scanning Electron Microscopy...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Anotação de 500 ESTs da saúva Atta laevigata

Leaf-cutting ants belonging to the genus Atta occur from the tropical to subtropical regions of the Americas. These insects are considered pests because they cause serious damage in agricultural areas. Among these, stands out Atta laevigata, species which the colony requires a huge amount of leaves to grow its symbiotic fungus which is the main food source of the nest. Thus, the study of the transcriptome of these ants becomes a useful tool, because it is possible to identify proteins potentially involved with their skills as insect pests and also those related to differences between the varieties present in the nests. In the present study we described results of the partial analysis of the transcriptome of the leaf-cutting ant pest A. laevigata, from cDNA sequences previously generated in the Laboratory of Evolution and Molecular (LEM). The results may also be used for molecular, ecological, metabolic and evolutionary studies about ants, and heterologous expression of important proteins as molecular targets for the control of some leafcutting agricultural pests.

Oferta educacional em creches: análise das parcerias público-privadas nos municípios paulistas com mais de 500.000 habitantes

Este trabalho tem por tema os contornos institucionais gerados nas parcerias entre os setores público e privado na oferta educacional em creches nos municípios paulistas com mais de 500.000 habitantes, classificados como muito grandes e metropolitanos no Censo de 2000. Para isto, fez-se necessário identificar, caracterizar e analisar os contornos que vêm sendo gerados a partir dos convênios firmados entre o Poder Público Municipal e instituições privadas para oferta educacional em creches. O período considerado para o presente estudo foi entre 2000 e 2009. O início do período em 2000 se justifica pelo prazo final estabelecido pela LDB 9394/96, para integração das creches aos respectivos sistemas de ensino ser dezembro de 1999. Já o término do período em 2009 possibilita identificar alterações nas matrículas em creches após a instituição do FUNDEB. Assim, utilizamos como procedimento teórico-metodológico o levantamento e análise bibliográfica, contatos telefônicos diretos com os gestores municipais para coletar informações sobre as parcerias, dados disponibilizados no Banco de Dados do Grupo de Estudos e Pesquisas em Política Educacional (Greppe), sites oficiais dos municípios e sites governamentais. Constitui-se, este trabalho, como parte integrante da pesquisa “Oferta Educacional nas creches: Arranjos Institucionais entre o Público e o Privado” financiada pelo CNPq e coordenada pela Profª Drª Raquel Fontes Borghi. O estudo realizado nos permitiu identificar e analisar diferentes arranjos institucionais gerados entre o Poder Público Municipal com instituições privadas. Também, permitiu observar, que após a implantação do FUNDEB, a tendência nas matrículas é de crescimento nas creches, tanto na rede pública quanto na rede privada, e nas préescolas da rede privada. Já nas pré-escolas municipais a tendência é de oscilação nas matrículas

Oferta educacional nas creches e parcerias público-privado nos municípios paulistas de 100.000 a 500.000 habitantes

Este trabalho, financiado pela Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (Fapesp), identifica, caracteriza e analisa, no conjunto dos municípios paulistas de 100.000 a 500.000 habitantes, os diferentes arranjos institucionais firmados entre o Poder Público Municipal e instituições privadas para a oferta educacional em creches, bem como verificar as implicações do FUNDEB - Fundo de Manutenção e Desenvolvimento da Educação Básica e de Valorização dos Profissionais da Educação - na performance das matrículas na educação infantil da rede pública e privada. O período considerado para o presente estudo foi entre 2000 e 2009. O início do período em 2000 se justifica pelo prazo final estabelecido pela LDB 9394/96 para integração das creches aos respectivos sistemas de ensino ser dezembro de 1999. Já o término do período em 2009 possibilita identificar alterações nas matrículas em creches após a instituição do FUNDEB. Desta forma utilizamos como procedimento teórico-metodológico o levantamento e análise bibliográfica, contatos telefônicos diretos com os gestores municipais para coletar informações sobre as parcerias, dados disponibilizados no Banco de Dados do Grupo de Estudos e Pesquisas em Política Educacional (GREPPE), sites oficiais dos municípios e sites governamentais. Constitui-se este trabalho como parte integrante da pesquisa “Oferta Educacional nas creches: Arranjos Institucionais entre o Público e o Privado” financiada pelo CNPq e coordenada pela Profª Drª Raquel Fontes Borghi. O estudo realizado nos permitiu observar diferentes arranjos institucionais entre o Poder Público Municipal com instituições privadas, sendo visível a expansão de parcerias com instituições privadas com fins lucrativos... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)

Resposta endometrial de jumentas (Equus asinus) da raça Pêga ao sêmen fresco, extendido e congelado de jumento

Pós-graduação em Cirurgia Veterinária - FCAV

Condições higiênico-sanitárias e de manejo de rebanhos leiteiros correlacionados à qualidade do leite cru refrigerado

Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária - FCAV

Expressão imuno-histoquímica de KI-67, COX-2, MMP-9 e P53 nos tumores testiculares caninos

Pós-graduação em Ciência Animal - FMVA

Susceptibility of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus to ivermectin (200, 500 and 630 mu g/kg) in field studies in Brazil

The present study aimed to determine the susceptibility of 17 Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus populations, originating in the Southeast and Southern regions of Brazil, to different ivermectin concentrations (200, 500 and 630 mu g/kg), administered through subcutaneous or topical (pour-on) routes. R. (B.) microplus populations from the states of Minas Gerais (seven populations), Sao Paulo (seven populations) and Parana (three populations) were chosen for the tests. The selected cattle were allocated to treatment groups on day 0, and block formation was based on the arithmetic mean of female ticks (4.5-8.0 mm long) counted on three consecutive days (-3, -2 and -1). To evaluate the therapeutic and residual efficacies of these formulations, tick counts (females ranging from 4.5 to 8.0 mm long) were performed on days 3,7 and 14 post-treatment, and continued on a weekly basis thereafter until the end of each experiment. The results obtained throughout this study, utilizing field efficacy studies, allowed us to conclude that the resistance of R. (B.) microplus against 200 and 500 mu g/kg ivermectin is widely disseminated because all tick populations that had contact with these specific concentrations were diagnosed as resistant. However, it is possible to infer that R. (B.) microplus resistance against 630 mu g/kg ivermectin was also widespread, diagnosed at six of ten analyzed properties. Resistance of these ectoparasites to 630 mu g/kg ivermectin is most likely emerging in three other populations of R. (B.) microplus. Strategies of resistance management need to be quickly determined to keep the selection pressure at a minimum level in Brazil. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Weight Training, Aerobic Physical Activities, and Long-Term Waist Circumference Change in Men

ObjectiveFindings on weight training and waist circumference (WC) change are controversial. This study examined prospectively whether weight training, moderate to vigorous aerobic activity (MVAA), and replacement of one activity for another were associated with favorable changes in WC and body weight (BW).MethodsPhysical activity, WC, and BW were reported in 1996 and 2008 in a cohort of 10,500 healthy U.S. men in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study. Multiple linear regression models (partition/substitution) to assess these associations were used.ResultsAfter adjusting for potential confounders, a significant inverse dose-response relationship between weight training and WC change (P-trend<0.001) was observed. Less age-associated WC increase was seen with a 20-min/day activity increase; this benefit was significantly stronger for weight training (-0.67 cm, 95% CI -0.93, -0.41) than for MVAA (-0.33 cm, 95% CI -0.40, -0.27), other activities (-0.16 cm, 95% CI -0.28, -0.03), or TV watching (0.08 cm, 95% CI 0.05, 0.12). Substituting 20 min/day of weight training for any other discretionary activity had the strongest inverse association with WC change. MVAA had the strongest inverse association with BW change (-0.23 kg, 95% CI -0.29, -0.17).ConclusionsAmong various activities, weight training had the strongest association with less WC increase. Studies on frequency/volume of weight training and WC change are warranted.

Eficácia do levamisol como imunoestimulante, redutor de estresse e antiparasitário no pacu

Pós-graduação em Aquicultura - FCAV