995 resultados para 216


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Within the transport model IBUU04, we investigate the double neutron/proton ratio of free nucleons taken from two reaction systems using two Sn isotopes at the beam energy of 50MeV/nucleon and with the impact parameters 2 fm, 4 fm and 8 fm, respectively. It is found that the double neutron/proton ratio from peripheral collisions is more sensitive to the density dependence of the symmetry energy than those from mid-central and central collisions.

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以低剂量γ射线(0.05Gy)预照射人肝癌细胞hepG2,8h后再用高剂量(3Gy)照射,测定了细胞的克隆存活率和细胞周期。结果表明,低剂量辐射预处理可诱导hepG2细胞产生克隆存活适应性反应,并且有助于细胞通过G2/M期阻滞;低剂量辐射诱导的克隆存活适应性反应与增强的通过细胞周期阻滞的能力之间有一定的相关性。

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用1.755GeV136Xe离子在真空室温环境下辐照叠层聚酰亚胺薄膜,通过红外和紫外光谱测量研究了高电子能损离子辐照引起的化学降解及炔基产生效应。红外测量结果表明,典型官能团随辐照注量的增加指数降解,且径迹芯中所有官能团均遭到破坏,对应8.8(最小能损,第一层)和11.5keV/nm(最大能损,第五层)电子能损,136Xe辐照聚酰亚胺的平均降解半径分别为3.6和4.1nm。而相应能损条件下炔基的生成截面分别为5.6和5.9nm大于官能团的降解截面。紫外结果表明辐照引起的吸光度的改变随辐照注量线性增加,发色团的产生效率随电子能损的增大而增加。

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Tumor radiotherapy was a promising modality and over 100 years. Beams of heavy-charged particles show high RBE advantages and become the optimum tool for tumors therapy. Newly, along with the development of accelerators, scintillators, micro-electronics and computers, the heavy ion tumor therapy has been recognized more and developed.

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Isospin asymmetry is very important in the nuclear equation of state (EOS), isotope yield from the projectile fragments can give information of the reaction process. In this paper projectile fragment yields are measured in the collision Ar-36,Ar-40 + Ni-64 at incident energy 50 MeV/u with different isospin asymmetry project Ar-36,Ar-40, data analysis, particle identification and event selection are described. Isotope yields are compared in these two reactions, and axe also compared with the empirical parametrization of fragmentation cross-section calculated by EPAX.

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中子墙是HIRFL-CSRm加速器系统CSRm外靶实验装置中的关键设备,采用飞行时间法探测中子物质。为满足物理目标的要求,中子墙要对中子有高的探测效率(>90% @ 1 GeV)和好的能量分辨(δE/E<5%)。基于Geant4模拟计算,中子墙被设计为由36闪烁体单元和216量能器单元构成,所有单元分14层,每层18个单元,相邻层垂直排列。闪烁体单元尺寸分为1500(长)×80(宽)×80(厚) mm3,量能器单元为1500×80×70 mm3。其中量能器单元由5层10 mm厚和4层4 mm厚的钢板及2层2 mm厚钢板(最外两层)相间组成,5层晶体耦合到一个光导。信号从单元两端由滨松公司生产的R7724光倍管读出。在探测单元的研制中,重点研究了晶体包装材料、晶体与光导以及光导与光电倍增管间的光学耦合等关键问题。利用宇宙射线对模型单元进行了测试,研制的闪烁体单元和量能器单元平均时间分辨()分别好于80ps和100ps。建立了中子墙单元模拟程序,模拟了宇宙射线粒子入射到探测器单元中光子产生、传播以及光倍管对光子的响应和信号处理的全过程,模拟结果与测试结果有较好符合。基于此,进一步模拟了单元对中子入射的响应,估算了中子墙对不同能量中子的探测效率(>90% @ 1 GeV)和能量分辨(δE/E<5%)。为提高在中子墙建造过程中对所组装的探测单元进行检验和测试的效率,建立了多单元同时测试的宇宙线测试平台。基于此平台,不仅可以测量光输出和时间分辨,还可以得到被测单元的光传输衰减长度。建立了一套光学刻度系统,用于中子墙实验运行中的刻度和工作状态监测。本论文工作确保了中子墙建成后将达到设计指标、满足实验要求,论文工作中积累的经验和获得的知识为中子墙的制造完成以及运行奠定了坚实的基础

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高电荷态离子与固体表面相互作用的研究是目前国际上广受关注的热点研究领域之一。本论文详细介绍了在兰州重离子加速器国家实验室ECR离子源上建成的高电荷态离子表面物理实验平台;着重叙述了在实验平台上完成的高电荷态离子在固体表面引起的离子溅射和电子发射的研究。我们用初动能Ek=216~720keV的高电荷态Pb36+离子和初动能为Ek=144~288keV的Arq+(q =11~16)离子以不同入射角度(Ψ=15º~80º)作用于Nb、Si和SiO2表面,通过研究离子溅射产额与入射离子初动能、势能(电荷态)和入射角度的关系,得到了以下结论:离子溅射产额与炮弹离子的势能沉积和动能作用有关;对Ar离子,电荷态从11增加到16时,离子溅射产额是随之增长的。而对Pb36+离子,表面离子溅射产额随入射离子初动能的变化关系跟核阻止能损随入射离子初动能的变化关系是一致的,离子溅射产额与核阻止能损是线性相关的。认为高电荷态引发的表面离子溅射过程是势能沉积作用与线性级联碰撞过程协同作用的结果。我们还测量了Heq+(q=1,2, Ek=12keV~48keV),Neq+(q=2~8, Ek=18~192keV),Arq+(q=3~12, Ek=72keV)离子垂直作用于Si, W, Au表面产生的电子发射产额。得到了纯粹势能电子发射产额与入射离子势能的定量关系,势能电子产额随入射离子势能的增加而线性增加,势能每增加1eV,单离子电子发射产额增加0.0088(以初动能为42keV的Neq+入射到W表面为例)。势能电子发射增量跟靶的性质有关,W表面对势能变化的响应最剧烈,其次是Si表面。通过引入纯粹动能电子产额与电子能损的比值B分析和研究了动能电子发射,随着入射离子原子序数和初动能的增加,B因子有缓慢降低的趋势;B因子与靶材料密切相关,Au靶的B因子明显大于Si靶和W靶;我们还首次把B因子的研究扩展到高电荷态离子领域,认为B因子与入射离子的势能(电荷态)无关

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高剂量电离辐射对健康造成危害,这一点是比较肯定的,而目前人们更关心的是低剂量辐射的健康风险问题。由于缺乏直接的研究数据,低剂量辐射的效应最初是根据线性无闰(LNT)假说推测出来的,推测结果认为任何程度的辐射,无论剂量有多小,对健康都是有害的。但是,LNT假说从提出之日起就受到质疑。近20年的大量实验研究揭示,低剂量辐射可诱导机体和细胞的兴奋效应,低剂量辐射使细胞恶性转化或人群癌症发生率下降,低剂量辐射预先作用减轻继后高剂量照射所造成的有害效应。目前,人们已尝试性地将低剂量辐射效应应用于肿瘤的治疗。本工作以60C0Y射线(0.3oG到min)对肿瘤细胞进行不同的照射:A,假照射,B,scGy照射,c,scGy照射后4h或8h再以3Gy照射,D,3Gy照射。照射后测定细胞周期和克隆存活率。分析了scGyY射线对不同肿瘤细胞细胞周期的影响,scGyY射线诱导的克隆存活适应性反应与细胞周期阻滞适应性反应之间的相关性。最后讨论了本研究结果在肿瘤放射治疗中的潜在应用。本工作结果总结如下:1,scGy丫射线引起hepGZ、HeLa、sMMc-7721和Ho-8910细胞在GZ脑期发生短暂延迟(大致到辐射后4小时),说明细胞周期检查点对损伤非常敏感,很低剂量的辐射即可使之激活。在经过短暂的延迟之后,hePGZ细胞的生长明显加快,照射后24h和48h的相对细胞数分别是对照的124%和216%。结果表明scGy7射线能促进hePGZ细胞的生长。2.3Gyy射线照射后,hepGZ、sMMc-7721和Ho-8910细胞的GZ/M期细胞明显累积,并在照射后12h达到最大值,S期细胞在辐射后6h有一显著累积,此后下降至对照水平。3Gγ照射后的18h内,HeL。细胞的GZ/M期细胞和S期细胞均明显累积。结果表明,3Gyγ射线照射后,hePGZ、sMMc-7721和HO-8910细胞发生GZ/M阻滞,S期短暂延迟,而HeLa细胞的GZ/M期和S期均发生较长时间的延迟,说明HeLa细胞的辐射敏感性和其他三种细胞不一样。这一结果对肿瘤的放射治疗有参考价值。3.在3GyY射线照射之前4h预先照射scGy可使hePGZ和L02细胞在GZ/M期进一步累积,而对HeLa细胞的周期分布没有明显影响,这一结果也说明HeLa细胞的辐射敏感性与其他细胞有差异。4.在3Gyγ射线照射之前8h预先照射scGy可以促进hePGZ细胞通过GZ/M期阻滞。无论两次辐射之间的间隔为4h还是8h,预照射均可诱导hePGZ细胞克降存活适应性反应。这些结果表明,克隆存活适应性反应和细胞周期阻滞适应性反应不是同步出现的,说明克隆存活适应性反应的产生可能并不一定需要细胞从阻滞状态中的恢复,因此,推测这两个方面的适应性反应有一定联系但没有必然相关性。

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有机聚合物和石油烃类物质是稠油废水中的主要污染物.应用辽河油田锦采污水处理厂稠油废水中筛选分离出的菌株B0501,分析其在稠油废水生物处理过程中对废水CODCr的去除作用,研究了不同温度,pH,水力停留时间以及添加氮、磷营养盐等条件下微生物对废水CODCr去除的影响.结果表明:稠油废水中投加的外源微生物B0501提高了废水中CODCr的去除率;接种后,废水在30℃,pH为7.5,水力停留时间为216 h,添加氮、磷营养盐(ρ(氮)/ρ(磷)为5.63)的条件下,废水CODCr去除率大幅度提高,其ρ(CODCr)满足国家污水综合排放一级标准(GB 8798-1996).经形态观察和生理生化反应鉴定,菌株B0501为液化金杆菌(Aureobaterium liquefaciens).

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Direct conversion of methane into hydrogen and valuable chemicals under nonoxidative conditions is a process severely limited thermodynamically. However, the movement from the present era of fossil fuels into the coming hydrogen energy age makes it an interesting and important approach compared with the direct conversion of methane under the aid of oxidants. This paper gives a brief overview of the direct conversion of CH4 under nonoxidative conditions. At the same time, our understanding of methane dehydroaromatization over Mo/HZSM-5 catalysts for the simultaneous formation of hydrogen and light aromatics is discussed in general, while the bifunctionality of Mo/HZSM-5 catalysts and the role of carbonaceous deposits formed during the reaction are reviewed in more detail. A perspective of the topic from both academic points of view and potential industrial applications is also presented. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.

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Isolated transition metal ions/oxides in molecular sieves and on surfaces are a class of active sites for selective oxidation of hydrocarbons. Identifying the active sites and their coordination structure is vital to understanding their essential role played in catalysis and designing and synthesizing more active and selective catalysts. The isolated transition metal ions in the framework of molecular sieves (e.g., TS-1, Fe-ZSM-5, and V-MCM-41) or on the surface of oxides (e.g., MoO3/Al2O3 and TiO2/SiO2) were successfully identified by UV resonance Raman spectroscopy. The charge transfer transitions between the transition metal ions and the oxygen anions are excited by a UV laser and consequently the UV resonance Raman effect greatly enhances the Raman signals of the isolated transition metal ions. The local coordination of these ions in the rigid framework of molecular sieves or in the relatively flexible structure on the surface can also be differentiated by the shifts of the resonance Raman bands. The relative concentration of the isolated transition metal ion/oxides could be estimated by the intensity ratio of Raman bands. This study demonstrates that the UV resonance Raman spectroscopy is a general technique that can be widely applied to the in-situ characterization of catalyst synthesis and catalytic reactions. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.