Diferentes fontes de carboidratos em rações para leitões desmamados com diferentes pesos: pH e microbiota do trato gastrintestinal

Forty eight piglets from a commercial strain weaned at an average age of 21 days were used in order to evaluate effects of carbohydrates sources (lactose or maltodextrin) and the weights of piglets at weaning on the stomach pH, colon and rectum contents, and the amount of total coliform, Escherichia coli and Lactobacillus spp in digesta of ileum and cecum. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design and analyzed in split plot, considering class of weight and carbohydrates as main plots and the slaughter age of animal as sub-plots. The stomach pH and intestinal contents were not influenced by the diets provided as well as the amount of total coliform. It was found that the presence of lactose in the feed decreased counts of Escherichia coli and Lactobacillus ssp in the ileum. Regarding the class of weight, the lighter piglets had lower counts of Escherichia coli and Lactobacillus. The maltodextrin can be used as an alternative to replace the lactose in the diet, regardless of the piglets weight at weaning, as it does not adversely affect the pH and the Lactobacillus population in the gastrointestinal tract.

Desempenho de discos de corte de semeadora-adubadora em diferentes quantidades de cobertura vegetal

The quality and efficiency in straw cutting are determinants in the sowing process, according to the occurrence of "tamp" and stops, the magnitude of the straw removal or even the known effects of the seed "envelopment" where the cutting mechanism can not cut the remaining straw. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of different mechanisms for straw cutting of a seeder individualized in different amounts of crop coverage artificially added in a clay soil. The experiment was conducted at Unesp – Sao Paulo State University in the Experimental Farm Lageado, belonging to the College of Agricultural Sciences - Unesp, Botucatu. The experimental design was split plot with four replications, with main plots consisting of five quantities of black oat straw, in area with no-tillage system and subplots of three opening furrows mechanisms, which are: plane disk (PD), corrugated disk (CD) and wavy disk (WD). The wavy disk provided greater rolling resistance, reducing the speed of the set (tractor and equipment). The plane cutting disk showed the highest values of mobilized soil area, deeper penetration into the soil, requiring lower values of vertical force and higher values of lateral force. Regarding the type of waste and doses used, they offered no resistance to cutting and there was no change in the horizontal force on straw.

Doses e épocas de aplicação de nitrogênio: Influência na relação C/N da palhada no desenvolvimento e produtividade do milho em sistema plantio direto

The objective of this research work was to evaluate the effects of doses and time of application of N on the C/N ratio of the straw cover and on the growth and productivity of maize plants growing in a no tillage system. The experiment was carried out at the Experimental Farm of the College of Agriculture of the São Paulo State University (UNESP) on its campus of Botucatu, state of São Paulo, Brazil. The treatments were distributed in the field according to a randomized complete block design in a split plot arrangement. The treatments consisted of four doses of N (0, 20, 40, and 60 kg ha-1 ) applied to oat crop and N doses (60, 80, 100, and 120 kg ha-1 ) sidedressed to corn. The development and productivity of the maize crop in a no-tillage system were found to be dependent of the C/N ratio and the straw cover. The response of the maize plants to the early application of N is dependent on doses and time of application.

Emissão de gases do efeito estufa e estoque de carbono no sistema solo-planta em área com aplicação superficial de calcário e gesso em experimento de longa duração

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Viabilidade técnica e econômica da incorporação do balanço eletrolítico na formulação de rações para poedeiras em segundo ciclo de produção

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Acúmulo de macronutrientes e produtividade de genótipos de cártamo (Carthamus tinctorius L.) em função da adubação nitrogenada no sistema plantio direto

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Bioclimatic characterization of outdoor and confined systems for pregnant sows

Pregnant sows confinement systems were created in order to maximize the productivity, however there are problems concerning the animal welfare. The aim of this research was to evaluate pregnant sows in outdoors and in confinement systems in relation to the thermal environment and physiological animal responses. The experiment was conducted in a commercial farm in Monte Mor city, Sao Paulo, Brazil. The physiological evaluation was performed by recording physiological variables, such as respiratory frequency and skin temperature. Furthermore, variables like dry bulb temperature, wet bulb temperature, and black globe temperature were also evaluated to characterize the ambient by means of enthalpy and black globe humidity index. In each treatment six animals were evaluated. The experimental design was completely randomized in a split-plot version whose averages were compared by the Tukey test. The findings of the experiment revealed higher values for all the bioclimatic variables in the confined treatment. Hence, the outdoor system provided better thermal conditioning for pigs, resulting in a lower heat stress.

Yield and chemical properties of rubber of Hevea clones according to phenological stages

The objective of this work was to evaluate the yield performance and macronutrient content of rubber extracted from four Hevea brasiliensis clones, under different tapping systems and plant phenological stages. The experiment was carried out in the 2010 and 2011 crop seasons, in a split-plot randomized complete block design, with four replicates. The main treatments - GT 1, PB 235, IAN 873, and RRIM 600 clones - were allocated in the plots, and the secondary treatments, which were the tapping systems 1/2S d/2, 1/2S d/4 ET 2.5%, and 1/2S d/7 ET 2.5%, were allocated in the subplots. The analyzed variables were natural rubber yield and macronutrient contents. Samples of natural rubber were obtained in the leaf development, mature leaf, and leaf senescence phenological stages. Rubber yield and its macronutrient contents are more influenced by tapping practice than by genetic material in the restrictive phenological stages of foliage.

Rehabilitation with forage grasses of an area degraded by urban solid waste deposits

Dry matter yield and chemical composition of forage grasses harvested from an area degraded by urban solid waste deposits were evaluated. A split-plot scheme in a randomized block design with four replicates was used, with five grasses in the plots and three harvests in the subplots. The mineral content and extraction and heavy metal concentration were evaluated in the second cut, using a randomized block design with five grasses and four replicates. The grasses were Brachiaria decumbens cv. Basilisk, Brachiaria ruziziensis, Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu and cv. Xaraés, and Panicum maximum cv. Tanzânia, cut at 42 days of regrowth. The dry matter yield per cut reached 1,480 kg ha-1; the minimum crude protein content was 9.5% and the average neutral detergent fiber content was 62.3%. The dry matter yield of grasses was satisfactory, and may be an alternative for rehabilitating areas degraded by solid waste deposits. The concentration of heavy metals in the plants was below toxicity levels; the chemical composition was appropriate, except for phosphorus. The rehabilitated areas may therefore be used for grazing.

Split-mouth designs in orthodontics: an overview with applications to orthodontic clinical trials

SUMMARY Split-mouth designs first appeared in dental clinical trials in the late sixties. The main advantage of this study design is its efficiency in terms of sample size as the patients act as their own controls. Cited disadvantages relate to carry-across effects, contamination or spilling of the effects of one intervention to another, period effects if the interventions are delivered at different time periods, difficulty in finding similar comparison sites within patients and the requirement for more complex data analysis. Although some additional thought is required when utilizing a split-mouth design, the efficiency of this design is attractive, particularly in orthodontic clinical studies where carry-across, period effects and dissimilarity between intervention sites does not pose a problem. Selection of the appropriate research design, intervention protocol and statistical method accounting for both the reduced variability and potential clustering effects within patients should be considered for the trial results to be valid.

Evaluación del rendimiento y calidad de cultivares de ajo colorado fertirrigados con nitrógeno

El objetivo de este trabajo fue diferenciar cultivares monoclonales de ajos colorados argentinos por sus características productivas, de calidad y respuesta a la fertilización nitrogenada en la región de Cuyo. Durante la campaña 2003 se realizó un ensayo en La Consulta, San Carlos, Mendoza, Argentina (950 msnm; 33° 42' S y 69° 04' W). El diseño experimental fue en franjas con parcelas divididas dispuestas en un diseño de bloques completos al azar de tres repeticiones en el cual las dosis de nitrógeno (75, 150, 225 y 300 kg de N·ha-1) incorporadas como SolUAN (30 % N) se asignaron a las parcelas principales y las subparcelas correspondieron a cinco clones de ajo: Fuego INTA, Sureño INTA, Gostoso INTA, Inco 30 y Rubí INTA. Se adicionó además un tratamiento control sin nitrógeno. En el análisis estadístico de los rendimientos (r2 = 0,81; cv%: 8,48 y p < 0,0001) se detectaron efectos significativos de las variables cultivares y dosis de fertilización nitrogenada pero no de la interacción de ambas. Se determinó que en suelos con contenidos medios de nitrógeno total (800 mg·kg-1), la dosis que maximiza los rendimientos es de 150 kg N·ha-1 en todas las cultivares salvo Gostoso cuyo valor crítico resultó mayor que el resto. El incremento de rendimiento atribuible a la fertirrigación con 150 kg N·ha-1 respecto del testigo fue: 45 % en Rubí (17,7 t· ha-1), 31 % en Fuego (15,3 t·ha-1), 19 % en Inco (15,4 t·ha-1) y 23 % en Sureño (13 t·ha-1). Gostoso aumentó un 21 % (13,8 t·ha-1) su rendimiento respecto del testigo con la dosis de 300 kg N·ha-1. El análisis de clasificación jerárquica permitió agrupar los genotipos según su potencial productivo, de mayor a menor, en tres clases: I: cv. Rubí ; II: cv. Inco 30 y cv. Fuego; III: cv. Sureño y Gostoso. La fertilización nitrogenada incrementó la manifestación de malformaciones en todas las cultivares respecto del testigo sin fertilización, excepto Sureño que presentó mayores anormalidades en el tratamiento testigo sin fertilizar.

Ca-amendement and tillage: medium term synergies for improving key soil properties of acid soils. Soil and tillage research, 134: 195-206

Ca-amendments are routinely applied to improve acid soils, whilst no-tillage (NT) has been widely recommended in soils where traditional tillage (TT) has led to losses of organic matter. However, the potential interactions between the two treatments are only partially known. Our study was conducted on an annual forage crop agrosystem with a degraded Palexerult soil located in SW Spain, in order to assess if the combination of NT plus a Ca-amendment provides additional benefits to those of their separate use. To this end we analysed the effects of four different combinations of tillage and Ca-amendment on selected key soil properties, focusing on their relationships. The experimental design was a split-plot with four replicates. The main factor was tillage (NT versus TT) and the second factor was the application or not of a Ca-amendment, consisting of a mixture of sugar foam (SF) and red gypsum (RG). Soil samples were collected from 3 soil layers down to 50 cm after four years of treatment (2009). The use of the Ca-amendment improved pH and Al-toxicity down to 25 cm and increased exchangeable Ca2+ down to 50 cm, even under NT due to the combined effect of SF and RG. Both NT and the Ca-amendment had a beneficial effect on total organic carbon (TOC), especially on particulate organic carbon (POC), in the 0–5 cm layer, with the highest contents observed when both practices were combined. Unlike NT, the Ca-amendment failed to improve soil aggregation in spite of the carbon supplied. This carbon was not protected within the stable aggregates in the medium term, making it more susceptible to mineralization. We suggest that the fraction of Al extracted by oxalate from solid phase (AlOxa-Cu-K) and the glomalin-related soil proteins (GRSPs) are involved in the accumulation of carbon within water stable aggregates, probably through the formation of non-toxic stable Al-OM compounds, including those formed with GRSPs. NT alone decreased AlK in the 0–5 cm soil layer, possibly by increasing POC, TOC and GRSPs, which were observed to play a role in reducing Al toxicity. From our findings, the combination of NT and Ca-amendment appears to be the best management practice to improve chemical and physical characteristics of acid soils degraded by tillage.

Amelioration of a degraded acid soil from SW Spain by no-tillage and Ca-amendment

En los suelos, el exceso de acidez lleva asociado deficiencias en ciertos nutrientes y una alta disponibilidad de aluminio, tóxico para los cultivos propios del ambiente mediterráneo. Su laboreo, provoca la pérdida de materia orgánica (MO), deteriora su estructura y reduce la actividad biológica, provocando en última instancia una menor calidad del suelo. Es de esperar pues que cuando se labran suelos ácidos, sus problemáticas particulares tiendan a agravarse. En nuestra zona de estudio, la “raña” de Cañamero (Extremadura, España), predominan los suelos muy ácidos y degradados por un laboreo inadecuado. Las rañas constituyen amplias plataformas casi horizontales, con unos suelos muy viejos (Palexerults), que se caracterizan por tener el complejo de cambio dominado por el aluminio, y un pH ácido que decrece en profundidad. Poseen un potente horizonte Bt rico en arcillas caoliníticas, que propicia que en periodos con exceso de lluvia, se generen capas colgadas de agua cercanas a la superficie. En torno a los años 1940’s estos suelos, que previamente sostenían un alcornocal, o su matorral de sustitución, se pusieron en cultivo. El laboreo aceleró la mineralización de la materia orgánica, agravó los problemas derivados del exceso de acidez y condujo al abandono de los campos cultivados por falta de productividad. Para recuperar la calidad de estos suelos degradados y obtener unos rendimientos compatibles con su uso agrícola es necesario, por un lado, aplicar enmiendas que eleven el pH y reduzcan la toxicidad del aluminio y, por otro, favorecer el incremento en el contenido en MO. En 2005 se implantó en esta raña un ensayo de campo para estudiar la influencia del no laboreo y de la utilización de una enmienda cálcica en parámetros relacionados con la calidad del suelo en un cultivo forrajero. El diseño experimental fue en parcelas divididas con cuatro repeticiones donde el factor principal fue el tipo de laboreo, no laboreo (NL) frente a laboreo convencional (LC), y el factor secundario el uso o no de una enmienda cálcica. La enmienda consistió básicamente en una mezcla de espuma de azucarería y yeso rojo y se incorporó al comienzo del ensayo hasta los 7 cm de profundidad. Desde el comienzo del ensayo el NL influyó positivamente en el contenido de carbono orgánico total (COT) y particulado (COP), mientras que la enmienda tuvo una ligera influencia al principio del ensayo en ambos pero su efecto positivo se desvaneció con el paso del tiempo. Los mayores contenidos en COT y POC se observaron cuando se combinó el NL con la enmienda. La enmienda incrementó con rapidez el pH, y el Ca, y disminuyó el contenido en aluminio hasta una profundidad de 50 cm, incluso en NL, y mejoró ligeramente la agregación del suelo. El NL por sí solo, gracias al aumento en POC, TOC y las proteínas del suelo relacionadas con la glomalina (PSRG), que son capaces de formar compuestos estables no tóxicos con el aluminio, también contribuyó a la reducción de la toxicidad de aluminio en la capa más superficial. Cuando en las campañas con exceso de precipitaciones se generaron capas colgadas de agua próximas a la superficie, el NL generó unas condiciones más favorables para la germinación y desarrollo del cultivo, resultando en una producción más alta que el LC. A ello contribuyó la mayor capacidad de almacenamiento de agua y la mayor transmisividad de esta hacia abajo, en la capa más superficial (0-5 cm) que propició una menor saturación por agua que el LC. Respecto a los parámetros relacionados con la agregación, el NL aumentó los macroagregados hasta los 10 cm de profundidad y favoreció la acumulación de CO y N en todas las fracciones de tamaño de agregados. Sin embargo, la recuperación del grado de macroagregación tras el cese del laboreo resulta lenta en comparación con otros suelos, posiblemente debido al bajo contenido en arcilla en el horizonte Ap. En comparación con el NL, la enmienda mostró también un efecto positivo, aunque muy ligero, en la agregación del suelo. En contradicción con otros estudios en suelos ácidos, nuestros resultados indican la existencia de una jerarquía de agregados, y destacan el papel importante de la MO en la mejora de la agregación. Tanto el NL como la enmienda favorecieron por separado varias propiedades químicas, físicas y biológicas del suelo, pero, en general, encontramos los mayores beneficios con su uso combinado. Además, a largo plazo el efecto positivo de NL en las propiedades del suelo fue en aumento, mientras que el efecto beneficioso de la enmienda se limitó básicamente a las propiedades químicas y se desvaneció en pocos años. Destacamos que las condiciones meteorológicas a lo largo del ensayo beneficiaron la producción de biomasa en NL, y en consecuencia las propiedades relacionadas con la materia orgánica, por lo que son un factor a tener en cuenta a la hora de evaluar los efectos de la enmienda y el laboreo sobre las propiedades del suelo, especialmente en zonas donde esas condiciones son muy variables entre una campaña y otra. Los resultados de este estudio han puesto de manifiesto que el NL no ha mermado la eficacia de la enmienda caliza, posiblemente gracias a la alta solubilidad de la enmienda aplicada, es más, el manejo con NL y enmienda es el que ha favorecido en mayor medida ciertos parámetros de calidad del suelo. Por el contrario el LC sí parece anular los beneficios de la enmienda en relación con las propiedades relacionadas con la MO. Por tanto, cabe concluir que la combinación de NL y la enmienda es una práctica adecuada para mejorar las propiedades químicas y físicas de suelos ácidos degradados por el laboreo. ABSTRACT Excessive acidity in soils is associated with deficiencies in certain nutrients and high concentrations of available aluminum, which is toxic for most Mediterranean crops. Tilling these soils results in the loss of soil organic matter (SOM), damages soil structure and reduces biological activity, ultimately degrading soil quality. It is expected, therefore, that when acid soils are tilled, their particular problems will tend to get worse. In our study area, the "Cañamero’s Raña” (Extremadura, Spain), acid soils degraded by an inappropriate tillage prevail. Rañas are large and flat platforms with very old soils (Palexerults), which are characterized by an exchange complex dominated by aluminum and an acid pH which decreases with depth. These soils have a strong Bt horizon rich in kaolinite clays, which encourages the formation of perched water-tables near the soil surface during periods of excessive rain. During the first third of the 20th century, these soils, that previously supported cork oak or its scrub replacement, were cultivated. Tillage accelerated the mineralization of the SOM, aggravating the problems of excessive acidity, which finally led to the abandonment of the land due to low productivity. To recover the quality of these degraded soils and to obtain consistent yields it is necessary, first, to apply amendments to raise the pH and reduce aluminum toxicity, and second to encourage the accumulation of SOM. In 2005 a field trial was established in the Raña to study the influence of no-tillage and the use of a Ca-amendment on soil quality related parameters in a forage crop agrosystem. The experimental design was a split-plot with four replicates where the main factor was tillage type, no-tillage (NT) versus traditional tillage (TT) and the secondary factor was the use or not of a Ca-amendment. The Ca-amendment was a mixture of sugar foam and red gypsum that was incorporated into the top 7 cm of the soil. Since the beginning of the experiment, NT had a positive influence on total and particulate organic carbon (TOC and POC, respectively), while the Ca-amendment had a small positive influence at the beginning of the study but its effect diminished with time. The highest TOC and POC contents were observed when NT and the Ca-amendment were combined. The Ca-amendment, even under NT, rapidly increased pH and Ca, and decreased the aluminum content to a depth of 50 cm, as well as improving soil aggregation slightly. NT, due to the increased POC, TOC and Glomalin-related soil proteins (GRSP), which can form stable non-toxic compounds with aluminum, also contributed to the reduction of aluminum toxicity in the upper layer. When perched water-tables near the soil surface were formed in campaigns with excessive rainfall, NT provided more favorable conditions for germination and crop development, resulting in higher yields compared with TT. This was directly related to the higher water storage capacity and the greater transmissivity of the water downwards from the upper layers, which led to lower water saturation under NT compared with TT. With regards to the aggregation-related parameters, NT increased macroaggregation to a depth of 10 cm and favored the accumulation of OC and N in all aggregate size fractions. However, the degree of recovery of macroaggregation after tillage ceased was slow compared with other soils, possibly due to the low clay content in the Ap horizon. Compared with NT, the Ca-amendment had a slight positive effect on soil aggregation. In contrast to other studies in acid soils, our results indicate the existence of an aggregate hierarchy, and highlight the important role of SOM in improving aggregation. Both NT and the Ca-amendment separately favored various chemical, physical and biological soil properties, but in general we found the greatest benefits when the two treatments were combined. In addition, the positive effect of NT on soil properties increased with time, while the beneficial effect of the Ca-amendment, which was limited to the chemical properties, vanished after a few years. It is important to note that the meteorological conditions throughout the experiment benefited biomass production under NT and, as a consequence, organic matter related properties. This suggests that meteorological conditions are a factor to consider when evaluating the effects of Ca-amendments and tillage on soil properties, especially in areas where such conditions vary significantly from one campaign to another. The results of this study show that NT did not diminish the effectiveness of the Ca-amendment, possibly due to the high solubility of the selected amendment. Moreover, the combination of NT and the Ca-amendment was actually the management that favored certain soil quality parameters the most. By contrast, TT seemed to nullify the benefits of the Ca-amendment with regards to the OM related properties. In conclusion, the combination of NT and the application of a Ca-amendment is an advisable practice for improving the chemical and physical properties of acid soils degraded by tillage.

Interferência de diferentes porta-enxertos no desenvolvimento da videira 'Niagara Rosada'

O conhecimento da interferência do porta-enxerto no desenvolvimento da copa é muito importante, pois tais interações para cada combinação porta-enxerto e cultivar copa adotada pode variar. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a interferência dos porta-enxertos \'IAC 766\', \'IAC 572\', \'IAC 313\', \'IAC 571-6\' e \'Ripária do Traviú\', no desenvolvimento e fertilidade das gemas da cultivar copa \'Niagara Rosada\'. O estudo foi realizado em videira \'Niagara Rosada\' conduzida sob o sistema de espaldeira, na região de Jundiaí - SP. As avaliações foram realizadas em três ciclos de produção, destes, dois foram realizados no ciclo tradicional, em que a poda de produção é realizada no inverno e a colheita no fim da primavera e início de verão, e um foi realizado na denominada safrinha, em que a poda de produção ocorre no verão e a colheita no fim do outono e início do inverno. Para os ciclos de produção tradicionais avaliou-se a fertilidade da primeira até a quarta ou quinta gema, o número de brotação, o número de cacho e o comprimento final dos ramos em 2014 e 2015. No ciclo de produção safrinha avaliou-se a fertilidade da quinta até a oitava gema e os demais dados biométricos durante o cultivo. Nesse ciclo de produção avaliou-se a produção e qualidade de frutos da videira. O delineamento experimental adotado foi em blocos casualizados em esquema de parcela subdividida para fertilidade de gemas, e em blocos casualizados para as demais variáveis. Os dados coletados foram submetidos à análise de variância, e quando significativo, os dados foram submetidos ao teste de comparação de médias Tukey a 0,05 de probabilidade. Não foi observado efeito dos diferentes porta-enxertos na fertilidade de gemas, no desenvolvimento da planta, na produção e qualidade dos frutos de videira \'Niagara Rosada\'.

Produção de biomassa e eficiência no uso da água para oito variedades de cana-de-açúcar irrigadas por gotejamento em dois ciclos de cultivo

A irrigação quando bem manejada, pode minimizar os riscos econômicos da atividade sucroalcooleira, particularmente em safras com presença de instabilidade climática onde a restrição hídrica, promovida pela diminuição no volume de chuvas, pode reduzir a produtividade dos canaviais. Dentre as ferramentas disponíveis para a gestão eficiente da água na agricultura irrigada, a técnica de irrigação sob déficit pode se tornar uma escolha acertada para a cana-de-açúcar, desde que sejam identificadas as fases fenológicas e épocas de cultivo onde a limitação da oferta de água não implique em reduções antieconômicas no rendimento da cultura. Diante disso, a hipótese que norteia essa pesquisa, é a de que existe uma estratégia de irrigação sob déficit, que associada a uma variedade com características específicas, possibilite a expressão de indicadores de produtividade tão satisfatórios quanto os obtidos em condições de irrigação plena. Nessa linha, os objetivos da pesquisa envolveram o estudo da dinâmica foliar, acúmulo e particionamento de biomassa e ainda, índices de produtividade da água para biomassa, açúcar e etanol de 1ª e 2ª geração de oito variedade de cana-de-açúcar, submetidas a diferentes condições de disponibilidade hídrica no solo em dois ciclos de cultivo (cana-planta e cana-soca). A pesquisa foi realizada na Escola Superior de Agricultura \"Luiz de Queiroz\", em Piracicaba/SP, onde foram estudados os dois primeiros ciclos de cultivo da cana-de-açúcar, sendo estes abordados nesta tese como Experimento 1 (cana-planta) e Experimento 2 (cana-soca). O delineamento experimental adotado para ambos os ciclos foi o de blocos casualizados, com três blocos completos. Os tratamentos foram compostos por três fatores em esquema de parcelas sub-subdivididas. Estas parcelas foram formadas por duas plantas (touceiras) alocadas em um vaso com aproximadamente 330 litros de solo. No Experimento 1, foram estudados três fatores, sendo o primeiro e segundo com quatro níveis e o terceiro com oito (4x4x8), totalizando assim 128 tratamentos, sendo eles: quatro níveis de irrigação ao longo do ciclo (125, 100, 75 e 50% da ETc); oito variedades comerciais de cana-de-açúcar e quatro procedimentos de maturação, impostos por meio de variações na intensidade do déficit hídrico aplicado. Para o Experimento 2, substitui-se o fator Maturação por Épocas de Corte, o qual consistiu em colheitas de um quarto do experimento a cada 90 dias. Os resultados encontrados apontaram que a área foliar responde positivamente a maior disponibilidade hídrica no solo, tendo sido verificado uma relação proporcional entre estes. Quanto ao acúmulo de biomassa, verificou-se que para as oito variedades estudadas houve incremento de biomassa a medida em que se aumentou o volume de água disponibilizado às variedades. No tocante ao particionamento, as folhas foram os drenos principais de fotoassimilados da planta até os 100 dias de cultivo, sendo que após este período, os colmos ocuparam o lugar de dreno preferencial. Os indicadores de produtividade da água apresentaram diferenças significativas para o fator lâmina, o que indica a existência de cultivares de cana-de-açúcar mais eficientes no uso da água. Por fim, observou-se que a produtividade da água para etanol total apresentou valores expressivos, com média para essa variável igual a 1,81 L m-3, o que denota o potencial de rendimento de etanol (1G + 2G) a partir da cana-de-açúcar quando é adotado o aproveitamento integral das plantas.