ANÁLISE INTEGRADA DE ÁREAS AGRÍCOLAS, A PARTIR DA PERSPECTIVA GEOSSISTÊMICA: CONTRIBUIÇÃO PARA GESTÃO DE CONFLITOS AMBIENTAIS

As diretrizes para a gestão ambiental na zona costeira brasileira podem ser percebidas no Plano Nacional de Gerenciamento Costeiro. Porém, os debates envolvendo a questão agrícola necessitam ser ampliados, pois estão sendo identificados conflitos ambientais decorrentes do emprego errôneo de conceitos e definições relacionados à classificação geomorfológica das zonas costeiras. O presente trabalho analisa a partir da perspectiva geossistêmica, a influência dos diferentes conceitos e definições geomorfológicos relacionados as zonas costeiras, no conflito envolvendo a preservação ambiental e a produção agrícola. A proposta de estudo encontra-se embasada numa análise integrada dos elementos que constituem o geossistema. Nesta perspectiva, a análise e o planejamento do espaço geográfico, contribuem para a definição do uso da terra, a gestão de conflitos, assim como orientar a aplicação de políticas públicas voltadas para o desenvolvimento regional sustentável.

VULNERABILIDADE AGRÍCOLA DA PRODUÇÃO DE SOJA NA REGIÃO METROPOLITANA DE LONDRINA – PR: ANALISE DA SAFRA DE 2005/06

A produção de soja na região norte do estado do Paraná é responsável por contribuir imensurávelmente com a balança comercial do estado do Paraná, sabe-se que a soja possue um papel fundamental na economia agrícola da região norte do estado do Paraná onde se localizam as cidades de Cambé, Ibiporã, Londrina, Rolândia e Tamarana. O clima não é somente uma variável que marca o ritmo das estações do ano, é um fenômeno natural produzido pelo sistema Sol-Atmosfera-Terra, e exerce grande influência nas atividades humanas. Na agricultura, o clima pode ser aliado ou inimigo no plantio, no desenvolvimento, na produção e no rendimento final de grãos. Dessa forma, ao enfocar a soja como cultura líder na balança comercial brasileira, deve-se levar em consideração sua fisiologia que a define sendo uma cultura de verão, justamente pelo fato de germinar apenas com temperaturas superiores a 13º C. Para analisar possíveis interferências pluviométricas na cultura da soja, foram coletados dados de precipitação pluviométrica e de rendimento de soja das safras de 2005/06, 2006/07, 2007/08, 2008/09 e 2009/10. Os mapas cartográficos foram desenvolvidos segundo tais dados e contrapostos com o intuito de favorecer a análise dos resultados obtidos. Neste artigo, foram feitas analises especificamente das safras de 2005/06, sendo uma contribuição preliminar. O município de Londrina, tanto pela sua área territorial, quanto pelos investimentos no setor agrícola, destaca-se na produção de soja, exceto na safra de 2005/06, cujo rendimento final do grão foi inferior ao do município de Cambé. A precipitação média do mês de janeiro para o município de Londrina apresenta-se com média mensal de 76 mm, isso pode ser justificado pela ocorrência de um período de estiagem em janeiro de 2006 que afetou o município de Londrina, contribuindo com uma redução considerável no rendimento final da soja para o município.

Atributos de qualidade de híbridos de milho produzidos em safrinha relacionados à produção de etanol.

2016

Produção de espécies nativas do gênero Paspalum semeadas para recuperação de áreas degradadas.

O Bioma Pampa está localizado nos países do Cone Sul da América do Sul, Argentina, Brasil e Uruguai, ocupando uma área de 700.000 km2, sendo a maior área de pastagem natural temperada do mundo.

Otimização das condições de produção de ésteres etílicos a partir de óleo de peixe com elevado teor de ácidos graxos ômega-3

The production of ethyl esters by alcoholysis is an alternative for splitting triacylglycerols due to the possibility of using low temperatures, which results in oxidative protection of the polyunsaturated fatty acids. Ethyl esters produced under mild conditions of temperature could be used as substrate for obtaining structured lipids. The reaction parameters of production of ethyl esters from fish oil with high content of omega-3 fatty acids by alcoholysis were optimized using response surface methodology. An experimental design (2³) (with levels +1 and -1, six axial points with levels -alpha and +alpha and three central points) was applied. The variables investigated were concentration of catalyst, amount of ethyl alcohol and temperature. Ethyl ester conversion was monitored by high performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) and the best result obtained was 95% conversion rate. The optimal conditions were 40 °C, 1% of NaOH and 36% of ethanol.

Produção de isomaltulose, um substituto da sacarose, utilizando glicosiltransferase microbiana

Isomaltulose, a functional isomer of sucrose, is a non-cariogenic reducing disaccharide; has a low glycemic index; selectively promotes growth of beneficial bifidobacteria in the human intestinal microflora; and has greater stability than sucrose in some foods and beverages. Isomaltulose is a nutritional sugar that is digested more slowly than sucrose, and has health advantages for diabetics and nondiabetics. Immobilization techniques, especially entrapment of the cells, are widely used for conversion of sucrose into isomaltulose. Immobilization offers advantages such as minimum downstream processing, continuous operation and reusability of cells. Isomaltulose is currently considered to be a promising sugar substitute.

Produção de micropartículas de alginato contendo Flavobacterium columnare inativada pelo método de emulsão para vacinação de peixes por via oral

Alginate microparticles were prepared by an emulsion method aiming oral controlled release of antigens to fish. The effects of emulsification temperature and impeller type on particle morphology, average diameter, and size distribution were evaluated. Microparticles contaning formalin-killed Flavobacterium columnare cells (a model antigen) were prepared and characterized regarding bacterial release and particle stability when exposed to Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) typical gastrointestinal conditions. This methodology allowed the production of microparticles containing up to 14.3 g/L of bacterin, stable at a pH range from 2.0 to 9.0 for 12 h and smaller than 35 μm.

Desenvolvimento, produção e caracterização de nanocristais de fármacos pouco solúveis

Poorly soluble drugs have low bioavailability, representing a major challenge for the pharmaceutical industry. Processing drugs into the nanosized range changes their physical properties, and these are being used in pharmaceutics to develop innovative formulations known as Nanocrystals. Use of nanocrystals to overcome the problem of low bioavailability, and their production using different techniques such as microfluidization or high pressure homogenization, was reviewed in this paper. Examples of drugs, cosmetics and nutraceutical ingredients were also discussed. These technologies are well established in the pharmaceutical industry and are approved by the Food and Drug Administration.

Índice de previsão de produção de leite para vacas Jersey

In Brazil the adoption of several models of cattle confinement leads to special conditions for management methods in dairy production, which can be improved by the use of technology that assures better herd management. Indexes relating environmental variables to production are applied for the prediction of milk production. The values of temperature and relative humidity, rain index, solar radiation and pasture soil temperature are generally considered potential stress agents for cows. The objective of this research was to develop an index for predicting milk production for high productivity Jersey milking cows lodged in semi confinement in tropical conditions. The experiment considered two treatments: A - the cows waited for 30 minutes prior to milking in a room with a shower associated to a fan; B - the cows did not have access to this room (control). Other than the waiting period, the cows had access to pasture. Differences in the effect of average production were not statistically significant. The analysis for studying the effect of the variables and designing the model led to a statistical model relating the variables milk production and rain index, as well as the maximum soil temperature of pasture, and milk production.

Estimativa de bem-estar de frango de corte em função da concentração de amônia e grau de luminosidade no galpão de produção

Brazil is an important poultry meat export country, and large parts of its destination are countries with specific rearing restrictions related to broiler s welfare. One of the aerial pollutants mostly found in high concentrations in closed poultry housing environment is ammonia. There are evidences that broilers welfare may be compromised by the continuous exposition to this pollutant in rearing housing. This research aimed to estimate broilers welfare reared under specific thermal environmental attributes and bird s density, as function of the ammonia concentration and light intensity inside the housing environment using the Fuzzy Theory. Results showed that the best welfare value (0.89 in the scale: 0-1) approximately 90% of the ideal was found in the conditions that associated the ideal thermal environment, with bird s density between 13-15 birds m-2, with values of the ammonia concentration in the environment below 5 ppm, and light intensity near 1 lx. Using the predictive method it was possible to estimate broilers welfare with relation to the ammonia concentration and light intensity in the housing.

Produção de alface hidropônica em três ambientes de cultivo

It was proposed to evaluate the hydroponic lettuce production, variety Vera, on inclined benches with channels of 100 mm, and Nutrient Film Technique, as answer to carbon dioxide application and evaporative cooling. There were five cycles of cultivation from March, 20th to April, 17th (C1); from May, 25th to June, 29th (C2); from July, 13th to August, 20th (C3); from August, 27th to October, 10th (C4); from December, 12th to January, 10th (C5). In three greenhouses were tested the following systems: (A1) without evaporative cooling air CO2 aerial injection, (A2) with CO2 aerial injection and without evaporative cooling and (A3) with CO2 aerial injection and pad-fan evaporative cooling system. The fresh and dry mass of leaves in grams, number of leaves and leaf area in square millimeter were evaluated. The completely randomized statistical analysis was used. The cycle C1 were used 48 replications, for cycles C2, C3 and C5 were used 64 replications and C5 were used 24 replications. The results showed that greenhouse with evaporative cooling system and CO2 allow better development and greater lettuce yield. It was possible to conclude that the aerial injection of CO2, in the absence of evaporative cooling system, did not lead increasing the lettuce productivity to most cycles. Bigger lettuce leaf areas were found in periods with higher temperatures.

Abundância de ramos reprodutivos e produção de sementes em populações de Ipomoea pes-caprae (L.) R. Br. na Ilha de Santa Catarina, Brasil

The variation in the proportion of reproductive branches, fruit, and seed production of Ipomoea pes-caprae (L.) R. Br. (Convolvulaceae) were evaluated at ten beaches on Santa Catarina Island, state of Santa Catarina, Brazil. Three patches per beach of Ipomoea pes-caprae were monitored, involving two reproductive cycles. Ipomoea pes-caprae presented initially an average length of patches of 14 m, with 9.6 branches/m² and 39% of reproductive branches. The proportion of reproductive branches varied between the cycles, but there was not noticed an alternation of reproductive effort between the subsequent cycles. There was a reduction in the percentage of reproductive branches at six localities. In four beaches where Ipomoea pes-caprae populations declined, occurred reduction in the reproductive vigor, and in the seed production, being these declines associated to strong sea erosion. In another hand, in one beach with population increase, there were little reproductive branches due to the occurrence of young stolons. Four patches never maturated fruits, being three of these located at small beaches. The fruit and seed productions in the patches showed values up to 40 fruits/m² and up to 140 seeds/m², respectively. Populations with great seed production were localized in areas adjacent to great coastal plains, which may represent potential seed sources for areas with small seed production in the island.

Produção de serapilheira e decomposição do material foliar em um cerradão na Estação Ecológica de Jataí, município de Luiz Antônio, SP, Brasil

We estimate litter production and leaf decomposition rate in a cerradão area, physiognomy little studied and very threatened in São Paulo State. During the period of study, litter production was 5646.9 kg.ha-1.year-1, which the 'leaf' fraction corresponded to 4081.2 kg.ha¹.year¹; the 'branch' fraction, to 1066.1 kg.ha-1.year-1; the 'reproductive structures' fraction, to 434.1 kg.ha-1.year-1; and the 'miscellaneous' fraction to 65.5 kg.ha-1.year-1. Litter production was highly seasonal and negatively correlated with relative humidity and air temperature. Leaf production was negatively correlated with relative humidity, rainfall, and air temperature. There was no significant difference between litter production found in this study and those in two other sites with cerradão and semideciduous forest, but these physiognomies differed significantly from the cerrado sensu stricto. Leaf decomposition rate (K) was 0.56. Half-life of the decomposing material was 1.8 years and turnover time was 2.3 years.

Ambientes de cultivo, recipientes e substratos na produção de biomassa foliar e radicular em mudas de maracujazeiro amarelo em Aquidauana - MS

The objective of the work was to evaluate the effects of environment, recipients, and substrate compositions in passion fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims f. flavicarpa Deg.) seedlings biomass production in Pantanal region from September to November of 2006. Experimental trials were conducted in four protected environments, in two types of containers and three different substrate compositions. The environments were: A1 (greenhouse covered with low-density, 150-microns-thick polyethylene film), A2 (monofilament black screened with mesh for 50% of shade), A3 (aluminized screened with mesh for 50% of shade) and A4 (environment covered with straw of native coconut palm); the recipients were: polyethylene bags (R1) (15 x 25 cm) and polystyrene trays (R2) (with 72 cells). There substrates were: S1 (soil + organic compost + vermiculite, 1:1: 1 v/v), S2 (soil + organic compost + sawdust, 1:1: 1 v/v) and S3 (soil + organic compost + vermiculite + sawdust, 1:1: 1/2: 1/2 v/v). The experimental design was completely randomized statistical analysis in split-split-plot, with fifteen replications. The treatments in the plot were environments, in the subplots were pots, and subsubplots were substrates (4 x 2 x 3 = 24 treatments). Fresh and dry mass of aerial and root system parts were evaluated. Environments with screen showed better results for seedlings of yellow passion fruit biomass in polyethylene bags. Polyethylene bags promoted higher biomasses. The substrate with vermiculite showed better results for both types of containers. The substrate with a higher percentage of sawdust showed the worst result.

A moradia estudantil universitária como tema na produção científica nacional

This study analyses the national scientific production about college students' residence halls. The country's main data bases and electronic sites of several Brazilian higher education institutions were checked and 23 studies, published between 2000 and 2009, were found. The results of our analysis point to different focuses, which can be grouped into three categories: students who live in residence halls, residence halls themselves and actions for student assistance. Although there is large foreign scientific production about college student housing, the national production on this theme is still scarce, and the idea of student residence halls as educational spaces is still very incipient. The study points out to the need for investigating the living conditions in these places, and the impacts of this kind of habitation on students. Considering that student housing is an institutional responsibility, these studies potentially subsidize measures for proper educational conditions for college students.