Structure-based virtual screening of hypothetical inhibitors of the enzyme longiborneol synthase: a potential target to reduce Fusarium head blight disease.

2016

Aplicação pré-colheita de ácido bórico em maçãs "pink lady®" e suas implicações na pós-colheita dos frutos.

A cultura da maçã (Malus domestica Borkh.) obteve êxito no Brasil. Os estados do Sul destacam-se em sua produção, onde na safra de 2016 produziram 1.032.079 toneladas (IBGE, 2016). As cultivares Gala e Fuji são responsáveis por 90% da produção de maçãs no Sul do Brasil (SILVEIRA et al., 2013). Entretanto, outras cultivares podem ser utilizadas para diversificar o mercado de maçãs, como os frutos da cultivar Pink Lady® , que são muito atrativos e de coloração rosa-avermelhada, uniformes e sobre fundo verde-amarelado (FIORAVANÇO et al., 2011). A coloração da epiderme dos frutos é um atributo bastante valorizado pelos consumidores no momento da compra de maçãs. Alguns produtos podem ser utilizados em pré-colheita para melhorar esse atributo. Entre eles, o ácido bórico. Resultados de pesquisa constataram que as aplicações foliares de boro podem afetar tanto a qualidade quanto a capacidade de conservação dos frutos (NACHTIGALL; CZERMAINSKI, 2014). Por isso, é importante verificar a utilização de ácido bórico em pré-colheita e seus efeitos na qualidade pós-colheita de maçãs. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o uso de ácido bórico em aplicações pré-colheita em maçãs ?Pink Lady® ? e verificar suas implicações nos atributos pós-colheita dos frutos na região de Vacaria/RS, no ciclo produtivo de 2015/2016.

Efeito da aplicação de etefom na pré-colheita de maçãs "pink lady®" e suas implicações na pós-colheita dos frutos.

A produção brasileira de maçãs está inserida em 34.664 hectares na safra de 2016, sendo 17.028 hectares plantados em Santa Catarina, 15.716 hectares no Rio Grande do Sul e 1.490 hectares no Paraná (IBGE, 2016). A cultivar de maçã Pink Lady® foi obtida do cruzamento entre Golden Delicious e Lady Williams, buscando-se da cultivar Golden Delicious a boa qualidade organoléptica e a baixa ocorrência de escaldadura e da cultivar Lady Williams a boa firmeza de polpa, o bom potencial de armazenamento e a baixa suscetibilidade ao?bitter pit? (KELLERHALS; RAPILLARD, 2002). A utilização de etefom visa melhorar a coloração dos frutos bem como antecipar a colheita, apresentando efeitos benéficos sobre a qualidade do fruto, acidez titulável, teor de sólidos solúveis e firmeza da polpa (SEIBERT et al., 2000). Entretanto, o etefom acelera o processo de amadurecimento dos frutos, podendo reduzir o período de conservação da maçã (FAN et al., 1998). Em função disso, torna-se importante avaliar os efeitos da aplicação de etefom em pré-colheita e suas implicações em pós-colheita. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar o uso de etefom em pré-colheita em frutos de ?PinkLady® ? e verificar as suas implicações na pós-colheita dos frutos na região de Vacaria/RS no ciclo produtivo de 2015/2016.

Uso de ácido bórico para aumento da coloração da epiderme de maçãs "pink lady®".

A cultura da macieira (Malus domestica Borkh.) encontra-se consolidada no Brasil, tendo como base o cultivo das cultivares Gala e Fuji. Contudo, novas cultivares tem sido introduzidas e cultivadas, podendo ser destacadas a Pink Lady®. A cultivar Cripps Pink (Pink Lady®) apresenta maturação tardia, com frutos de polpa branca, firme, suculenta e moderadamente ácida, de tamanho médio a grande, com coloração da epiderme rosa intenso (BRACKMANN et al., 2005). Dentre os aspectos observados pelos consumidores no momento da compra de maçãs, o principal diz respeito a coloração de recobrimento da epiderme dos frutos. A utilização de boro foliar aplicado algumas semanas antes das colheita dos frutos aumenta a intensidade da cor 15 vermelha da epiderme e antecipa a maturação dos frutos (ERNANI et al., 2010). Entretanto, os resultados de pesquisa são controversos em relação as aplicações foliares de boro, alguns trabalhos evidenciam efeitos negativos enquanto outros mostram efeito positivo na qualidade dos frutos com a aplicação de boro (NACHTIGALL; CZERMAINSKI, 2014). Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o uso de ácido bórico para o aumento da coloração da epiderme de frutos de maçãs ?Pink Lady? na região de Vacaria/RS, no ciclo produtivo de 2015/2016.

Uso de etefom para aumentar a coloração da epiderme de frutos e antecipar a colheita de maçãs "pink lady®".

O cultivo de maçãs (Malus domestica Borkh.) na região sul do Brasil tem grande relevância. A produção brasileira de maçãs fez uso de 34.664 hectares na safra de 2016 (IBGE, 2016). As cultivares Gala e Fuji e seus clones são responsáveis por mais de 90% da produção de maçãs no Sul do Brasil. Entretanto, existem outras opções. A ?Pink Lady® 12 ? foi desenvolvida na Austrália, na década de 70 e foi obtida do cruzamento entre Golden Delicious e Lady Williams (BRACKMANN et al., 2005) e pode ser utilizada na renovação e diversificação dos pomares. A coloração vermelha da epiderme de maçãs é o atributo de maior importância na qualidade do fruto, sendo afetada positivamente pela aplicação exógena de etileno (STEFFENS; BRACKMANN, 2006). A utilização de etefom (ácido 2-cloroetilfosfônico) em pré-colheita visando antecipar a colheita e/ou melhorar a coloração dos frutos é uma das técnicas mais utilizadas (FIORAVANÇO et al., 2007). O etefom denominado comercialmente como Ethrel é um regulador de crescimento que pertence ao grupo químico do ácido fosfônico (ANDREI, 1990). Nesse sentido, objetivou-se com esse trabalho avaliar o uso de etefom para aumentar a coloração da epiderme e antecipar a colheita de maçãs ?Pink Lady® 23 ?, na região de Vacaria/RS no ciclo produtivo de 2015/2016

Searching for novel targets to control wheat Head Blight Disease-I-Protein identification, 3D modeling and virtual screening.

2016

Inertial and magnetic sensors for upper limb kinematics: modeling, calibration, sensor fusion and clinical applications

The primary aim of the research activity presented in this PhD thesis was the development of an innovative hardware and software solution for creating a unique tool for kinematics and electromyographic analysis of the human body in an ecological setting. For this purpose, innovative algorithms have been proposed regarding different aspects of inertial and magnetic data elaboration: magnetometer calibration and magnetic field mapping (Chapter 2), data calibration (Chapter 3) and sensor-fusion algorithm. Topics that may conflict with the confidentiality agreement between University of Bologna and NCS Lab will not be covered in this thesis. After developing and testing the wireless platform, research activities were focused on its clinical validation. The first clinical study aimed to evaluate the intra and interobserver reproducibility in order to evaluate three-dimensional humero-scapulo-thoracic kinematics in an outpatient setting (Chapter 4). A second study aimed to evaluate the effect of Latissimus Dorsi Tendon Transfer on shoulder kinematics and Latissimus Dorsi activation in humerus intra - extra rotations (Chapter 5). Results from both clinical studies have demonstrated the ability of the developed platform to enter into daily clinical practice, providing useful information for patients' rehabilitation.

Fusarium head blight: characterization of secondary Fusarium species, evaluation of their pathogenetic role and ability to produce mycotoxins

Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a worldwide cereal disease caused by a complex of Fusarium species resulting in high yield losses, reduction in quality and mycotoxin contamination of grain. A shift in Fusarium head blight community has been observed worldwide. The present work aimed to analyze the evolution of Italian FHB community focusing the attention on species considered “secondary” in the past years such as members of Fusarium tricinctum species complex (FTSC) and F. proliferatum. The first goal of the study was to analyze the fungal community associated with Italian durum wheat in two different years. F. poae, F. avenaceum and F. proliferatum were the main species detected on Italian durum kernels. A variable mycotoxins contamination was observed in the analyzed samples. Considering, the increased incidence of F. avenaceum and other members of FTSC in Italian FHB, the second aim was to investigate genetic diversity among the FTSC and estimate the mycotoxin risk related to these species. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that F. avenaceum (FTSC 4) was the most common species in Italy, followed by an unnamed Fusarium sp., F. tricinctum and F. acuminatum. In addition to these four phylospecies, five other F. tricinctum clade species were sampled. These included strains of four newly discovered species (Fusarium spp. FTSC 11, 13, 14, 15) and F. iranicum (FTSC 6). Most isolates tested for mycotoxin production on rice cultures were able to produce quantitative levels of enniatins and moniliformin. In addition, a preliminary study was conducted to evaluate the ability of a selected F. proliferatum isolate to produce fumonisins on wheat in open field and under natural climatic conditions. The three analogues (FB1, FB2 and FB3) were quantified by HPLC-FLD analysis on kernels, chaff and rachis. Fumonisins were detected in all the three investigated fractions without significant differences.

Evaluation of deambulation in a protected environment and in the public green in limb amputated subjects treated through a new osteointegration method

The limb amputation is one of the oldest surgical procedures performed and it still represents an event that drastically changes the life of an individual. Despite the technological progress, the difficulties related to the realization and daily use of the socket remain very common. Among the different technologies adopted in the prosthetic field, this project focused on the osseointegration technique. This technique consists in implanting a stem within the medullary canal of the amputated skeletal segment that extends outside the amputation stump with a prosthesis, later connected to the metal extension. The objective of this PhD project is to treat and to evaluate selected patients with osseointegrated prosthetic implants for the treatment of lower limb amputations. Patients are recruited at the Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute and at the Prosthesis - INAIL center of Vigorso (Budrio) during outpatient visits, while the surgical procedure is performed by the same expert surgeon in the II Orthopaedic and Traumatology Clinic of the Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute. The project is still ongoing, to date three patients had completed both procedures, but due to various personal problems, just one of them is included in the analysis. This patient increased his percentage of prosthesis use and the level of mobility with an overall improvement of quality of live after the procedure. The osseointegration technique represents a promising alternative method of treatment for amputees who are not satisfied with their socket prosthesis. In the coming years it will continue the collection of clinical, radiographic and kinematic data of subjects undergoing this procedure in order to perform a long-term monitoring of both clinical outcomes and quality of life.

Upper-Limb Exoskeleton Design for Firefighter

Every day, firefighters are involved in emergency response tasks, which are both physically and psychologically exhausting. According to the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), the number of firefighters who are injured or die while performing their job is incredibly high. When firefighters are injured, they must follow a rehabilitation therapy program to physically recover and depending on the severity of their injuries they may not fully recuperate at all. If they sustain a permanent injury that they cannot recover from, they may be out of work for the rest of their career. This research focuses on studying and developing a special device, known as an exoskeleton, aimed at assisting and preventing potential injuries among firefighters. Nowadays, the usage of human exoskeletons is becoming more common in a variety of fields. In fact, it is currently being researched and developed for soldiers, athletes, and critical care patients around the world. Most of the existing exoskeletons have been developed for the assistance of the lower human body. The research that I have done in my thesis instead relates to mobility of the upper body. Many of the existing exoskeletons have been analyzed and compared to each other and the human body, such as the study of human arm parts and their movements around three principal joints: shoulder, elbow, and wrist. The correct design of the shoulder exoskeleton join is still a big challenge for designers because of the complexity of biomechanical human movements. The exoskeleton must fit perfectly to the human body, otherwise it could be harmful for both the recovery and the safety of the user. The goal of this thesis is to design an upper-body arm exoskeleton worn by firefighters and develop and test a PID control system to prevent the risk of injuries while performing their job.

Leaf-, Panel- And Latex-expressed Sequenced Tags From The Rubber Tree (hevea Brasiliensis) Under Cold-stressed And Suboptimal Growing Conditions: The Development Of Gene-targeted Functional Markers For Stress Response.

Hevea brasiliensis is a native species of the Amazon Basin of South America and the primary source of natural rubber worldwide. Due to the occurrence of South American Leaf Blight disease in this area, rubber plantations have been extended to suboptimal regions. Rubber tree breeding is time-consuming and expensive, but molecular markers can serve as a tool for early evaluation, thus reducing time and costs. In this work, we constructed six different cDNA libraries with the aim of developing gene-targeted molecular markers for the rubber tree. A total of 8,263 reads were assembled, generating 5,025 unigenes that were analyzed; 912 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) represented new transcripts, and two sequences were highly up-regulated by cold stress. These unigenes were scanned for microsatellite (SSR) regions and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). In total, 169 novel EST-SSR markers were developed; 138 loci were polymorphic in the rubber tree, and 98 % presented transferability to six other Hevea species. Locus duplication was observed in H. brasiliensis and other species. Additionally, 43 SNP markers in 13 sequences that showed similarity to proteins involved in stress response, latex biosynthesis and developmental processes were characterized. cDNA libraries are a rich source of SSR and SNP markers and enable the identification of new transcripts. The new markers developed here will be a valuable resource for linkage mapping, QTL identification and other studies in the rubber tree and can also be used to evaluate the genetic variability of other Hevea species, which are valuable assets in rubber tree breeding.

Estudo dos efeitos de temporada de treinamento físico sobre a Performance de uma equipe de handebol feminino sub-21

Handball is a sport that demands endurance associated with fast and powerful actions such as jumps, blocks, sprints and throws. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a 38-week systematic physical training applied to a women's under 21 handball team on upper and lower limb power, 30m sprints speed and endurance. The periodization applied was an adaptation of the Verkhoshansky theory, and aimed at two performance peaks during the season with six data collections. The median and range values for three kg medicine ball throwing was: 2.98m (2.15-3.50); 2.84m (2.43-3.20); 2.90m (2.60-3.38); 3.10 (2.83-3.81); 2.84 (2.55-3.57) and 3.34 (2.93-3.83). Regarding the three-pass running test: 5.60m (4.93-6.58); 5.37m (5.04-6.38); 5.36m (4.93-6.12); 5.65m (4.80-6.78); 5.63m (5.00-6.40) and 5.83m (5.14-6.05). Regarding the 30-m sprint test: 5.8m/s (5.45-6.44); 6,64 m/s (6,24-7,09); 5.65m/s (5.17-5.95); (there was not IV moment for this test); 6.19 m/s (5.57-6.26) and 5.83 (5.14-6.05).Regarding the 30-m sprint endurance test until 10% decrease: 4 sprints (4-6); 5 sprints (4-9); 4,5 sprints (4-16); (there was not IV moment for this test); 6 sprints (4-12) and 5 sprints (4-5). Significant differences (p<0.05) were observed in three kg medicine ball throwing and three-pass running tests at least in one of the performance peak planned, with no significant differences in 30-m sprint speed or endurance tests. The applied physical training was efficient at improving the specific physical fitness in the performance peaks, as well as giving support for better physical training adjustment for the upcoming season.

Variáveis objetivas e subjetivas para monitoramento de diferentes ciclos de temporada em jogadores de basquete

The present study aimed to evaluate, compare and relate load and training tiredness during a periodization cycle in basketball players. Eight professional male athletes aged 21.9 ± 3.4 years, all of whom participated in the São Paulo basketball championship, special division, took part in this study. The macrocycle analyzed encompassed 19 weeks divided into the following periods: Preparatory, Competitive I, and Competitive II (having 4, 6, and 9 weeks, respectively). The authors daily evaluated the athletes on subjective perception of tiredness and training load and monitored the athletes' upper limb power by quantifying their ability to throw a medicine ball. Athletes presented less fatigue (p <0.005) in the Preparatory period (13.71 ± 1.30) compared with the Competitive I (14.68 ± 1.51) and Competitive II (14.63 ± 1.22) periods. Their ability to throw the medicine ball decreased (p <0.005) in the Competitive period II (3.59 ± 0.30) compared with the Preparatory (3.80 ± 0.36) and Competitive I (3.86 ± 0.26) periods. Their monotony decreased (p <0.001) in the Competitive period II (1.18 ± 0.43) compared with the Preparatory (2.50 ± 2.01) and Competitive I (2.10 ± 1.61) periods. The results revealed the effectiveness of monitoring load and tiredness of athletes by means of the proposed method to assist in training organization during a macrocycle.

Lesões esportivas em atletas com deficiencia visual

Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Educação Física