El magisterio en la segunda rep??blica : pol??tica educativa del gobierno provisional y primer bienio aza??ista (1931-1933)

Conocer el universo pedag??gico del maestro republicano: plan de formaci??n, selecci??n, perfeccionamiento, etc. Analiza la ense??anza durante el Bienio Aza??ista republicano, estudiando la formaci??n del magisterio primario nacional y su perfeccionamiento, interes??ndose especialmente en el Plan de Formaci??n de 1931 ( todo enmarcado dentro de unas coordenadas hist??ricas imprescindibles) as?? como la Constituci??n, los Presupuestos, etc. 1) La Segunda Rep??blica se impuso metas demasiado ambiciosas al pretender abarcar las necesidades educativas que urg??an al pa??s careciendo de base econ??mica y pol??tica as?? como de infraestructuras. 2) Educativamente, la Segunda Rep??blica puede estudiarse desde varios niveles: a un nivel de ideas, aspiraciones y disposiciones oficiales y a un nivel de consecuencias pr??cticas. 3) La educaci??n de la segunda Rep??blica contienen aspectos pedag??gicos importantes y de actualidad. 4) Los aumentos presupuestarios destinados a ense??anza correspond??an al esfuerzo llevado a cabo en la primera ense??anza. 5) El maestro fue el eje de la reforma emprendida. 6) La Instrucci??n Primaria fue la tarea m??s cuidada y sobre la que se hicieron los proyectos m??s ambiciosos. 7) La cantidad de escuelas creadas no llegaron a ser las deseadas por los republicanos y por lo tanto no se lleg?? al n??mero que precisaba Espa??a.

Prevalencia de las patolog??as del habla, del lenguaje y de la comunicaci??n. Un estudio a lo largo del ciclo vital

Resumen basado en el de la publicaci??n

La cultura visual y los peque??os relatos como desaf??os para la educaci??n art??stica

Resumen basado en el de la publicaci??n

Síntesi de base sòlida de pèptids biarílics contenint 5-arilhistidines

Els aminoàcids biarílics es troben en una àmplia varietat de pèptids naturals amb important activitat biològica. Concretament, les arilhistidines formen part de les aciculitines, pèptids amb activitat citotòxica i antifúngica, La reacció de Suzuki-Miyaura és el mètode més versàtil per obtenir biarils assimètrics, encara que, fins el moment, no s'havia aplicat per a l'arilació de l'imidazole de la histidina. L'objectiu general d'aquesta tesi fou demostrar que es podia arilar l'imidazole de la histidina en fase sòlida mitjançant una reacció de Suzuki-Miyaura. En primer lloc, es sintetitzaren 4(5)-metil-5(4)-fenilimidazole i 4(5)-metil-5(4)-(2-metoxifenil)imidazole a través de l'acoblament creuat entre un N-benzilbromoimidazole i el corresponent àcid arilborònic. Posteriorment, s'arilaren 5-bromohistidines utilitzant diversos àcids arilborònics mitjançant una reacció de Suzuki-Miyaura assistida per irradiació micrones, tant en dissolució com en fase sòlida. I finalment, mitjançant aquesta metodología, es sintetitzaren pèptids antimicrobians contenint 5-arilhistidines actius contra bacteris gram-negatius responsables d'importants malalties en plantes com el foc bacterià.

Gestão da segurança ocupacional nos comboios de Portugal, com enfoque no controlo de riscos do comportamento humano

Durante cinco anos, foi intervencionada e estudada, a sinistralidade laboral numa transportadora ferroviária. O controlo de riscos nela experimentado explorou o potencial preventivo de medidas de controlo do comportamento dos colaboradores, tais como: Formação para promover comportamentos preventivos; Intensificação da prevenção, controlo e recuperação do abuso de álcool e drogas; Informação motivadora para as boas práticas. Consequentemente: inverteu-se rapidamente a tendência crescente da sinistralidade, sem aumentar custos; mantiveram-se, durante um período de continuada redução do efectivo laboral, níveis de sinistralidade laboral inferiores aos verificados no início da pesquisa; demonstrou-se a sustentabilidade financeira do investimento em Segurança e Saúde do Trabalho.

Importación y comercialización de muebles de madera franceses marca Demeyere, caso de aplicación

El propósito del presente trabajo es proporcionar material didáctico para la formación de futuros administradores, a través de la documentación de experiencias reales suscitadas durante el lanzamiento de una empresa nacional dedicada a la importación y comercialización de mubles de origen francés. De esta manera se procura registrar los principales hechos originados durante su creación, operación y cuya continuidad en el futuro no fue posible. Así mismo se busca adaptar dichos acontecimientos a los métodos de enseñanza modernos con el fin de que su estudio y análisis contribuya con un tipo de enseñanza teórico–práctica de futuros profesionales. Por otro lado el caso presentado busca contribuir con material didáctico actualizado, alrededor de un entorno cercano al de los estudiantes ecuatorianos de administración de empresas. La formación del estudiante nacional se enfoca en su mayoría en el estudio de casos prácticos desarrollados en un entorno desconocido por muchos y que rodea a la realidad de grandes empresas corporativas extranjeras. Sin embargo, son muy pocos los casos que reflejan la realidad de la microempresa ecuatoriana y a la cual tienen acceso un importante número de estudiantes. Uno de los objetivos es cubrir esta carencia de información para su uso dentro del proceso de enseñanza nacional. El material presentado describe un entorno macroeconómico bajo el cual se desarrollan las principales actividades de la empresa en cuestión. Así mismo brinda información relacionada con la industria del mueble en el Ecuador, con el fin de que el estudiante se sitúe en un medio cercano y sobre todo actual a su realidad. De esta manera se narran de manera didáctica y cronológica los diferentes hechos originados durante el tiempo de operación de la empresa de muebles Demeyere en el Ecuador. Con el planteamiento del caso se espera incentivar y desarrollar en el estudiante capacidades de análisis, procesamiento de información, toma de decisiones y enfoque estratégico en los negocios. De esta manera se procura contribuir con su formación académica y profesional.

Epidemiology's Role in the Creation of a Humane World: Convergences and Divergences Among the Schools: Editorial

This plea for changes in the way epidemiology is practiced presumes a progressive spirit among many readers, sharing a desire and in a position to serve humanity. The criteria used to begin this study of our role in the development of epidemiology is not simply a matter of technocratic formulae, but is based, rather on a committed point of view about the human dimension in the development of epidemiology. The aim is to generate propositions that will eliminate processes that destroy and threaten human life, promoting, instead, supportive measures and processes to protect society, the family and the individual.

Storm Tracking and eScience

A new 'storm-tracking approach' to analysing the prediction of storms by different forecast systems has recently been developed. This paper provides a brief illustration of the type of results/information that can be obtained using the approach. It also describes in detail how eScience methodologies have been used to help apply the storm-tracking approach to very large datasets

Regional Differences in the Prediction of Extratropical Cyclones by the ECMWF Ensemble Prediction System

A regional study of the prediction of extratropical cyclones by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Ensemble Prediction System (EPS) has been performed. An objective feature-tracking method has been used to identify and track the cyclones along the forecast trajectories. Forecast error statistics have then been produced for the position, intensity, and propagation speed of the storms. In previous work, data limitations meant it was only possible to present the diagnostics for the entire Northern Hemisphere (NH) or Southern Hemisphere. A larger data sample has allowed the diagnostics to be computed separately for smaller regions around the globe and has made it possible to explore the regional differences in the prediction of storms by the EPS. Results show that in the NH there is a larger ensemble mean error in the position of storms over the Atlantic Ocean. Further analysis revealed that this is mainly due to errors in the prediction of storm propagation speed rather than in direction. Forecast storms propagate too slowly in all regions, but the bias is about 2 times as large in the NH Atlantic region. The results show that storm intensity is generally overpredicted over the ocean and underpredicted over the land and that the absolute error in intensity is larger over the ocean than over the land. In the NH, large errors occur in the prediction of the intensity of storms that originate as tropical cyclones but then move into the extratropics. The ensemble is underdispersive for the intensity of cyclones (i.e., the spread is smaller than the mean error) in all regions. The spatial patterns of the ensemble mean error and ensemble spread are very different for the intensity of cyclones. Spatial distributions of the ensemble mean error suggest that large errors occur during the growth phase of storm development, but this is not indicated by the spatial distributions of the ensemble spread. In the NH there are further differences. First, the large errors in the prediction of the intensity of cyclones that originate in the tropics are not indicated by the spread. Second, the ensemble mean error is larger over the Pacific Ocean than over the Atlantic, whereas the opposite is true for the spread. The use of a storm-tracking approach, to both weather forecasters and developers of forecast systems, is also discussed.

Systemic and persistent effect of neem (Azadirachta indica) formulations against root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne javanica and their storage life

Neem leaves, neem cake (a by-product left after the extraction of oil from neem seed) and a commercially refined product aza (azadirachtin) extracted from seed were evaluated. Aqueous extracts of crude neem formulations used as a seedling dip treatment significantly reduced the number of females and egg masses in roots whereas the refined one did not. A split-root technique was used to demonstrate the translocation of active compounds within a plant and their subsequent effect on the development of nematodes. When applied to the root portion all formulations significantly reduced the number of egg masses and eggs per egg mass. Whereas on the untreated root portion, neem cake at 3% w/w and aza at 0.1% w/w significantly reduced the number of egg masses as compared with neem leaves at 3% w/w, aza at 0.05% and control. All the neern formulations significantly reduced the number of eggs per egg mass on' the untreated root portion. The effect of neem leaves and cake on the development of root-knot nematodes was tested at 2, 4, 6, 8, and 16 weeks after their application to soil. Even after 16 weeks all the treatments significantly reduced the galling index and number of egg masses but their effectiveness declined over time. After storing neem leaves, cake and aza for 8 months under ambient conditions the efficacy of neem leaves and aza, against root-knot nematodes, remained stable whereas that of cake declined. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Ventilation rates in schools and pupil’s performance using computerized assessment tests

Research shows that poor indoor air quality (IAQ) in school buildings can cause a reduction in the students’ performance assessed by short-term computer-based tests; whereas good air quality in classrooms can enhance children's concentration and also teachers’ productivity. Investigation of air quality in classrooms helps us to characterise pollutant levels and implement corrective measures. Outdoor pollution, ventilation equipment, furnishings, and human activities affect IAQ. In school classrooms, the occupancy density is high (1.8–2.4 m2/person) compared to offices (10 m2/person). Ventilation systems expend energy and there is a trend to save energy by reducing ventilation rates. We need to establish the minimum acceptable level of fresh air required for the health of the occupants. This paper describes a project, which will aim to investigate the effect of IAQ and ventilation rates on pupils’ performance and health using psychological tests. The aim is to recommend suitable ventilation rates for classrooms and examine the suitability of the air quality guidelines for classrooms. The air quality, ventilation rates and pupils’ performance in classrooms will be evaluated in parallel measurements. In addition, Visual Analogue Scales will be used to assess subjective perception of the classroom environment and SBS symptoms. Pupil performance will be measured with Computerised Assessment Tests (CAT), and Pen and Paper Performance Tasks while physical parameters of the classroom environment will be recorded using an advanced data logging system. A total number of 20 primary schools in the Reading area are expected to participate in the present investigation, and the pupils participating in this study will be within the age group of 9–11 years. On completion of the project, based on the overall data recommendations for suitable ventilation rates for schools will be formulated.

How contractors price risk in bids: theory and practice

Formal and analytical models that contractors can use to assess and price project risk at the tender stage have proliferated in recent years. However, they are rarely used in practice. Introducing more models would, therefore, not necessarily help. A better understanding is needed of how contractors arrive at a bid price in practice, and how, and in what circumstances, risk apportionment actually influences pricing levels. More than 60 proposed risk models for contractors that are published in journals were examined and classified. Then exploratory interviews with five UK contractors and documentary analyses on how contractors price work generally and risk specifically were carried out to help in comparing the propositions from the literature to what contractors actually do. No comprehensive literature on the real bidding processes used in practice was found, and there is no evidence that pricing is systematic. Hence, systematic risk and pricing models for contractors may have no justifiable basis. Contractors process their bids through certain tendering gateways. They acknowledge the risk that they should price. However, the final settlement depends on a set of complex, micro-economic factors. Hence, risk accountability may be smaller than its true cost to the contractor. Risk apportionment occurs at three stages of the whole bid-pricing process. However, analytical approaches tend not to incorporate this, although they could.

The role of visual and nonvisual information in the control of locomotion

During locomotion, retinal flow, gaze angle, and vestibular information can contribute to one's perception of self-motion. Their respective roles were investigated during active steering: Retinal flow and gaze angle were biased by altering the visual information during computer-simulated locomotion, and vestibular information was controlled through use of a motorized chair that rotated the participant around his or her vertical axis. Chair rotation was made appropriate for the steering response of the participant or made inappropriate by rotating a proportion of the veridical amount. Large steering errors resulted from selective manipulation of retinal flow and gaze angle, and the pattern of errors provided strong evidence for an additive model of combination. Vestibular information had little or no effect on steering performance, suggesting that vestibular signals are not integrated with visual information for the control of steering at these speeds.

Risky attitudes towards road use in pre-drivers

Motor vehicle accidents are one of the principal causes of adolescent disability or mortality and male drivers are more likely to be involved in road accidents than female drivers. In part such associations between driver age and sex have been linked to differences in risky behaviour (e.g. speed, violations) and individual characteristics (e.g. sensation seeking, deviant behaviour). The aim of this research is to determine whether associations between risky road user behaviour and individual characteristics are a function of driver behaviour or whether they are intrinsic and measurable in individuals too young to drive. Five hundred and sixty-seven pre-driver students aged 11-16 from three secondary schools completed questionnaires measuring enthusiasm for speed, sensation seeking, deviant behaviour and attitudes towards driver violations. Boys reported more risky attitudes than girls for all measures. Associations between sensation seeking, deviant behaviour and attitudes towards risky road use were present from early adolescence and were strongest around age 14, before individuals learn to drive. Risky attitudes towards road use are associated with individual characteristics and are observed in adolescents long before they learn to drive. Safe attitudes towards road use and driver behaviour should be promoted from childhood in order to be effective. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.