1000 resultados para b*
Resumo:
The global prevalence of hepatitis B virus is estimated to be 350 million chronic carriers, varying widely from low (<2%, as in Western Europe, North America, New Zealand, Australia, and Japan) to high (>8% as in Africa, Southeast Asia, and China). The overall prevalence in Brazil is about 8%. There are currently 7 genotypic variations, from A to G, and also 4 main surface antigen subtypes: adw, ayw, adr, and ayr. There has been great interest in identifying the geographic distribution and prognosis associated with the various genotypes and subtypes. Although the serologic test is highly sensitive and specific, it does not detect cases of mutant hepatitis B, which is increasingly common worldwide due to resistance and vaccine escape, antiviral therapy, and immunosuppression, among other causes. Alterations in surface, polymerase, X region, core, and precore genes have been described. The main mutations occur in surface and in core/precore genes, also known as occult hepatitis, since its serologic markers of active infection (HBsAg) and viral replication (HBeAg) can be negative. Thus, mutation should be suspected when serologic tests to hepatitis B show control of immunity or replication coincident with worsened clinical status and exclusion of other causes of hepatitis.
Resumo:
Haemophilus influenzae is one of the most important bacterial agents of otitis and sinusitis. H. influenzae type b (Hib) is one of the main causes of meningitis, pneumonia, and septicemia in nonvaccinated children under 6 years of age. The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of H. influenzae and Hib oropharyngeal colonization prior to the onset of the Hib vaccination program in Brazil in previously healthy children and to assess the susceptibility profile of this microorganism to a selected group of antimicrobials that are used to treat acute respiratory infections. METHOD: Cultures of Haemophilus influenzae were made from oropharynx swabs from 987 children under 6 years of age who were enrolled in 29 day-care centers in Taubat (a city of So Paulo state, Brazil) between July and December 1998. RESULTS: The prevalence of H. influenzae carriers was 17.4%, and only 5.5% of the strains were beta-lactamase producers. The prevalence of Hib carriers was high, 7.3% on average (range, 0.0 - 33.3%). CONCLUSIONS: The low prevalence of colonization by penicillin-resistant strains indicates that it is not necessary to substitute ampicilin or amoxicilin to effectively treat otitis and sinusitis caused by H. influenzae in Taubat.
Resumo:
Neste trabalho, objetivou-se a caracterizao de uma enfermidade ainda nova para o Estado do Acre, na castanha-do-brasil (Bertholletia. excelsa), onde, aps, exames macro e microscpios, foi constatado que tal doena era causada pelo fungo do gnero Colletotrichumsp. Em pesquisas de laboratrio, foi testada a eficincia de quatro produtos qumicos: MONCOZEB, BENOMYL, TIABENDAZOLE e PCNB, na inibio do desenvolvimento micelial "in vitro" do fungo Colletotrichumsp. Os resultados indicaram que apenas o Moncozeb no apresentou efeito inibidor sobre o crescimento do fungo. Os demais inibiram totalmente o crescimento micelial do fungo estudado.
Resumo:
Composition of the male flowers of peach palm(Bactris gasipaes H.E.K., Palmae). Male flowers of, peach palm ore occasionally consumed as a vegetable 0r, mixed with other ingredients, as a condiment. Three sample were analysed to discover their nutritional values. These flowers contain law levels of protein (1.2% and fats (2.8%)and reasonable levels of able levels of carboidrates (15%); nutritional value is low.
Resumo:
A pupunha aparentemente, possui duas estratgias que asseguram a sua polinizao cruzada. Uma delas parece ser um fator gentico quantitativo que inibe a auto-polinizao. Para estudar este fator, duas series de polinizao controlada foram feitas em duas diferentes populaes juvenis. A primeira populao apresentou uma media, de 19,2% de auto-compatibilidade, medida em percentagem de frutos frteis produzidos em relao a todas as flores. Entretanto, o coeficiente de variao foi extremamente alto. A polinizao aberta em algumas plantas produziu 22% de frutos frteis, com um coeficiente de variao menor, sugerindo que, o " fruit set" foi, em geral, baixo nutria populao, naquela vez. A segunda populao, apresentou em media 37,62% de auto-compatibilidade, com um coeficiente de variao menor. Variao entre as rvores foi tambm detectada e mostrou ser considervel. Alm do mais, a auto-compatibilidade variou de 0 a 81%, em distribuio normal. 0 uso de plantas juvenis pode ser a razo da alta variabilidade entre plantas. Apesar da pouca auto-compatibilidade encontrada nestas populaes, esta caracterstica recomendada como descritor para bancos de germoplasma e deve ser obtida em plantas adultas para evitar a alta variabilidade juvenil.
Resumo:
Bees visiting flowers of Bertholletia excelsa. (Brazil Nut tree) and Couratari tenuicarpa were collected, their behavior described and the pollen found clinging to their dorsal thorax and stored on their legs was identified. Female bees of Xylocopa frontalis(Olivier) and males of Eulaema mocsaryi (Friese) are apparently effective pollinators of Couratari in igap near Manaus. Female bees of Euplusia seabrai Moure in litt., Epicharis umbraculata (Fabricius), Epicharis rustica (Olivier) and Eulaema nigrita(Lepeletier), as well as male bees of Eulaema cingulata(Fabricius) and Eulaema nigrita are apparently effective pollinators of adult Brazil Nut trees in the Aleixo plantation near Manaus. Only large bees capable of uncurling the floral androecium can effectively pollinate Couratari or Bertholletia.Pollen analysis indicated that all bees captured carried pollen of the host tree in question and had been foraging on flowers of plant species common in secondary growth. Secondary growth near the Aleixo plantation supports a bee guild which appeared to effectively pollinate almost every flower on the Brazil Nut tree studied. Proximity to primary forest (and to those Euglossine bee species which occur only in primary forest) therefore does not appear to be necessary for pollination of Brazil Nut trees.In the Aleixo plantation chronic low fruit set is probably due to some factor other than pollination. Since natural occurrences of Brazil Nut trees to the north and south of Manaus are associated with a higher soil fertility, low production at the Aleixo plantation may be due to deficiencies of the soil.
Resumo:
A rea foliar um importante parmetro de crescimento e est diretamente relacio nada com a produo de frutos. Neste trabalho estimou-se a rea foliar da pupunheina (Bactris gasipaes H.B.K.) em trs diferentes acessos que representam as populaes de Benjamin Constant, Coari e Rio Preto da Eva, no Estado do Amazonas,Brasil. Primeiro com parou-se o coeficiente de regresso entre a rea verdadeira e a rea retangular dos fololos para determinar a similaridade entre as pupunheiras da Amaznia e as da Amrica Central. A seguir, estimou-se a rea foliar de trs folhas/plantas e trs plantas/acesso para cada populao. O nmero de fololos, a mdia do comprimento e da largura mxima de uma amostra de seis fololos e um fator de correo, permitem fazer esta estimativa. Determinou-se que os trs acessos so significativamente diferentes quanto a este parme tro, sugerindo que a rea foliar e seus componentes so descritores de importncia, tan to na descrio de populaes como no melhoramento gentico da espcie.
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Este trabalho tem como objetivo a identificao dos insetos visitantes e polinizadores das flores do "dend" Elaeis guineensis Jacq., e do "caiau" Elaeis oleifera (H.B.K) Corts, atrves de coletas em locais e horrios diferentes, quando as inflorescncias masculinas das plantas encontravam-se em plena antese. Um total de 159 insetos foram observados tendo sido constatado dentre os diversos tipos de visitantes, os melipondeos: Trigona sp. ("dend" e "caiau"), Apis mellifera adansonni e Partamona sp. ("dend"). Constatou-se ainda a presena de uma quantidade razovel de insetos da famlia Curculionidae do gnero Elaeidobius, que voavam em torno das inflorescncias, sendo evidente a sua participao na polinizao das espcies estudadas. Alm disso, verificou-se a presena de larvas de um coloptero da famlia lycidae, junto as inflorescncias das plantas.
Resumo:
^aPejibaye (Bactris gasipaes H.B.K., Palmae) has considerable potential as an oil crop and breeding programs are being planned. Fruit mesocarp centesimal variation within a fraction of the oiliest progeny found to date (318P) is presented, with an analysis of the correlations among these components. None of the progeny approached the maternal level of 61.7% of dry weight. Fats and carbohydrates are highly and negatively correlated.
Resumo:
The pejibaye heart of palm is becoming an agro-industrial export crop in Latin America. The nurseryman needs an efficient, cheap method for germinating large quantities of seed that are currently difficult to obtain. A new method is described for germinating large quantities of seed, in small areas, with 90+% germination within a month. This is better than previously used methods and is recommended for agro-industry scale enterprises.
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The immune system comprises of different cell types whose role is to protect us against pathogens. This thesis investigates a very important mechanism for our organism protection in a specific disorder: cross-presentation in Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome (WAS). WAS is caused by loss-of-function mutations in the cytoskeletal regulator WASp and WAS patients suffer from eczema, thrombocytopenia, and immunodeficiency. X-linked neutropenia (XLN) is caused by gain-of-function mutations in WASp and XLN patients suffer from severe congenital neutropenia and immunodeficiency. This thesis was focused on the role of B and T lymphocytes and dendritic cells (DCs). This work will be divided into two main topics: 1) In the first part I studied the capacity of B cells to take up, degrade and present antigen. Moreover I studied the capacity of B cells to induce T cell proliferation. 2) In the second part, I studied T cell proliferation induced by dendritic cells. To increase our understanding about this mechanism, additional experiments were performed, including acidification capacity of CD8+ and CD8- DCs, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production since it is directly connected to acidification. These assays were measured by flow cytometry. Localization of Rac1 and Rac2 GTPases was assessed by confocal microscopy. Proliferation, acidification and ROS production assays were performed also with cells from X-linked neutropenia (XLN) mice. From this study we concluded that B cells cannot induce CD8+ T cell proliferation however they take up and present antigen. Moreover I have shown that increased cross-presentation by WASp KO DCs with ovalbumin is associated with decreased capacity to acidify endosomal compartment; and WASp KO CD8- DCs have increased Rac2 localization to the phagosome. XLN dendritic cells have similar acidification and ROS production capacity than wildtype cells. In conclusion, our data suggests that WASp regulates antigen processing and presentation in DCs.
Resumo:
RESUMOQuatro cultivares de bertalha (Basella alba L. syn B. rubra) foram comparadas em um experimento instalado em Ouro Preto D'Oeste, Rondnia, de janeiro a abril de 1985. As cultivares usadas foram: INPA 80, INPA 81, TAT e CALCUT. Os resultados apresentaram diferenas significativas entre cultivares para a produo de galhos e folhas no segundo corte e produo toral. A cultivar TAT foi a que melhor se comportou, produzindo, respectivamente 685 e 992 g/planta no 2ocorte e produo total.
Resumo:
Trs parcelas experimentais de Bertholletia excelsa (Castanha-do- Brasil) foram implantadas na Estao Experimental de Silvicultura Tropical do INPA/Manaus, em 1980, com o objetivo de obter dados sobre o crescimento da espcie com fins de produo de madeira e frutos. O sistema de plantio adotado foi em plena abertura, sobre Latossolo vermelho-amarelo, no espaamento de 3,0 x 3,0 m. Foram observados, aos 10 anos, os seguintes resultados, dimetro mdio (DAP) de 13,9 cm e a altura total mdia de 15,41 m; os valores mximos de dimetros e alturas encontrados foram de 21,7 cm e 23,0 m. respectivamente; a rea basal mdia por hectare foi de 11,7098 nr. correspondendo a um volume mdio de 117391 m3/ha; a espcie apresentou tima desrama natural, boa adaptao ao Latossolo vermelho - amarelo, 69,44% de sobrevivncia mdia, boa forma de fuste, no tendo sido verificadas doenas ou pragas.
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Relatrio de estgio de mestrado em Ensino de Matemtica no 3. Ciclo do Ensino Bsico e no Ensino Secundrio
Resumo:
São apresentados os resultados da substituição do fubá de milho por farinha de pupunha, através do desempenho em crescimento e composição corporal de alevinos de tambaqui, alimentados durante 112dias com quatro dietas, constituídas de uma ração padrão e três níveis de substituição do fubá de milho. Osresultados demonstram que a farinha de pupunha pode substituir completamente o fubá de milho nas dietas para estes alevinos, sem afetar seu desempenho e composição corporal.
