L'évolution du discours sur le secret médical en France entre 1750 et 1900

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

Das Bistum Salzburg 2. Das Augustinerchorherrenstift St. Zeno in Reichenhall

Im zweiten Band der Germania Sacra zum Erzbistum Salzburg behandelt Johannes Lang das 1136 gegründete Augustiner-Chorherrenstift St. Zeno in Reichenhall bis zu seiner Aufhebung 1803. Als einzige eigenständige Gründung des Salzburger Erzbischofs Konrad von Abenberg besaß das Kloster zunächst eine wichtige politische Funktion als Brückenkopf der Salzburger Kirche in der wirtschaftlich wichtigen Salinenstadt Reichenhall. Ab dem Spätmittelalter erlangte das Stift, der Ausrichtung des Ordens gemäß, nicht nur für die unmittelbare Bevölkerung, sondern auch für weiter entfernte Gebiete eine starke seelsorgliche Bedeutung. Gleichzeitig entwickelte sich St. Zeno zum geistlichen, geistigen und kulturellen Zentrum der gesamten Region. Analog zu den inkorporierten Pfarreien erstreckte sich der Grundbesitz des Chorherrenstifts auf bayerisches, salzburgisches, tirolisches und österreichisches Gebiet. Gleichwohl schöpfte das Kloster seinen größten Reichtum aus der eigenen Salzproduktion, die bis zum Jahre 1616 aufrechterhalten wurde. Der abschließende Katalog behandelt die Pröpste und die zeitweilig große Zahl von Konventualen, die auch in den auswärtigen Pfarreien eingesetzt waren.

Modeling the Network of Dutch and Flemish Print Production, 1550-1750

The production of artistic prints in the sixteenth- and seventeenth-century Netherlands was an inherently social process. Turning out prints at any reasonable scale depended on the fluid coordination between designers, platecutters, and publishers; roles that, by the sixteenth century, were considered distinguished enough to merit distinct credits engraved on the plates themselves: invenit, fecit/sculpsit, and excudit. While any one designer, plate cutter, and publisher could potentially exercise a great deal of influence over the production of a single print, their individual decisions (Whom to select as an engraver? What subjects to create for a print design? What market to sell to?) would have been variously constrained or encouraged by their position in this larger network (Who do they already know? And who, in turn, do their contacts know?) This dissertation addresses the impact of these constraints and affordances through the novel application of computational social network analysis to major databases of surviving prints from this period. This approach is used to evaluate several questions about trends in early modern print production practices that have not been satisfactorily addressed by traditional literature based on case studies alone: Did the social capital demanded by print production result in centralized, or distributed production of prints? When, and to what extent, did printmakers and publishers in the Low countries favor international versus domestic collaborators? And were printmakers under the same pressure as painters to specialize in particular artistic genres? This dissertation ultimately suggests how simple professional incentives endemic to the practice of printmaking may, at large scales, have resulted in quite complex patterns of collaboration and production. The framework of network analysis surfaces the role of certain printmakers who tend to be neglected in aesthetically-focused histories of art. This approach also highlights important issues concerning art historians’ balancing of individual influence versus the impact of longue durée trends. Finally, this dissertation also raises questions about the current limitations and future possibilities of combining computational methods with cultural heritage datasets in the pursuit of historical research.

The standardisation of Scottish Gaelic orthography 1750-2007: a corpus approach

This thesis investigates the standardisation of Modern Scottish Gaelic orthography from the mid-eighteenth century to the twenty-first. It presents the results of the first corpus-based analysis of Modern Scottish Gaelic orthographic development combined with an analytic approach that places orthographic choices in their sociolinguistic context. The theoretical framework behind the analysis centres on discussion of how the language ideologies of the phonographic ideal, historicism, autonomy, vernacularism and the ideology of the standard itself have shaped orthographic conventions and debates. It argues that current spelling norms reflect an orthography that is the result of compromise, historical factors and pragmatic function. The research uses a digital corpus to examine how three particular features have been used over time: the dialect variation between <eu> and <ia>; variation in s + stop consonant clusters (sd/st, sg/sc, sb/sp); and the use of the grave and acute accents. Evidence is drawn from the Corpas na Gàidhlig electronic corpus created at the University of Glasgow: the sub-corpus used in this study includes 117 published texts representing a period of over 250 years from 1750 to 2007, and a total size of over four and a quarter million words. The results confirm a key period of reform between 1750 and the early nineteenth century, and thereafter a settled norm being established in the early nineteenth century. Since then, some variation has been acceptable although changes and reform of some features have centred on increasing uniformity and regularisation.

Interaction-free measurements by quantum Zeno stabilization of ultracold atoms

Quantum mechanics predicts that our physical reality is influenced by events that can potentially happen but factually do not occur. Interaction-free measurements (IFMs) exploit this counterintuitive influence to detect the presence of an object without requiring any interaction with it. Here we propose and realize an IFM concept based on an unstable many-particle system. In our experiments, we employ an ultracold gas in an unstable spin configuration, which can undergo a rapid decay. The object-realized by a laser beam-prevents this decay because of the indirect quantum Zeno effect and thus, its presence can be detected without interacting with a single atom. Contrary to existing proposals, our IFM does not require single-particle sources and is only weakly affected by losses and decoherence. We demonstrate confidence levels of 90%, well beyond previous optical experiments.

Poder sobre as periferias : A Casa de Bragança e o governo das terras no Alentejo (1640-1668)

Esta dissertação estuda as relações políticas entre a casa de Bragança e os poderes locais nos concelhos de Vila Viçosa, Arraiolos e Monsaraz, entre 1640 e 1668, a partir da prerrogativa jurisdicional de confirmar as vereações. A reconstituição dos autos eleitorais permitiu comparar o procedimento eleitoral que era seguido nas terras da casa de Bragança com o que era seguido na maioria dos concelhos do reino e avaliar comparativamente o peso da autoridade da casa de Bragança, do rei e de outros donatários sobre as terras. De seguida, a identificação dos diversos intervenientes no processo eleitoral permitiu caracterizar socialmente as elites locais e avaliar os níveis de coincidência das escolhas para os senados camarários entre as comunidades (periferias) e a Junta da Casa de Bragança (centro). Conclui-se que esta casa senhorial detinha privilégios que lhe reforçavam significativamente a capacidade de dominação sobre as suas áreas jurisdicionais. Summary; This dissertation studies the political relations between the House of Bragança and the local authorities in Vila Viçosa, Arraiolos and Monsaraz, between 1640 and 1668, considering the legal privilege of confirming councilors and other members of town halls senates. The recovery of different electoral documents led to the comparison of electoral procedures in lands ruled by the House of Bragança and those followed in most of the kingdom, and allowed a comparative study of the authority of the House of Bragança, the king and other landlords over its properties. Then, by identifying the different participants of the electoral process, we made a social characterization of local elites and analyzed the similarities of nominations to local town halls senates made by the different communities (peripheral) and by the House of Bragança's administrative council (central power). We concluded that this House detained certain privileges, which reinforced the dominance over the lands within its judicial authority.

Factores de riesgo asociados a retinopatía del prematuro en menor o igual a 1750 gramos al nacer, que requirió tratamiento con láser en Hospital de Niños Benjamín Bloom de Enero 2012 a Diciembre 2013

Las retinas inmaduras de los recién nacidos prematuros son susceptibles a insultos que interrumpen el crecimiento neurovascular, que conduce a la retinopatía de la prematuridad. Por eso es de gran importancia conocer los factores de riesgo que se ven involucrados en la génesis de dicha enfermedad. Objetivos: conocer los factores de riesgos asociados a retinopatía del prematuro menor o igual a 1750 gramos al nacer que requirió tratamiento con láser en el Hospital de Niños Benjamín Bloom de Enero de 2012 a Diciembre 2013. Material y método: se realizó un estudio de tipo descriptivo, de corte retrospectivo en el cual se hará revisión sistemática de los expedientes de los pacientes sin dar a conocer la identidad de los mismos, seleccionando a pacientes menor o igual a 1750 gramos independientemente del sexo, evaluado en Hospital Nacional de Niños Benjamín Bloom y al que se le ha realizado intervención con láser; de los cuales se verificará los factores de riesgo asociados al desarrollo de retinopatía del prematuro en estadios severos, se realizó una hoja de datos en Excel y se utilizó el programa SPSS para la agrupación de los datos, posterior se realizó el análisis de los datos. Resultado: se encontraron 56 casos de prematuros con grado severo de retinopatía que utilizó laser, de los cuales fueron 30 masculinos y 26 femeninos; se excluyeron veinte casos por no cumplir criterios de inclusión. Los dos factores de riesgo principalmente involucrados en la ROP son edad gestacional igual o inferior a 30 semanas de gestación y peso al nacimiento igual o inferior a 1300 gr. Otros factores de riesgo encontrados son: la no ganancia de peso para la edad gestacional con un 92.7%, anemia y transfusión sanguínea con un 76.9%, sepsis temprana y nososcomial, en menor proporción apneas, aplicación de surfactante, administración de esteroides prenatales, el estadio con mayor frecuencia encontrado es el III, el déficit visual y ceguera son las secuelas encontradas en los pacientes con retinopatía severa. Conclusiones: la retinopatía de la prematuridad es una entidad multifactorial en la que cada uno de los factores juega un papel importante en la evolución de dicha patología.

La familia Furlong Malpica y sus áreas de influencia en La Puebla de los Ángeles, 1750-1941. Élites poblanas en la transición del México colonial a la Nación-estado mexicana. ¿Cambio o continuidad?

476 p.

12 Notices du Doupeng xianhua 豆棚閒話 (ca. 1668, par Aina jushi 艾衲居士) (12 chapitres, complet)

International audience

La noblesse montréalaise devant les tribunaux (1750-1793)

Entre la fin du régime français et l’adoption de l’Acte constitutionnel par le Parlement de Londres en 1791, le rapport que la noblesse canadienne entretient avec le système judiciaire civil de la colonie change de façon majeure. Les Canadiens doivent s’adapter au nouveau système mis en place par l’administration britannique de la colonie. En Nouvelle-France, les nobles présentaient leurs différends juridiques civils devant le Tribunal royal, régi par la Coutume de Paris ; à partir de la Cession (1763), ce sont officiellement les lois britanniques qui s’appliquent jusqu’au retour des lois civiles françaises en 1774. Après quelques adaptations, la Cour des Plaidoyers communs devient la cour de prédilection des Canadiens, et par conséquent, de l’ancienne élite militaire. Le système judiciaire constitue un élément important de l’étude de l’évolution de la colonie, car l’attitude de la caste élitaire face aux tribunaux est un indicateur de sa capacité d’adaptation et de son degré d’implication dans la vie sociale.

La noblesse montréalaise devant les tribunaux (1750-1793)

Entre la fin du régime français et l’adoption de l’Acte constitutionnel par le Parlement de Londres en 1791, le rapport que la noblesse canadienne entretient avec le système judiciaire civil de la colonie change de façon majeure. Les Canadiens doivent s’adapter au nouveau système mis en place par l’administration britannique de la colonie. En Nouvelle-France, les nobles présentaient leurs différends juridiques civils devant le Tribunal royal, régi par la Coutume de Paris ; à partir de la Cession (1763), ce sont officiellement les lois britanniques qui s’appliquent jusqu’au retour des lois civiles françaises en 1774. Après quelques adaptations, la Cour des Plaidoyers communs devient la cour de prédilection des Canadiens, et par conséquent, de l’ancienne élite militaire. Le système judiciaire constitue un élément important de l’étude de l’évolution de la colonie, car l’attitude de la caste élitaire face aux tribunaux est un indicateur de sa capacité d’adaptation et de son degré d’implication dans la vie sociale.

Convívios Difíceis: viver, sentir e pensar a violência no Porto na segunda metade de setecentos (1750-1772)

A violência sempre foi um fenómeno inerente à vida humana, por isso abordá-la no passado implica o conhecimento das variáveis que a condicionam. Nesta dissertação quisemos comprovar que são os factores sociais (género, estado civil), económicos (ocupações) e culturais (códigos morais vigentes)os que mais condicionam as práticas violentas na região em estudo. Por outro lado, procurámos perceber se a acção do Estado, com uma crescente influência no quotidiano dos indivíduos, fruto de uma forma própria de governar durante a segunda metade do século, condicionaram as práticas de violência, nomeadamente através de alterações legislativas, organização judiciale práticas de vigilância. Quisemos ainda compreender se alguns factores conjunturais, como altas de preços, sublevações populares, maiores fluxos migratórios e crescimento demográfico, são determinantes para a evolução quantitativa e qualitativa da violência. Para isso, baseámo-nos num corpo documental constituído, maioritariamente, por escrituras de perdão de parte (pela ausência de processos judiciais para o período em estudo), legislação, correspondência da Intendência Geral da Polícia e do Ministério do Reino, além de outros fundos de origem municipal.

O género sonata em Portugal: subsídios para o estudo do repertório português para tecla de 1750 a 1807

O repertório português para instrumentos de tecla da segunda metade do século XVIII encontra-se disperso em bibliotecas e arquivos, em Portugal e no estrangeiro, essencialmente sob a forma de manuscrito. Neste repertório, a sonata emerge como um género musical de grande importância. De facto, as duas coleções de sonatas publicadas na época constituem as únicas obras para instrumentos de tecla impressas em Portugal durante todo esse século. O objetivo deste trabalho é realizar um inventário do repertório português composto para instrumentos de tecla durante o período acima descrito, focando a respectiva descrição formal e as características composicionais das sonatas em geral, e na produção de cada compositor português em particular, bem como as suas biografias e perfis. De forma a estudar a sonata portuguesa e o seu desenvolvimento no período compreendido entre 1750–1807, foi realizado um levantamento das obras portuguesas existentes para instrumentos de tecla deste período. Este levantamento foi acompanhado por pesquisas biográficas sobre cada compositor e por uma abordagem analítica baseada na Teoria da Sonata de James Hepokoski e Warren Darcy. A divisão deste período em dois subperíodos demonstra variações significativas na evolução da sonata portuguesa. O estudo deste repertório demonstra que a sonata é o género musical predominante e define o modelo da sonata portuguesa deste período, para além de caracterizar o desenvolvimento da sonata em Portugal em paralelo com o desenvolvimento deste género musical em Itália e Espanha; ABSTRACT: The Sonata Genre in Portugal: Contributions for the Study of the Portuguese Keyboard Repertory from 1750 to 1807 The extant Portuguese repertory of the second half of the eighteenth century for keyboard instruments is dispersed in libraries and archives, in Portugal and abroad, mainly in manuscript form. In that repertory, the sonata emerges as a genre of great importance. Indeed, the two collections of sonatas published at the time are the only works for keyboard instruments printed in Portugal throughout the entire century. The aim of the present work is to make an inventory of the Portuguese repertory written for keyboard instruments during the above-mentioned period, with a focus on its formal description and the compositional characteristics of the sonatas in general and in the production of each Portuguese composer in particular, in addition to the biographies and profiles of the latter. In order to study the Portuguese sonata and its development in the period comprised between 1750–1807, a survey of the existing Portuguese works for keyboard instruments from that period was done. This survey was followed by a research on the biography of each composer and an analytic approach based on the Sonata Theory by James Hepokoski and Warren Darcy. Dividing this period in two sub periods showed significant variations on the evolution of the Portuguese sonata. The study of this repertory shows that the sonata is the predominant musical genre within it and identifies the Portuguese sonata model of this period, besides characterizing the development of the sonata in Portugal in parallel with the development of the same genre in Italy and Spain.