Efficient wireless power delivery for biomedical implants

Power delivery for biomedical implants is a major consideration in their design for both measurement and stimulation. When performed by a wireless technique, transmission efficiency is critically important not only because of the costs associated with any losses but also because of the nature of those losses, for example, excessive heat can be uncomfortable for the individual involved. In this study, a method and means of wireless power transmission suitable for biomedical implants are both discussed and experimentally evaluated. The procedure initiated is comparable in size and simplicity to those methods already employed; however, some of Tesla’s fundamental ideas have been incorporated in order to obtain a significant improvement in efficiency. This study contains a theoretical basis for the approach taken; however, the emphasis here is on practical experimental analysis.

Single-carrier frequency domain equalisation for hammerstein communication systems using complex-valued neural networks

Single-carrier (SC) block transmission with frequency-domain equalisation (FDE) offers a viable transmission technology for combating the adverse effects of long dispersive channels encountered in high-rate broadband wireless communication systems. However, for high bandwidthefficiency and high power-efficiency systems, the channel can generally be modelled by the Hammerstein system that includes the nonlinear distortion effects of the high power amplifier (HPA) at transmitter. For such nonlinear Hammerstein channels, the standard SC-FDE scheme no longer works. This paper advocates a complex-valued (CV) B-spline neural network based nonlinear SC-FDE scheme for Hammerstein channels. Specifically, We model the nonlinear HPA, which represents the CV static nonlinearity of the Hammerstein channel, by a CV B-spline neural network, and we develop two efficient alternating least squares schemes for estimating the parameters of the Hammerstein channel, including both the channel impulse response coefficients and the parameters of the CV B-spline model. We also use another CV B-spline neural network to model the inversion of the nonlinear HPA, and the parameters of this inverting B-spline model can easily be estimated using the standard least squares algorithm based on the pseudo training data obtained as a natural byproduct of the Hammerstein channel identification. Equalisation of the SC Hammerstein channel can then be accomplished by the usual one-tap linear equalisation in frequency domain as well as the inverse B-spline neural network model obtained in time domain. Extensive simulation results are included to demonstrate the effectiveness of our nonlinear SC-FDE scheme for Hammerstein channels.

Body-centric modelling, identification, and acceleration tracking control of a quadrotor UAV

This paper presents the mathematical development of a body-centric nonlinear dynamic model of a quadrotor UAV that is suitable for the development of biologically inspired navigation strategies. Analytical approximations are used to find an initial guess of the parameters of the nonlinear model, then parameter estimation methods are used to refine the model parameters using the data obtained from onboard sensors during flight. Due to the unstable nature of the quadrotor model, the identification process is performed with the system in closed-loop control of attitude angles. The obtained model parameters are validated using real unseen experimental data. Based on the identified model, a Linear-Quadratic (LQ) optimal tracker is designed to stabilize the quadrotor and facilitate its translational control by tracking body accelerations. The LQ tracker is tested on an experimental quadrotor UAV and the obtained results are a further means to validate the quality of the estimated model. The unique formulation of the control problem in the body frame makes the controller better suited for bio-inspired navigation and guidance strategies than conventional attitude or position based control systems that can be found in the existing literature.

DC Motor Speed Control via Fuzzy / Pole Placement / PI Controller

This report presents a new way of control engineering. Dc motor speed controlled by three controllers PID, pole placement and Fuzzy controller and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of each controller for different conditions under loaded and unloaded scenarios using software Matlab. The brushless series wound Dc motor is very popular in industrial application and control systems because of the high torque density, high efficiency and small size. First suitable equations are developed for DC motor. PID controller is developed and tuned in order to get faster step response. The simulation results of PID controller provide very good results and the controller is further tuned in order to decrease its overshoot error which is common in PID controllers. Further it is purposed that in industrial environment these controllers are better than others controllers as PID controllers are easy to tuned and cheap. Pole placement controller is the best example of control engineering. An addition of integrator reduced the noise disturbances in pole placement controller and this makes it a good choice for industrial applications. The fuzzy controller is introduce with a DC chopper to make the DC motor speed control smooth and almost no steady state error is observed. Another advantage is achieved in fuzzy controller that the simulations of three different controllers are compared and concluded from the results that Fuzzy controller outperforms to PID controller in terms of steady state error and smooth step response. While Pole placement controller have no comparison in terms of controls because designer can change the step response according to nature of control systems, so this controller provide wide range of control over a system. Poles location change the step response in a sense that if poles are near to origin then step response of motor is fast. Finally a GUI of these three controllers are developed which allow the user to select any controller and change its parameters according to the situation.

Thermal energy storage in Swedish single family houses : a case study

In a Nordic climate, space heating (SH) and domestic hot water (DHW) used in buildings constitute a considerable part of the total energy use in the country. For 2010, energy used for SH and DHW amounted to almost 90 TWh in Sweden which corresponds to 60 % of the energy used in the residential and service sector, or almost 24 % of the total final energy use for the country. Storing heat and cold with the use of thermal energy storage (TES) can be one way of increasing the energy efficiency of a building by opening up possibilities for alternative sources of heat or cold through a reduced mismatch between supply and demand. Thermal energy storage without the use of specific control systems are said to be passive and different applications using passive TES have been shown to increase energy efficiency and/or reduce power peaks of systems supplying the heating and cooling needs of buildings, as well as having an effect on the indoor climate. Results are however not consistent between studies and focus tend to be on the reduction of cooling energy or cooling power peaks. In this paper, passive TES introduced through an increased thermal mass in the building envelope to two single family houses with different insulation standard is investigated with building energy simulations. A Nordic climate is used and the focus of this study is both on the reduction of space heating demand and space heating power, as well as on reduction of excess temperatures in residential single family houses without active cooling systems. Care is taken to keep the building envelope characteristics other than the thermal mass equal for all cases so that any observations made can be derived to the change in thermal mass. Results show that increasing the sensible thermal mass in a single family house can reduce the heating demand only slightly (1-4 %) and reduce excess temperatures (temperatures above 24 degrees C) by up to 20 %. Adding a layer of PCM (phase change materials) to the light building construction can give similar reduction in heating demand and excess temperatures, however the phase change temperature is important for the results.

Supervision as control system : the design of supervision as a regulatory instrument in the social services sector in Sweden

In this article, the prevailing official view of supervision as a regulatory instrument is examined as it applies to the social services sector in Sweden. The study is based on a comparison of the views expressed on the design of supervision as a regulatory instrument by two government commissions, the Supervision Commission and the Commission on Supervision within the Social Services (UTIS), and on the positions taken by the Government regarding the definitions of the concept of supervision proposed by these commissions. The view of supervision as a regulatory instrument expressed in these policy documents is analysed with the help of a theoretical framework describing the components, their functions and the governance characteristics of control systems. In the framework separate interrelated characteristics of the components are identified and summarized into two models of control systems. The analysis shows that supervision in the Swedish social services sector can be described in terms of both a disciplinary and non-disciplinary system. By its system theoretical basis and the identification of interrelated characteristics the study contributes to a broadened understanding of the construction and functions of supervision as a regulatory instrument and of how supervision within the Swedish social sector is meant to be designed.

Museus federais : a aplicação de modernas técnicas de gestão para lidar com as ameaças ao seu desempenho

Os museus federais, de um modo geral, nas duas últimas décadas, têm apresentado resultados satisfatórios no desempenho de sua missão básica - preservação e difusão do acervo que detêm - sem, necessariamente, contar para isso com apoio e recursos governamentais expressivos. Ao contrário, integrantes de uma área de governo sabidamente desfavorecida de recursos orçamentários, bem como de interesse político, desprovida, ainda, de quadros altamente qualificados, desenvolveram soluções próprias e um estilo peculiar de gestão para lidar com essas dificuldades crônicas. Tais soluções gerenciais (Associações de Amigos, criatividade, abnegação, flexibilidade, intensa participação etc.), alinhadas com um modo orgânico de funcionamento e adequadas até então, acobertam, de uma maneira sutil e arriscada, um quase absoluto despreparo profissional para a implementação de sistemas de controle gerencial orientados para resultados - gestão estratégica, programação e orçamentação, controle de qualidade, capacitação técnica e gerencial, indicadores de resultados e avaliação de programas etc. A crescente concorrência de outros meios de entretenimento e lazer, o aperto no controle do déficit público e a conseqüente pressão no sentido da publicização dessas atividades (fortes candidatas a virarem organizações sociais), somados ao esperado crescimento da cobrança social pela accountabilíty de seus dirigentes formam um cenário nada promissor para essas instituições, até então, imunes aos escândalos ou, pelo menos, a uma avaliação menos favorável pela população e demais stakeholders. O julgamento ainda vigente em grande parte de sua elite técnica de que não existe inteligência no mundo da administração, um mal necessário e de convívio difícil com as artes, reforça o belo desafio a ser enfrentado nos próximos anos pelos dirigentes dessas instituições.

Turnaround de empresas com problemas de compliance - o caso Siemens

It is very relevant, for academic or for society purposes as a whole the subject "corruption", a recurring problem that plagues companies and Governments in various parts of the world. Many recent cases draw attention to this topic, but one in particular, the case of corruption of the company Siemens AG, that resulted in the payment of the largest fines in the history on your model, based on the terms of the FCPA since it became law in 1977. This event caters specifically to the objective of this work which is to make an analysis based on agency theory and the codes of good practices of corporate governance on how large companies revising their corporate management systems and practices aiming at the recovery of its institutional image after significant impact on the company, such as the corruption scandal in which Siemens was involved. For this study, we opted for qualitative research as a methodological path contemplating the single case study. In the process of data collection were used data obtained through documentary research about the corruption scandal on public collection available in the internet. Open conversations were made with 3 compliance Department officials of Siemens for the purposes of understanding the case with. At the end of this work, it was observed in the Siemens turnaround process a correlation between what was proposed by the Agency Theory about internal control Systems based on what was accomplished by the company when promoted an extensive restructuring of the Department of compliance and corporate governance system, the improvement of internal controls, as well as the creation of detection tools , control, analysis and prevention of fraud, which were used to minimize the effects generated by the conflict of interest covered by the theory of Agency. KEY WORDS: Corporate Governance; Compliance; Corruption; Turnaround, Agency Theory

Proportional controllers: Direct method for stability analysis and MATLAB implementation

In most cases, the cost of a control system increases based on its complexity. Proportional (P) controller is the simplest and most intuitive structure for the implementation of linear control systems. The difficulty to find the stability range of feedback systems with P controllers, using the Routh-Hurwitz criterion, increases with the order of the plant. For high order plants, the stability range cannot be easily obtained from the investigation of the coefficient signs in the first column of the Routh's array. A direct method for the determination of the stability range is presented. The method is easy to understand, to compute, and to offer the students a better comprehension on this subject. A program in MATLAB language, based on the proposed method, design examples, and class assessments, is provided in order to help the pedagogical issues. The method and the program enable the user to specify a decay rate and also extend to proportional-integral (PI), proportional-derivative (PD), and proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controllers.

Realimentação da derivada dos estados em sistemas multivariáveis lineares usando LMIs

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Metodologia para rastreamento com modificação dos zeros e rejeição de distúrbio aplicada a sistemas incertos

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Bifurcation of limit cycles from an n-dimensional linear center inside a class of piecewise linear differential systems

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Morphological characterization of rat incisor fluorotic lesions

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Remarks on an Optimal Linear Control Design Applied to a Nonideal and an Ideal Structure Coupled to an Essentially Nonlinear Oscillator

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)