535 resultados para UNICEF


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La brecha digital exacerba desigualdades en el acceso a información y conocimiento, socialización con pares, visibilidad y manejo de herramientas básicas para desempeñarse en la sociedad. Reducir esta brecha permite sinergias virtuosas de inclusión social y cultural entre niños, niñas y adolescentes, con impactos positivos en el desarrollo de capacidades y generación de oportunidades para toda su vida. Si bien las nuevas generaciones están conectadas y sus miembros son nativos digitales, persisten desigualdades entre grupos socioeconómicos, aun cuando se han reducido gracias a los programas de conectividad en las escuelas públicas de la región. El artículo central de esta edición de Desafíos aborda –con información actualizada– las brechas y los avances en esta materia. El acceso es solo un primer paso; luego, es necesario proteger a niños y adolescentes contra los riesgos de la conectividad y potenciar los aprendizajes pertinentes y plenos de sentido, promoviendo usos más articulados con el currículo educativo. Por último, el artículo plantea que hay que vincular las políticas de conectividad con el cumplimiento de los derechos de la infancia en el marco de la Convención sobre los Derechos del Niño. Junto al artículo central, y como es habitual, se informa de encuentros y conferencias en la región durante el año y de publicaciones recientes en la materia. También se presentan buenas prácticas en el Perú para reducir brechas de género y una iniciativa conjunta de los operadores móviles y el UNICEF para proteger a la infancia en la era digital. En Puntos de vista se incluye la opinión de especialistas acerca de la potencialidad de las TIC como una herramienta a tener en cuenta para el ejercicio o vulneración de los derechos de niños, niñas y adolescentes.

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Este documento presenta el perfil sociodemográfico de la infancia y adolescencia en Haití y los principales desafíos a los que se enfrentan, analizando para cada sector —educación, seguridad alimentaria y nutrición, salud materna e infantil, protección de la infancia, inserción laboral y empleabilidad de las y los adolescentes— los desafíos específicos e ineludibles, así como los mecanismos de protección y promoción social vigentes. De acuerdo con los datos disponibles, se tratará de aplicar una parrilla temática con perspectiva de género, que incluye los marcos referenciales y los sistemas de información, los mecanismos en vigor, las fuentes y niveles de financiamiento.

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El presente documento es un estudio comparado con una mirada subregional de la protección social a la infancia en tres países centroamericanos: El Salvador, Guatemala y Honduras. Se realizó con base en tres documentos generados en el marco de la iniciativa multi-país en protección social para la niñez y la adolescencia liderada por la UNICEF en los tres países indicados. Estos documentos abordan, a partir de un diagnóstico, la situación de las políticas de protección social que estos países implementan desde un enfoque de niñez y adolescencia, dando cuenta de las brechas de protección social que esta población enfrenta.

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Prólogo de Bernt Aasen y Alicia Bárcena

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El presente documento analiza la situación de los niños, niñas y adolescentes en cinco países de América Latina: Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia, Chile, Ecuador, México y Uruguay. Se identifican las condiciones de vulnerabilidad que atraviesan, tanto en términos de pobreza y acceso a servicios básicos, como el nivel de ingresos de los hogares en los que habitan, las condiciones de la vivienda, el nivel educativo de los padres y las madres, la composición del hogar y el nivel de formalidad en el empleo adulto. El estudio busca, sobre la base de la información provista por las encuestas de hogares, identificar los núcleos críticos y las necesidades y derechos que requieren ser abordados por las políticas públicas.

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La centralidad que ocupan los niños, niñas y adolescentes en el desarrollo de los programas de transferencias ha sido documentada en las sucesivas evaluaciones que observan el impacto de estas políticas en múltiples indicadores de bienestar infantil. Sin embargo, los estudios que profundizan en los procesos ocurridos a partir de la puesta en marcha de los programas en las familias beneficiarias son bastante más escasos. En particular, todavía se conoce poco sobre el efecto específico de las condicionalidades sobre el bienestar infantil y sobre el grado en que las condicionalidades facilitan u obstaculizan el cumplimiento de los derechos fundamentales de niños, niñas y adolescentes. Este documento avanza sobre esta interrogante en dos partes. En los primeros dos capítulos se sintetiza la literatura regional e internacional para dar cuenta de los dos niveles (normativo y empírico) de debate asociados al uso de condicionalidades en los programas de transferencias. A partir del capítulo III se presentan los resultados de una investigación sobre uso de condicionalidades en un caso concreto: el Programa de Asignaciones Familiares del Uruguay.

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Existen diversos pactos, convenciones y acuerdos internacionales que prescriben de manera inalienable el derecho de todos y todas a la educación, aunque la expresión de este derecho, en cantidad y calidad, varía de un país a otro. El promedio de enseñanza obligatoria, establecida por derecho, es de diez años en los países de la región, si bien en el 50% de ellos toda la enseñanza secundaria (baja y alta) ya es obligatoria. Esto es razonable, si se considera como un umbral mínimo para aspirar a niveles de bienestar y desarrollo de capacidades a lo largo de la vida. El artículo central de esta edición de Desafíos profundiza en este tema y muestra los rezagos y metas para avanzar en la plena titularidad del derecho a la educación en adolescentes. Destacan la baja tasa de conclusión de la educación secundaria y de aprendizajes pertinentes, la fuerte estratificación socioeconómica y sociocultural, los atrasos en competencias ciudadanas y la persistencia de un nivel relativamente alto en deserción escolar, sobre todo a lo largo del ciclo secundario. Sin duda el principal reto para avanzar en el derecho a la educación es reducir brechas de logro y aprendizaje, favoreciendo a los grupos que hoy presentan mayor postergación. Junto al artículo central, y como es habitual, se informa sobre encuentros y conferencias en la región acerca de este tema durante el semestre en curso, se presentan opiniones expertas y de adolescentes, y se destacan experiencias positivas de promoción de asistencia escolar en el Uruguay y en la República Dominicana.

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The inalienable right of all people to education is enshrined in various international covenants, conventions and agreements, yet the actual fulfilment of this right varies in quantity and quality from one country to the other. On average, the compulsory length of schooling in the countries of the region is 10 years. Half of these countries have already made all secondary education mandatory, which is eminently reasonable since it is commonly accepted as a minimum threshold for lifelong well-being and skills-building. The main article in this edition of Challenges discusses this subject in depth, and shows how far behind we are in ensuring that all adolescents have access to the education to which they are entitled. It focuses on the low secondary school-completion rate and low level of learning acquisition, the strong socioeconomic and sociocultural stratification, the lack of citizenship skills, and the persistence of a relatively high dropout rate at all levels of secondary education. The main challenge in guaranteeing the right to education lies in reducing learning and attainment gaps by helping the groups that are presently lagging behind the most. As is customary, there are also reports on relevant meetings and conferences held in the region over the past half-year, together with the opinions of experts and adolescents and success stories in promoting school attendance in Uruguay and the Dominican Republic.

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The digital divide exacerbates inequalities in access to information and knowledge, making it more difficult to socialize with peers and limiting awareness of and the ability to use basic tools for life in society. Reducing this gap sets in motion virtuous synergies of social and cultural inclusion for children and adolescents, facilitating skills development and generating lifelong opportunities. Although the younger generations are connected digital natives, inequalities persist among socioeconomic groups, though these have been tempered by connectivity programmes in public schools in the region. The main article of this edition of Challenges uses current information to examine the progress made and the gaps that remain in this area. Providing children and adolescents with access is merely a first step. They then need to be protected from the risks associated with information and communications technologies (ICTs), which must be harnessed for purposes of meaningful learning, promoting uses that are more in line with the educational curriculum. Lastly, the article posits that connectivity policies must be linked to the fulfilment of children’s rights in the framework of the Convention on the Rights of the Child. As is customary, this issue also contains information on meetings and conferences held in the region during the year and recent publications in this field. Mention is also made of good practices from Peru in reducing gender gaps and a joint initiative between mobile operators and the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) to protect children in the digital age. Viewpoints includes expert opinion on the potential of ICTs as tools that can facilitate the exercise of the rights of children and adolescents, but also lead to violations of these rights.

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This third edition of the Social Panorama of Latin America is an expression of the ECLAC secretariat's continuing effort to incorporate the social dimension into the Commission's annual appraisals of regional development. The analysis presented in this edition emphasizes core issues concerning children and the familiy, as a result of the secretariat's joint activities with the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), in order to provide up-to-date information on opportunities for access to well-being from childhodd onwards. This report is prepared periodically by Statistics Development Division of ECLAC, which collaborated with the Economic Development Division in producing the present edition. The information analysed yields an ilustrative profile of trends in the early 1990s in important facets of social development such as poverty, income distribution, employment, social expenditure, children, the family, education, pay levels and a social agenda of the main issues in this field that have captured public attention in the countries of the region during the past year.

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Comment l'État haïtien organise-t-il aujourd'hui la protection et la promotion sociale des enfants et des adolescents? L’objectif central de ce rapport est de répondre à cette question, dans l'espoir que les éléments apportés puissent éclairer sur une autre interrogation: comment la caractérisation des politiques publiques de protection et de promotion sociale ciblées sur les enfants et les adolescents permet-elle de compléter le profil du système haïtien de protection sociale?

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Eighteen months into the implementation of the 2008-2009 biennial strategic work programme, the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) Subregional Headquarters for the Caribbean continues to focus on strengthening the delivery of activities through regular internal meetings with programme and research staff and consultations with member countries and other partner institutions. The scaling up of efforts advocating for more evidence-based development policy-making is being advanced utilizing the resources provided through the implementation of an additional seven extrabudgetary-funded projects. This effort is being undertaken in collaboration and in consultation with our major international and regional development partners – United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), United Nations Development Fund for Women (UNIFEM), United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), Caribbean Community (CARICOM), Caribbean Development Bank (CDB), Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS), Association of Caribbean States (ACS), Inter-American Development Bank (IDB), World Bank, Department for International Development (DFID), Caribbean Community Climate Change Centre (CCCCC). and others. In

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Many Caribbean youth are doing reasonably well. They live in loving and caring families, attend school and are involved in various social activities in their communities. The health and well-being of the children and youth1 in the Caribbean is, and has been, the centre of attention of many studies, meetings and policy directives set at the regional, subregional and national levels. Programmes have been put in place to address the basic needs of young children in the areas of health and education and to provide guidance and directives to youth and adolescents in the area of professional formation and transition to adulthood. Critical issues such as reproductive health and family planning combined with access to education and information on these topics have been promoted to some extent. And finally, the Caribbean is known for rather high school enrolment rates in primary education that hardly show any gender disparities. While the situation is still good for some, growing numbers of children and youth cannot cope anymore with the challenges experienced quite early in their lives. Absent parents, instable care-taking arrangements, violence and aggression subjected to at home, in schools and among their friends, lack of a perspective in schools and the labour-market, early sexual initiation and teenage pregnancies are some of those issues faced by a rising number of young persons in this part of the world. Emotional instability, psychological stress and increased violence are one of the key triggers for increased violence and involvement in crime exhibited by ever younger youth and children. Further, the region is grappling with rising drop-out rates in secondary education, declining quality schooling in the classrooms and increasing numbers of students who leave school without formal certification. Youth unemployment in the formal labour market is high and improving the quality of professional formation along with the provision of adequate employment opportunities would be critical to enable youth to complete consistently and effectively the transition into adulthood and to take advantage of the opportunities to develop and use their human capital in the process. On a rather general note, the region does not suffer from a shortage of policies and programmes to address the very specific needs of children and youth, but the prominent and severe lack of systematic analysis and monitoring of the situation of children, youth and young families in the Caribbean does not allow for targeted and efficient interventions that promise successful outcomes on the long term. In an effort to assist interested governments to fill this analytical gap, various initiatives are underway to enhance data collection and their systematic analysis2. Population and household censuses are conducted every decade and a variety of household surveys, such as surveys of living conditions, labour force surveys and special surveys focusing on particular sub-groups of the population are conducted, dependent on the resources available, to a varying degree in the countries of the region. One such example is the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF)-funded Multi-Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS) that assess the situation of children and youth in a country. Over the past years and at present, UNICEF has launched a series of surveys in a number of countries in the Caribbean3. But more needs to be done to ensure that the data available is analyzed to provide the empirical background information for evidence-based policy formulation and monitoring of the efficiency and effectiveness of the efforts undertaken.