Vantagens de uma empresa estar cotada na Bolsa de Valores de Cabo Verde

É de conhecimento de todos, ou pelo menos daqueles que estão mais atentos às questões de natureza económica, que um dos grandes desafios das empresas nos dias que correm, é garantirem a sua sustentabilidade financeira no longo prazo. Nesse sentido, são várias as estratégias elaboradas pelos responsáveis das diversas empresas, e decisores políticos, no sentido colmatar esta dificuldade. Cabo Verde, como país de Desenvolvimento Médio, muito dependente do exterior, apresenta muitas dificuldades em gerar recursos que garantam a sustentabilidade da sua economia. Como forma de reestruturar e dinamizar a economia e o tecido empresarial nacional, foi reaberta em 2005 a Bolsa de Valores de Cabo Verde. E para retratar o impato positivo da sua reabertura, referir que nesse mesmo ano, a Sociedade Caboverdiana de Tabacos, S.A., realizou na Bolsa de Valores de Cabo Verde, uma Oferta Pública de Venda, que segundo os analístas, foi muito superior a oferta, deixando assim, uma ideia clara de que este, com mais incentivo, tem margem de crescimento. Este trabalho visa numa primeira parte caraterizar o mercado de capitais em Cabo Verde, onde está inserida a Bolsa de Valores Local. Num segundo momento, pretendese fazer uma resenha bibliográfica dos principais métodos de avaliação das empresas e de seguida procurar-se, através de um estudo de caso, a Sociedade Cabo-verdiana de Tabacos, identificar algumas possíveis vantagens provenientes da sua entrada na Bolsa de Valores, mediante a avaliação de alguns indicadores de desempenho da empresa. It is known to all, or at least to those who are more attentive to the matters of economic issues, that one of the biggest problems facing companies today is to ensure their financial sustainability. Accordingly, there are several strategies drawn up by leaders of various companies in order to face this difficulty. Cape Verde, as a medium-developed country, is very dependent on other countries‟ help and has great difficulty in generating resources that guarantee a good and healthy economy. As a way to restructure the economy and minimize some financial problems, in 2005 the Stock Exchange of Cape Verde was reopened, to remedy this deficiency. For one to have a clear idea of the importance of this reopening, we can look at the example of Sociedade Caboverdiana de Tabacos – tobacco national company – that, still in this year, has made a bid on Stock Exchange, which, according to specialists, demonstrated an offer a lot greater than the demand, clearly a sign that this company, has a great margin for growth, if it has more financial incentives. This paper seeks to demonstrate and characterize the capital market of Cape Verde, where we will find the National Stock Exchange. Secondly, we intend to make a bibliographical research of the main assessment methods companies use here, to finally, through a case study, at SCT, identify possible advantages that might come from being listed in the Stock Exchange, through the analysis of some performance indicators from this company.

Suivi du patient oncologique, garant de la permanence de soi [Follow-up of the cancer patient, maintaining self-identity]

L'individu confronté au diagnostic de cancer subit un bouleversement brutal de ses repères et de ses habitudes. La maladie représente une menace pour son équilibre de vie et sa stabilité sociale. Sa capacité à faire face et à opérer différents remaniements dans sa façon d'être au monde et d'envisager l'avenir est en partie déterminée par ses ressources personnelles. Toutefois, le soutien émotionnel peut également représenter un moyen privilégié de donner du sens à cette expérience singulière qu'est la maladie. La reconstruction narrative dans un cadre soutenant, caractérisé par une écoute bienveillante, offre au patient la possibilité de reconnaître sa souffrance comme partie intégrante de lui-même. Un récit de vie qui intègre la maladie lui permet de se réapproprier son histoire. Cette démarche nécessite de la part du thérapeute une disponibilité psychique et temporelle et la capacité de soutenir le patient dans un processus de liaison à travers les différentes étapes de la maladie. The individual facing the diagnosis of cancer is subjected to abrupt changes with regard to his inner world, his life, habits and social relationships. The patient's capacity to cope, to integrate changes in the way of living and to face the future is determined by his personal resources. However, psychological support may also be an important mean to search for and find sense to the singular experience of the illness. The narrative reconstruction within a supportive setting provides the patient a possibility to recognise his sufferance as an integral part of himself. A life narrative, which integrates the illness, allows the patient to re-appropriate his history again. Such a therapeutic project necessitates from the therapist a psychological and temporal disponibility and a capacity to create links all along the different stages of the disease.

Wage structures and family economies in the Catalan textile industry in an age of nascent capitalism

This paper deals with changes in managerial practices in Catalonia in anage of nascent capitalism (1830-1925) and adaptive family strategies inorder to face the absence of state welfare. During the 19 t h Century andin the absence of recorded labor contracts, human resources of the firmwere organized by means of implicit contracts and informal labor markets.With the advent of scientific organization of labor, wage per hour workedbegan to be recorded. This is why in the 1920s the perfect competitionmodel applies to our case. On the other hand, in the same period, and inthe absence of state welfare, ideas stemming from cooperative game theoryapply to the pattern of household income formation. Kin related networkswere used to improve the living standards of the household. In thisparticular direction we also show that there was a demonstration effectby means of which migrant s living standards were higher than those ofnatives.

Hypertension pulmonaire: difficulté diagnostique et intérêt de l'échocardiographie [Pulmonary hypertension: difficult diagnosis and role of echocardiography]

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a complex disease leading, in its advance form, to a decreased quality of life and early mortality. In the early stage, non specific signs and symptoms are the rule. The diagnosis is often missed, leaving the patient alone to face the disease and its repercussion on his daily life. This article reviews the main PH causes and predisposing conditions. Signs and symptoms suggesting the diagnosis are reviewed as well as conditions recognised at high risk for the disease. The key role of echocardiography in establishing the diagnosis, assessing PH severity, cardiac repercussions and/or potential aetiologies, is addressed. Finally the importance of a multidisciplinary approach is recommended.

Lidar com a doença mental : a pluralidade de sistemas de cuidados e de itinerários terapêuticos : análise comparativa de dois estudos efectuados junto de duas populações residentes em Portugal

Several studies point to the plurality of care systems to deal with illness. They can be organized into professional, popular and alternative systems (the latter includes the complementary and the traditional ones). What the particular setup is in each cultural system is the core question of both the empirical studies we report. The purpose of this article is to understand how lay people deal with mental illness, examining the therapeutic itineraries that are constructed between plural care systems, featuring in particular the use of traditional medicine. The analysis of the two studies (one carried out in the north region and the other in Lisbon) allowed us to interpret these practices and discuss the social and cultural factors that determine and explain the settings that were found. Both researches fit into a qualitative methodology. In-depth, semi-structured interviews were performed and were analyzed using discourse analysis to describe and interpret data. The results point to a plurality of therapeutic itineraries, built around public and private speeches, where the explanatory systems underlying the use of official medicine and/or traditional practices found plural meanings. People may use these systems in several forms, using one or combining more than one, simultaneously or sequentially, depending on the context and on the needs they feel to face both illness and mental suffering. It is in between the space of the impotence and ‘incompetence’ of the ‘wise’ medicine that other therapeutic systems develop. It is important to understand those systems because of their achievements and their heuristic power to explain society and culture.

Perspetivas de Avaliação de Desempenho Docente: um Estudo com Professores em Cabo Verde

A avaliação de desempenho docente tem vindo a ser conceptualizada entre duas lógicas: a de controlo e a de desenvolvimento profissional, que originam, na sua implementação, diferentes modos de organização e avaliação do trabalho escolar e, consequentemente, de encarar a profissão docente. A investigação aborda as perspetivas de professores, de gestores e de diretores das escolas do Ensino Básico Integrado e do Ensino Secundário, para compreender se e em que medida o processo de avaliação do pessoal docente tem contribuído para melhorar a prestação pedagógica e o profissionalismo dos docentes em Cabo Verde. Foram definidos os seguintes objetivos: identificar as mudanças ocorridas nas práticas efetivas nas escolas a partir da lei nº 10/2000; analisar as relações estabelecidas entre a avaliação do pessoal docente e as suas práticas profissionais; verificar até que ponto avaliação docente contribui para melhoria do sistema de ensino. A investigação, de natureza qualitativa, utilizou o inquérito por entrevista semiestruturada como principal instrumento de recolha de dados. Os dados foram analisados com recurso à análise de conteúdo. Os inquiridos foram professores (8), diretores da Escola Secundária (2) e gestores do Ensino Básico Integrado (2), em exercício nas 4 escolas públicas de Santiago - Cabo Verde (2 na Praia, 1 em São Domingos e 1 no Tarrafal). Os resultados revelam que os professores entrevistados consideram que o modelo de avaliação existente contribuiria para a melhoria do desenvolvimento profissional, bem como para a progressão e distinção do mérito se fosse dado cumprimento à legislação. O incumprimento origina uma certa fuga dos professores mais novos para outros serviços, bem como uma desmotivação significativa. Os fatores mais negativos da avaliação do desempenho docente prendem-se com o facto de os professores não concordarem com os avaliadores por não terem formação específica na área, bem como com o sistema de quotas para progressão e promoção na carreira. Para que a avaliação de desempenho docente seja um processo mais justo e com alguma equidade, os entrevistados consideram que devem ser criados conselhos científicos nas regiões e na administração central.

Wild bids. Gambling for resurrection in procurement contracts

This paper analyzes the problem of abnormally low tenders in theprocurement process. Limited liability causes firms in a bad financialsituation to bid more aggressively than good firms in the procurementauction. Therefore, it is more likely that the winning firm is a firm infinancial difficulties with a high risk of bankruptcy. The paper analyzesthe different regulatory practices to face this problem with a specialemphasis on surety bonds used e.g. in the US. We characterize the optimalsurety bond and show that it does not coincide with the current USregulation. In particular we show that under a natural assumption the USregulation is too expensive and provides overinsurance to the problem ofabnormally low tenders.

Percepções das Comunidades Rurais sobre os Diques de Contenção de Sedimentos e Água na Bacia Hidrográfica de Águas Belas

Na sequência do projecto “Ordenamento e Valorização da Bacia Hidrográfica de Águas Belas”, da ilha de Santiago, que visou a construção de estruturas de conservação do solo e água para combater a erosão hídrica e a desertificação, disponibilizar recursos hídricos para consumo doméstico e agricultura e proteger o ambiente, estudou-se o modo como as comunidades rurais percepcionam as funções, gestão e conservação dessas estruturas, bem como o aproveitamento de recursos a elas associados. No estudo utilizou-se a informação contida no original do projecto referido, realizou-se o levantamento de dados de campo, aplicou-se um inquérito às populações beneficiadas pelas infra-estruturas construídas e utilizaram-se programas relativos a sistemas de informação geográfica. Constatou-se que as comunidades beneficiadas percepcionam os diques como infra-estruturas que disponibilizam mais meios de produção, como água para rega e abastecimento doméstico, solo e área de cultivo e a retenção de solo e água, ou seja, meios que têm uma estreita ligação com a actividade agrícola e as necessidades de sobrevivência. Observou-se igualmente que os mais jovens e as mulheres valorizam mais a segurança e, estas últimas, a maior disponibilidade de água para rega e uso doméstico. Para ajustar os usos que as comunidades fazem destas estruturas são necessárias acções de sensibilização e informação junto das comunidades sobre as funções e requisitos de manutenção das estruturas de conservação do solo e água.

Percepções das Comunidades Rurais sobre os Diques de Contenção de Sedimentos e Água na Bacia Hidrográfica de Águas Belas

Na sequência do projecto “Ordenamento e Valorização da Bacia Hidrográfica de Águas Belas”, da ilha de Santiago, que visou a construção de estruturas de conservação do solo e água para combater a erosão hídrica e a desertificação, disponibilizar recursos hídricos para consumo doméstico e agricultura e proteger o ambiente, estudou-se o modo como as comunidades rurais percepcionam as funções, gestão e conservação dessas estruturas, bem como o aproveitamento de recursos a elas associados. No estudo utilizou-se a informação contida no original do projecto referido, realizou-se o levantamento de dados de campo, aplicou-se um inquérito às populações beneficiadas pelas infra-estruturas construídas e utilizaram-se programas relativos a sistemas de informação geográfica. Constatou-se que as comunidades beneficiadas percepcionam os diques como infra-estruturas que disponibilizam mais meios de produção, como água para rega e abastecimento doméstico, solo e área de cultivo e a retenção de solo e água, ou seja, meios que têm uma estreita ligação com a actividade agrícola e as necessidades de sobrevivência. Observou-se igualmente que os mais jovens e as mulheres valorizam mais a segurança e, estas últimas, a maior disponibilidade de água para rega e uso doméstico. Para ajustar os usos que as comunidades fazem destas estruturas são necessárias acções de sensibilização e informação junto das comunidades sobre as funções e requisitos de manutenção das estruturas de conservação do solo e água.

Design effect and interviewer effects: Evidence from the Spanish ESS3-2006 Data

In 2007 the first Quality Enhancement Meeting on sampling in the European SocialSurvey (ESS) took place. The discussion focused on design effects and inteviewereffects in face-to-face interviews. Following the recomendations of this meeting theSpanish ESS team studied the impact of interviewers as a new element in the designeffect in the response s variance using the information of the correspondent SampleDesign Data Files. Hierarchical multilevel and cross-classified multilevel analysis areconducted in order to estimate the amount of responses variation due to PSU and tointerviewers for different questions in the survey. Factor such as the age of theinterviewer, gender, workload, training and experience and respondent characteristicssuch as age, gender, renuance to participate and their possible interactions are alsoincluded in the analysis of some specific questions like trust in politicians and trustin legal system . Some recomendations related to future sampling designs and thecontents of the briefing sessions are derived from this initial research.

Methodological assessment of HCC literature.

Despite the fact that the hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents a major health problem, very few interventions are available for this disease, and only sorafenib is approved for the treatment of advanced disease. Of note, only very few interventions have been thoroughly evaluated over time for HCC patients compared with several hundreds in other, equally highly lethal, tumours. Additionally, clinical trials in HCC have often been questioned for poor design and methodological issues. As a consequence, a gap between what is measured in clinical trials and what clinicians have to face in daily practice often occurs. As a result of this scenario, even the most recent guidelines for treatment of HCC patients use low strength evidence to make recommendations. In this review, we will discuss some of the potential methodological issues hindering a rational development of new treatments for HCC patients.

El PEIN cinc anys després, balanç i perspectives

El dia 27 de febrer de 1998 va tenir lloc a la Universitat de Girona la jornada «El PEIN cinc anys després: balanç i perspectives», organitzada per la Càtedra de Geografia i Pensament Territorial (UdG) i la Societat Catalana d’Ordenació del Territori. L’objectiu era reflexionar sobre el Pla d’Espais d’Interès Natural cinc anys després de la seva entrada en vigor i valorar fins a quin punt s’havien acomplert les expectatives que havia despertat i com podia afrontar els nous reptes en la conservació del patrimoni natural

Correlates of frailty, prediction of functional decline and preventative approaches - selected results from the lausanne cohort 65+ (lc65+) study (Switzerland) (Lausanne) and the longitudinal urban cohort ageing study (Lucas) (Germany)

Overall introduction.- Longitudinal studies have been designed to investigate prospectively, from their beginning, the pathway leading from health to frailty and to disability. Knowledge about determinants of healthy ageing and health behaviour (resources) as well as risks of functional decline is required to propose appropriate preventative interventions. The functional status in older people is important considering clinical outcome in general, healthcare need and mortality. Part I.- Results and interventions from lucas (longitudinal urban cohort ageing study). Authors.- J. Anders, U. Dapp, L. Neumann, F. Pröfener, C. Minder, S. Golgert, A. Daubmann, K. Wegscheider,. W. von Renteln-Kruse Methods.- The LUCAS core project is a longitudinal cohort of urban community-dwelling people 60 years and older, recruited in 2000/2001. Further LUCAS projects are cross-sectional comparative and interventional studies (RCT). Results.- The emphasis will be on geriatric medical care in a population-based approach, discussing different forms of access, too. (Dapp et al. BMC Geriatrics 2012, 12:35; http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2318/12/35): - longitudinal data from the LUCAS urban cohort (n = 3.326) will be presented covering 10 years of observation, including the prediction of functional decline, need of nursing care, and mortality by using a self-filling screening tool; - interventions to prevent functional decline do focus on first (pre-clinical) signs of pre-frailty before entering the frailty-cascade ("Active Health Promotion in Old Age", "geriatric mobility centre") or disability ("home visits"). Conclusions.- The LUCAS research consortium was established to study particular aspects of functional competence, its changes with ageing, to detect pre-clinical signs of functional decline, and to address questions on how to maintain functional competence and to prevent adverse outcome in different settings. The multidimensional data base allows the exploration of several further questions. Gait performance was exmined by GAITRite®-System. Supported by the Federal Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF Funding No. 01ET1002A). Part II.- Selected results from the lausanne cohort 65+ (Lc65 + ) Study (Switzerland). Authors.- Prof Santos-Eggimann Brigitte, Dr Seematter-Bagnoud Laurence, Prof Büla Christophe, Dr Rochat Stéphane. Methods.- The Lc65+ cohort was launched in 2004 with the random selection of 3054 eligible individuals aged 65 to 70 (birth year 1934-1938) in the non-institutionalized population of Lausanne (Switzerland). Results.- Information is collected about life course social and health-related events, socio-economics, medical and psychosocial dimensions, lifestyle habits, limitations in activities of daily living, mobility impairments, and falls. Gait performance are objectively measured using body-fixed sensors. Frailty is assessed using Fried's frailty phenotype. Follow-up consists in annual self-completed questionnaires, as well as physical examination and physical and mental performance tests every three years. - Lausanne cohort 65+ (Lc65 + ): design and longitudinal outcomes. The baseline data collection was completed among 1422 participants in 2004-2005 through self-completed questionnaires, face-to-face interviews, physical examination and tests of mental and physical performances. Information about institutionalization, self-reported health services utilization, and death is also assessed. An additional random sample (n = 1525) of 65-70 years old subjects was recruited in 2009 (birth year 1939-1943). - lecture no 4: alcohol intake and gait parameters: prevalent and longitudinal association in the Lc65+ study. The association between alcohol intake and gait performance was investigated.

Determinants of brain cell metabolic phenotypes and energy substrate utilization unraveled with a modeling approach.

Although all brain cells bear in principle a comparable potential in terms of energetics, in reality they exhibit different metabolic profiles. The specific biochemical characteristics explaining such disparities and their relative importance are largely unknown. Using a modeling approach, we show that modifying the kinetic parameters of pyruvate dehydrogenase and mitochondrial NADH shuttling within a realistic interval can yield a striking switch in lactate flux direction. In this context, cells having essentially an oxidative profile exhibit pronounced extracellular lactate uptake and consumption. However, they can be turned into cells with prominent aerobic glycolysis by selectively reducing the aforementioned parameters. In the case of primarily oxidative cells, we also examined the role of glycolysis and lactate transport in providing pyruvate to mitochondria in order to sustain oxidative phosphorylation. The results show that changes in lactate transport capacity and extracellular lactate concentration within the range described experimentally can sustain enhanced oxidative metabolism upon activation. Such a demonstration provides key elements to understand why certain brain cell types constitutively adopt a particular metabolic profile and how specific features can be altered under different physiological and pathological conditions in order to face evolving energy demands.

Desenvolupament d'un joc per torns parametritzable amb possibilitat multijugador i I.A.

Els jocs són una de les indústries de software més gran del món de la informàtica. Des dels primers jocs en blanc i negre que simulaven raquetes i una pilota, fins avui en dia, en que el desenvolupament d’un joc porta darrere un equip de professionals tant o més gran que el major dels projectes informàtics del món de les indústries, els jocs han evolucionat més que la majoria de programes. La possibilitat d’elaborar un joc és, a part d’una proposta temptadora (ja que difereix enormement de qualsevol pràctica feta durant la carrera), un repte de caire personal per algú que sempre ha estat en contacte amb videojocs i que, després d’adquirir una sèrie de coneixements indispensables, s’ha proposat d’intentar desenvolupar-ne un des de l’arrel. L’objectiu d’aquest treball és doncs això, aprendre com neix un joc partint de res, i veure totes les complicacions que sorgeixen a l’hora de desenvolupar-lo. Els resultats delt projecte mostren generosament el gran nombre de problemes que sorgeixen en un procés com aquest, però com a conclusions importants cal destacar la satisfacció envers els resultats obtinguts, així com els coneixements que s’han guanyat mitjançant el desenvolupament del programa.