992 resultados para Teaching manual


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Abstract: INTRODUCTION: In Brazil, culling of seropositive dogs is one of the recommended strategies to control visceral leishmaniasis. Since infectiousness is correlated with clinical signs, control measures targeting symptomatic dogs could be more effective. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out among 1,410 dogs, predictive models were developed based on clinical signs and an indirect immunofluorescence antibody test. RESULTS: The validated predictive model showed sensitivity and specificity of 86.5% and 70.0%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Predictive models could be used as tools to aid control programs in focusing on a smaller fraction of dogs contributing more to infection dissemination.

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As tarefas de movimentação manual de cargas estão presentes na maioria das atividades económicas e têm sido referidas como a uma das principais causas de lombalgias na população trabalhadora. Na tentativa de preservar a segurança e a saúde dos trabalhadores, têm sido desenvolvidas diversas metodologias para realizar a análise e a avaliação do risco na movimentação manual de cargas. As diferentes metodologias divergem nos tipos de tarefas que avaliam, nos inputs e outputs que consideram, nas abordagens que utilizam e no modo como se interpretam os resultados. Por outro lado, a utilização de várias metodologias é útil na validação do nível de risco encontrado e na sugestão de medidas de intervenção ergonómica com o objetivo de eliminar, ou pelo menos reduzir, esse risco. Neste estudo pretendeu-se analisar e avaliar o risco associado à realização de tarefas de movimentação manual de cargas desenvolvidas em dois postos de trabalho, através da aplicação de seis metodologias. Devido ao facto dos trabalhadores dos postos de trabalho analisados terem características pessoais e métodos de trabalho diferentes, numa primeira fase a avaliação do risco foi realizada de forma individual, de modo a quantificar a exposição individual ao risco. Posteriormente, foi realizada uma análise comparativa dos resultados obtidos através das metodologias, com o objetivo de verificar se existiam diferenças significativas entre elas. A partir dos resultados obtidos através das metodologias foram sugeridas medidas de intervenção ergonómica, assim como quantificado o seu efeito na redução do risco. O desenvolvimento deste estudo também permitiu identificar algumas vantagens e desvantagens das metodologias selecionadas que, por sua vez, foram recomendadas para diferentes situações e, ou, propósitos.

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OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence rates of infections among intensive care unit patients, the predominant infecting organisms, and their resistance patterns. To identify the related factors for intensive care unit-acquired infection and mortality rates. DESIGN: A 1-day point-prevalence study. SETTING:A total of 19 intensive care units at the Hospital das Clínicas - University of São Paulo, School of Medicine (HC-FMUSP), a teaching and tertiary hospital, were eligible to participate in the study. PATIENTS: All patients over 16 years old occupying an intensive care unit bed over a 24-hour period. The 19 intensive care unit s provided 126 patient case reports. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Rates of infection, antimicrobial use, microbiological isolates resistance patterns, potential related factors for intensive care unit-acquired infection, and death rates. RESULTS: A total of 126 patients were studied. Eighty-seven patients (69%) received antimicrobials on the day of study, 72 (57%) for treatment, and 15 (12%) for prophylaxis. Community-acquired infection occurred in 15 patients (20.8%), non- intensive care unit nosocomial infection in 24 (33.3%), and intensive care unit-acquired infection in 22 patients (30.6%). Eleven patients (15.3%) had no defined type. The most frequently reported infections were respiratory (58.5%). The most frequently isolated bacteria were Enterobacteriaceae (33.8%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (26.4%), and Staphylococcus aureus (16.9%; [100% resistant to methicillin]). Multivariate regression analysis revealed 3 risk factors for intensive care unit-acquired infection: age > 60 years (p = 0.007), use of a nasogastric tube (p = 0.017), and postoperative status (p = 0.017). At the end of 4 weeks, overall mortality was 28.8%. Patients with infection had a mortality rate of 34.7%. There was no difference between mortality rates for infected and noninfected patients (p=0.088). CONCLUSION: The rate of nosocomial infection is high in intensive care unit patients, especially for respiratory infections. The predominant bacteria were Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus (resistant organisms). Factors such as nasogastric intubation, postoperative status, and age ³60 years were significantly associated with infection. This study documents the clinical impression that prevalence rates of intensive care unit-acquired infections are high and suggests that preventive measures are important for reducing the occurrence of infection in critically ill patients.

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O cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum,Sterculiaceae) é uma frutífera da Amazônia usada na fabricação de sucos, sorvetes, doces e chocolate. A sua popularidade vem aumentando e atualmente é considerada uma das culturas mais lucrativas da região Amazônica. O cupuaçu é uma espécie predominantemente alógama e muitas flores não chegam a dar frutos mesmo quando polinizadas com póíen compatível. A taxa de polinização natural é baixa (estimado em 1,6% para pístílos polínízados com mais de 60 grãos de pólen). No presente trabalho, foram estudados alguns aspectos da sua polinização. Polinizações manuais foram feitas próximo à antese (entre 17-18:00 h) e na manhã seguinte após a antese, da seguinte maneira: retiraram-se três estaminódios da flor que iria ser polinizada para facilitar o acesso ao pistilo; da flor doadora de pólen retirou-se um estame, cujas anteras foram passadas nos braços estigmáticos. O maior êxito foi obtido nas polinizações feitas próximas à antese, atribuído ao maior número de grãos depositados durante as polinizações. Polinizações controladas entre plantas compatíveis mostraram que as flores que receberam 60 grãos de pólen tiveram 20% de probabilidade de formar fruto; as flores que receberam mais de 400 grãos de pólen, sempre formaram mitos. O uso de polinização manual aumentou o número de frutos maduros colhidos. O número de sementes nos frutos derivados de polinização natural e manual foi similar. A polinização manual poderá ser utilizada tanto no melhoramento como para aumentar a produtividade dos cupuaçuzeiros que estejam com problemas de polinização.

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Dissertação de mestrado em Ensino de Biologia e Geologia no 3º Ciclo do Ensino Básico e no Ensino Secundário

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The future of the construction industry will require changes at many levels. One is the ability of companies to adapt to new challenges, converting needs to opportunities and simultaneously contributing to the solving of social and environmental problems. In the coming decades we will see a change in attitude in the industry, with a strong tendency to adopt natural and recycled materials, as well as bet on green technology and social innovation oriented to emerging countries. On the other hand, emerging countries have a high demand for housing construction on a large scale, but the current techniques in the developed countries for building requires a large amount of natural resources and skilled labor. This contextualization brings sustainability problems for the construction sector in emerging countries, often with scarce natural resources and with the construction sector underdeveloped. Through a cooperative action between the construction company Mota-Engil Engineering and the University of Minho in Portugal, a construction technology was developed based on the use of Compressed Earth Blocks as part of a social concept for innovative small houses, favoring the adoption of local and natural materials and with the main premise of being dedicated to self-construction. The HiLoTec project - Development of a Sustainable Self-Construction System for Developing Countries was based on this idea. One of the several results of this project is this construction manual. To Mota-Engil the project was a platform for incubation of knowledge about earth construction and to obtain a constructive solution validated technically and scientifically, suitable to be implemented in the markets where it operates. For the University of Minho the project was an opportunity to strengthen skills in research, laboratory and scientific development, through the development of engineering studies, architecture and sustainability, as well as supporting the doctoral scholarships and dissemination of scientific publications. May the knowledge of this project be of benefit, in the future, for the welfare of those who build a HiLoTec house.

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Dissertação de mestrado em Português Língua Não Materna (PLNM) – Português Língua Estrangeira (PLE) e Língua Segunda (PL2)

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Relatório de estágio de mestrado em Ensino de Educação Física nos Ensinos Básico e Secundário

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Dissertação de mestrado integrado em Psicologia

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In the Portuguese school system, form tutors (FTs) are an intermediate education management structure. The form tutor is responsible for a position of coordination and orientation with a «threefold function»: a relationship with students, relationship with the student’s family and relationship with other class teachers. The joint teaching of music is a part of the educational system in basic education. It is optional and provides musical and instrumental training to students who are interested in taking it. In order to achieve this, there is a system, subject to protocols, between general education schools and schools specializing in teaching music. There is also the position of FT in specialized schools and it also includes a «threefold function». However, these FTs have the additional role of representing music teachers at the class council, which is held at the general education school. Thus, in these cases, both FTs have a fourth joint area, between the music school and the general education school, which makes the relationship between them even more complex. This paper is based on the analysis of empirical data obtained from the testimonies of FTs regarding their representations and experiences in leadership and the coordination of teachers among schools in which there is a joint teaching system. The aim of collecting narratives is to look into some of the main challenges and confrontations related to leadership issues, which we assume to be the focus of those who have the role of form tutor in that specific context.

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Dissertação de mestrado em Engenharia Industrial

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