Biología reproductiva de Polioptila lembeyei (Aves: Polioptilidae) en la Reserva Ecológica Siboney-Juticí, Santiago de Cuba, Cuba

Se estudió la biología reproductiva de Polioptila lembeyei en la Reserva Ecológica Siboney-Juticí, Santiago de Cuba, Cuba durante los años 2006 y 2007 en seis formaciones vegetales. Se describieron aspectos de su reproducción en términos de cronología reproductiva, tamaño de puesta, duración del período de incubación, permanencia de los polluelos en el nido, morfometría de nidos y huevos, y caracterización del sitio de nidificación en cuanto a la altura de los nidos y especie y altura de las plantas utilizadas como sitio de nidificación. Se localizaron 89 nidos durante las dos temporadas reproductivas, 43 en el año 2006 y 46 en el 2007. El período reproductivo se extendió desde finales de marzo hasta julio, abarcando 129 días en el año 2006 y 122 días durante el año 2007. Las nidadas tuvieron una duración de 36–56 días (construcción 8,6 ± 2,8 días, puesta 8,6 ± 2,7 días, incubación de 14,0 ± 1,2 días y permanencia de los pichones en el nido 14,5 ± 1,0 días). De los 45 nidos examinados el tamaño de puesta modal fue de tres huevos (88,9 %), encontrándose también nidadas de dos (6,7 %) y cuatro huevos (4,4 %). De 38 nidos con huevos para ambas temporadas, 15 nidos produjeron pichones (32 pichones en el 2006 y 20 pichones en el 2007) y solo tres nidos durante el 2006 (37,5 %) lograron producir volantones, los cuales salieron con éxito del nido. La planta más utilizada como sitio de nidificación fue Acacia macracantha (80 % de los nidos detectados), aunque también se hallaron nidos en otras ocho especies de plantas. Las alturas de ubicación del nido fue de 2,7 ± 1,5 m (n = 82; rango 0,3–6,4 m) y la distancia del nido al dosel de la planta utilizada como sustrato fue de 1,1 ± 0,9 m (n = 80; rango 0,1–5,4 m).

Book of the paintings, Library of Congress.

"The eighty-nine pictures here given comprise all the principal paintings of the Grand stair hall, and of the other halls of the Entrance pavilion, together with the architecture of the library building. The text contains the poems of the ʻPoetry' series, the mythological incidents of the ʻGreek Heroes, ̓the symbolism of the ʻGovernment ̓series, and other explanatory notes."

Old Samoa : or, Flotsam and jetsam from the Pacific Ocean /

Includes index.

Select tales. Being a compilation of singular, interesting, remarkable and authentic narratives, ancient and modern. Selected principally from the most esteemed and popular literary works, European and American, the greater part of which have never before been offered to the public in book form.

14th. A remarkable vision of Charles the eleventh of Sweden.--15th. An awful and authentic narrative of the monster Benito de Soto, the pirate of the Morning Star.--16th. The first and last sacrifice.--17th. The tiger's cave; or, The melancholy and tragical fate of Captains Wharton and Lincoln.--18th. The first and last love.--19th. The Scottish landlady, and her lodgers ... by Mr. Galt.--20th. Traditionary anecdotes of the Countess of Stair.--21st. First and last love.--Agnes Fitzroy.--22nd. The death of Alice Bland ... by the author of the Tales of a pilgrim--23d. Herby and his twelve wives.--24th. The murder hole.--25th. A remarkable trial of murders.

A report of the judgment, delivered in the Consistorial Court of London, on the sixteenth day of July, 1811,

Mode of access: Internet.

Cyclopedia of architecture, carpentry, and building : a general reference work ... /

"Authorities consulted" at beginning of each volume.

The works of Lord Bolingbroke. With a life,

Title in red and black.

1962 University of Michigan Baseball Team returning from Japan

On stair, top to bottom: Jim Bobel, Dave Campbell, Wayne Slusher, Fritz Fisher, Harvey Chapman, Joe Jones, Joe Merullo, Ron Tate

On ground, L-R: Don Lund, Dave Roebuck, Jim Steckley, Ed Hood, John Kerr, Denny Spalla, Dick Post, Ron Lauterbeck

The passenger pigeon,

Introduction.--My boyhood among the pigeons.--The passenger pigeon, from "American ornithology", by A. Wilson.--The passenger pigeon, from "Ornithological biography", by J.J. Audubon.--As James Fenimore Cooper saw it.--The wild pigeon of North America by Chief Pokagon, in "The Chautauquan"--The passenger pigeon, from "Life histories of North American birds", by C. Bendire.--Netting the pigeons, by W. Brewster, in "The Auk".--Efforts to check the slaughter, by Prof. H.B. Roney.--The pigeon butcher's defense, by E.F. Martin, in "American field".--Notes of a vanished industry.--Recollections of "old timers".--The last of the pigeons.--What became of the wild pigeon? By S. Cook, in "Forest and stream".--A novel theory of extinction, by C.H. Ames and R. Ridgway.--News from John Burroughs.--The pigeon in Manitoba, by G.E. Atkinson.--The passenger pigeon in confinement, by R. Deane, in "The Auk".--Nesting habits of the passenger pigeon, by Dr. M. Gibbs, in "The Oölogist".--Miscellaneous notes.

Thirty-year recovery trend in the once depleted Hawaiian green sea turtle stock

The green sea turtle is one of the long-lived species that comprise the charismatic marine megafauna. The green turtle has a long history of human exploitation with some stocks extinct. Here we report on a 30-year study of the nesting abundance of the green turtle stock endemic to the Hawaiian Archipelago. We show that there has been a substantial long-term increase in abundance of this once seriously depleted stock following cessation of harvesting since the 1970s. This population increase has occurred in a far shorter period of time than previously thought possible. There was also a distinct 3-4 year periodicity in annual nesting abundance that might be a function of regional environmental stochasticity that synchronises breeding behaviour throughout the Archipelago. This is one of the few reliable long-term population abundance time series for a large long-lived marine species, which are needed for gaining insights into the recovery process of long-lived marine species and long-term ecological processes. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Pseudopregnancy in the bitch

Pseudopregnancy in the bitch is a normal phenomenon. It refers to the dioestrus phase of the bitch's reproductive cycle. It can range in severity from covert pseudopregnancy, in which the signs are barely noticeable, to severe clinical or overt pseudopregnancy. It occurs six to eight weeks following oestrous. The bitch may present with pregnancy-like behaviour including nesting and aggression, excessive mammary enlargement and contractions. These signs are an exaggerated version of the normal signs shown in a normal entire cycling bitch. The exact aetiology behind pseudopregnancy is not known. It is believed to be associated with a rapid decline in serum progesterone concentrations and the resulting surge in prolactin. Treatment may involve conservative management, medical therapy or ovariectomy/ovariohysterectomy. In the past medical therapy has included sex steroids including oestrogens, androgens and progestins. However, due to the frequent incidence and severity of side effects their use is contraindicated. Recommended forms of management incorporate the use of prolactin inhibitors such as cabergoline, metergoline and bromocriptine. These drugs reduce serum levels of prolactin and therefore reduce the development of mammary glands and decrease the behavioural signs associated with overt pseudopregnancy.

The status of hollow-bearing trees required for the conservation of arboreal marsupials in the dry sclerophyll forests of south-east Queensland, Australia

At 38 sites in the dry sclerophyll forests of south-east Queensland, Australia, hollow-bearing trees were studied to determine the effects of past forestry practices on their density, size and spatial distribution. The density of hollow-bearing trees was reduced at sites that had been altered by poisoning and ringbarking of unmerchantable trees. This was especially the case for living hollow-bearing trees that were now at densities too low to support the full range of arboreal marsupials. Although there are presently enough hollow-bearing stags (i.e., dead hollow-bearing trees) to provide additional denning and nesting opportunities, the standing life of these hollow-bearing stags is lower than the living counterparts which means denning and nesting sites may be limited in the near future. The mean diameter at breast height (DBH) of hollow-bearing stags was significantly less than that of living hollow-bearing trees. This indicated that many large hollow-bearing stags may have a shorter standing life than smaller hollow-bearing stags. Hollow-bearing trees appear to be randomly distributed throughout the forest in both silviculturally treated and untreated areas. This finding is at odds with the suggestion by some forest managers that hollow-bearing trees should have a clumped distribution in dry sclerophyll forests of south-east Queensland.

Evaluating trends in abundance of immature green turtles, Chelonia mydas, in the Greater Caribbean

Many long-lived marine species exhibit life history traits. that make them more vulnerable to overexploitation. Accurate population trend analysis is essential for development and assessment of management plans for these species. However, because many of these species disperse over large geographic areas, have life stages inaccessible to human surveyors, and/or undergo complex developmental migrations, data on trends in abundance are often available for only one stage of the population, usually breeding adults. The green turtle (Chelonia mydas) is one of these long-lived species for which population trends are based almost exclusively on either numbers of females that emerge to nest or numbers of nests deposited each year on geographically restricted beaches. In this study, we generated estimates of annual abundance for juvenile green turtles at two foraging grounds in the Bahamas based on long-term capture-mark-recapture (CMR) studies at Union Creek (24 years) and Conception Creek (13 years), using a two-stage approach. First, we estimated recapture probabilities from CMR data using the Cormack-Jolly-Seber models in the software program MARK; second, we estimated annual abundance of green turtles. at both study sites using the recapture probabilities in a Horvitz-Thompson type estimation procedure. Green turtle abundance did not change significantly in Conception Creek, but, in Union Creek, green turtle abundance had successive phases of significant increase, significant decrease, and stability. These changes in abundance resulted from changes in immigration, not survival or emigration. The trends in abundance on the foraging grounds did not conform to the significantly increasing trend for the major nesting population at Tortuguero, Costa Rica. This disparity highlights the challenges of assessing population-wide trends of green turtles and other long-lived species. The best approach for monitoring population trends may be a combination of (1) extensive surveys to provide data for large-scale trends in relative population abundance, and (2) intensive surveys, using CMR techniques, to estimate absolute abundance and evaluate the demographic processes' driving the trends.

Economic Incentives to Conserve Wildlife on Private Lands: Analysis and Policy

Some believe that provision of private property rights in wildlife on private land provides a powerful economic incentive for nature conservation because it enables property owners to market such wildlife or its attributes. If such marketing is profitable, private landholders will conserve the wildlife concerned and its required habitat. But land is not always most profitably used for exploitation of wildlife, and many economic values of wildlife (such as non-use economic values) cannot be marketed. The mobility of some wildlife adds to the limitations of the private-property approach. While some species may be conserved by this approach, it is suboptimal as a single policy approach to nature conservation. Nevertheless, it is being experimented with, in the Northern Territory of Australia where landholders had a possibility of harvesting on their properties a quota of eggs and chicks of red-tailed black cockatoos for commercial sale. This scheme was expected to provide an incentive to private landholders to retain hollow trees essential for the nesting of these birds but failed. This case and others are analysed. Despite private-property failures, the long-term survival of some wildlife species depends on their ability to use private lands without severe harassment, either for their migration or to supplement their available resources, for example, the Asian elephant. Nature conservation on private land is often a useful, if not essential, supplement to conservation on public lands. Community and public incentives for such conservation are outlined.

Post-hatching growth and development of the pectoral and pelvic limbs in the black noddy, Anous minutus

The black tern (Anous minutus) uses a semi-precocial growth strategy. Terrestrial locomotor capacity occurs soon after hatching, but pectoral limb development is delayed and flight is not possible until about post-hatching day 50. A growth series (hatchlings to fledglings) was used to explore how limb musculoskeletal development varied with body mass. In the pelvic limb, bone lengths scaled isometrically or with negative allometry. Gastrocnemius muscle mass and the failure load and stiffness of the tibiotarsus scaled isometrically. In the pectoral limb, pectoralis and supracoracoideus muscle masses increased with strong positive allometry that was mirrored by increases in wing bone strength and stiffness. Bending strength (σult) and modulus (E) remained fairly constant throughout development to fledging for all limb bones. The moment of inertia (I) scaled with negative allometry for the tibiotarsus and with strong positive allometry in the wing bones. Differences in σult and E of the tibiotarsus between pre-fledged chicks and adults was due, primarily, to increases in bone density rather than increases in the moment of inertia of the skeletal elements, whereas σult of wing bones was a function of increases in both bone density and I. Early development of functional pelvic limbs in tree-nesting birds is relatively unusual, and presumably reflects a familial trait that does not appear to compromise breeding success in this species.