Comparação do desenvolvimento neurológico entre os gêneros em alunos ingressantes no ensino fundamental em uma escola municipal em Bauru

Human beings' motor capacity development is essential, because it facilitates movement, enabling the performance of motor activities and others. In pre-school, boys and girls acquire the motor capacity development considered basic that, through several factors such as neurological maturation, which is in charge of providing more complete movements, and body growth, which has the goal of a better body domain, makes them improve individually the performance of motor abilities, but it can minimize them if laterality does not develop spontaneously. There by, this study focused on assessing the neurological development between genders of students engaging in fundamental school. Forty-three children of both genders at age six took part in this study. The evaluation occurred through the LEFÉVRE protocol (1976), which aims at assessing the maturity and development of the Nervous System through tests of the Evolutionary Neurological Exam (ENE), which comprises a series of tests involving specific tasks, regarding age in the static balance items, dynamic balance, appendicular coordination, trunk-member coordination, motor persistency, sensibility and synkinesis. Neurological development comparisons were performed between boys and girls for each item of the battery of tests. The results of the motor persistency and sensitiveness and sensorial activity tests were below the average for six-year-old children, but there was not any difference in gender comparison for each item of the battery of tests, only a small tendency for one of the genders, but meaningless, having a variance in only two tests of the synkinesis exam (Foot-hand and paper ball with the dominant hand), in which boys had a bigger percentage of synkinesis presence than girls did. The results also showed that the majority of the children assessed, both boys and girls have a right manual and pedal preference and the ocular laterality is approximately the same for left and right-handers. It was..

Educação e sustentabilidade: relações possíveis

Considering the defi nition of Environmental Education as a human development process that seeks the transformation of the relationship between society and environment, this paper – collectively written by the members of the research group – discusses the theoretical framework of our studies, understanding them not as ’straitjackets’ that force us to repeat and reproduce predetermined analysis, but as a pathway, a method to interpret reality, a method to look for the essence of the studied phenomena, the real world. The theoretical framework we present helps us, therefore, to overcome the fragmented feature of the construction of knowledge proposed by methodologies in whose epistemological axis are located empiricism, positivism and idealism, as well as to fi nd out the laws of the phenomena whose study concerns us. It also helps us to capture in detail the details of the problems, to analyze their evolution and track the connections between phenomena that surround them. That is the Historical, Dialectical and Materialistic method formulated by Marx and those who came after him, also known as the philosophy of praxis. Based on this reference, we discuss here the relationship between environmental education and sustainability, bringing the concepts of sustainable development and sustainability into the debate, concluding that for the critical perspective explained here, environmental education for sustainability is a process that joins theory and practice for the transformation of the relationships between societies and the environment. This is the critical dimension of environmental education as we comprehend it.

How to progress from discourse to practice? a new agenda for change in medical schools into the next decade

In the context of medical school instruction, the segmented approach of a focus on specialties and excessive use of technology seem to hamper the development of the professional-patient relationship and an understanding of the ethics of this relationship. The real world presents complexities that require multiple approaches. Engagement in the community where health competence is developed allows extending the usefulness of what is learned. Health services are spaces where the relationship between theory and practice in health care are real and where the social role of the university can be revealed. Yet some competencies are still lacking and may require an explicit agenda to enact. Ten topics are presented for focus here: environmental awareness, involvement of students in medical school, social networks, interprofessional learning, new technologies for the management of care, virtual reality, working with errors, training in management for results, concept of leadership, and internationalization of schools. Potential barriers to this agenda are an underinvestment in ambulatory care infrastructure and community-based health care facilities, as well as in information technology offered at these facilities; an inflexible departmental culture; and an environment centered on a discipline-based medical curriculum.

A reumatologia em um curso de medicina com aprendizagem baseada em problemas

OBJETIVO: Apresentar a experiência de uma instituição brasileira no ensino da Reumatologia na graduação médica, cujo projeto pedagógico é estruturado em metodologias ativas de aprendizado. MÉTODOS: Realizou-se um estudo descritivo, com abordagem qualitativa dos conteúdos referentes à Reumatologia no curso de Medicina do Centro Universitário do Estado do Pará (Cesupa). RESULTADOS: O sistema musculoesquelético é abordado no segundo e sétimo semestres, nos módulos referentes ao sistema locomotor e Clínica Médica II, respectivamente, sendo que cada etapa e cada atividade apresentam objetivos específicos mínimos. Além do conteúdo teórico, no sétimo semestre, os alunos realizam atendimentos no ambulatório de Reumatologia, quando existe maior ênfase na elaboração correta de anamnese e exame físico. No internato, os alunos retornam ao ambulatório de Reumatologia e, neste momento, as habilidades de diagnóstico, de investigação e de terapêutica são as mais exigidas. CONCLUSÃO: Ainda há muito para evoluir em busca de um modelo ideal para o ensino da Reumatologia, porém, cumprindo as principais recomendações disponíveis para a boa prática do ensino na graduação, podemos proporcionar ao futuro médico conhecimento, habilidade e experiências capazes de ajudá-lo na condução desses pacientes.

Promoting ethical and environmental awareness in vulnerable communities: a research action plan

Urban populations that live in the outskirts of major Latin American cities usually face conditions of vulnerability attached to complex environmental issues, such as the lack of sewerage, floods, pollution and soil and water contamination. This article reports an intervention research programme in Sao Paulo, Brazil that combines a moral education approach with sustainability awareness in vulnerable communities. The main conceptual foundations of the project, designed to empower the community and promote ethical and environmental awareness are: strengthening the ties between the school and the surrounding community in order to construct 'moral atmosphere'; adoption of Problem- and Project-based Learning and the Design Thinking approach to reach the proposed goals.

A TRAINING COURSE ON BIOETHICS FOR FAMILY HEALTH STRATEGY PROFESSIONALS IN SANTO ANDRE, SP

This case report presents the experience of a training course on bioethics for nurses and physicians of the Family Health Strategy in Santo Andre, SP. This study is based on problem-based learning and deliberative bioethics, and aimed at presenting the deliberation procedure as a means of handling ethical issues. Contents were addressed in a cross-section manner through five sequential activity sessions at two different moments of concentration with one dispersion interval. In the first moment of concentration, key concepts and deliberative bioethics contents were developed. The second involved deliberation sessions on moral conflicts, which were selected and prepared during the dispersion interval. Participants evaluated the deliberation as an appropriate instrument to deal with the ethical issues they are faced with. Problem-based learning was an effective educational strategy for continuing education in deliberative bioethics.

Medienpädagogische Handlungskompetenzen: Problemorientierung und Kompetenzerwerb beim Lernen mit neuen Medien

Vor dem Hintergrund sich wandelnder (medialer) Lebenswelten von Schülerinnen und Schülern gewinnen Bestimmungsversuche um medienpädagogische Handlungskompetenzen von Lehrpersonen an Bedeutung. Der Erwerb medienpädagogischer Kompetenz, verstanden als dynamisches Zusammenspiel von domänenspezifischem Wissen und anwendungsorientiertem Können, wird in der vorliegenden Arbeit als wesentliches Lernziel der medienpädagogischen (Aus-)Bildung bestimmt. Als ein Weg zur Förderung medienpädagogischer Handlungskompetenz wird von der Autorin auf der Folie konstruktivistischer Vorstellungen über das Lehren und Lernen die Methode der Problemorientierung vorgeschlagen. Im ersten Teil der Arbeit werden Modelle und Konzepte diskutiert, die Bausteine für ein Modell medienpädagogischer Kompetenz liefern. Im zweiten Teil wird eine empirische Untersuchung zum Erwerb medienpädagogischer Handlungskompetenz auf der Basis eines von der Autorin erarbeiteten Modells vorgestellt und die Ergebnisse diskutiert. Eine kompetenztheoretische Annäherung erfolgt auf der Basis zweier Konzepte. Dies sind die Ausführungen zu einem Konzept kommunikativer Kompetenz nach Jürgen Habermas sowie dessen Überführung in die Medienpädagogik durch Dieter Baacke. Ferner wird die rezente bildungspolitische Kompetenzdebatte in Anbindung an Franz E. Weinert analysiert. Es folgt eine Zusammenschau über die methodischen Konzepte zur Erfassung von Kompetenzen in der Erziehungswissenschaft und deren Anwendbarkeit für die medienpädagogische Kompetenzforschung. Die gegenwärtig vorliegenden Entwürfe zu einer inhaltlichen Bestimmung medienpädagogischer Kompetenzen werden besprochen (Sigrid Blömeke, Werner Sesink, International Society for Technology in Education). Im Rekurs auf konstruktivistische lerntheoretische Überlegungen erfährt das problemorientierte Lernen beim Aufbau von Kompetenzen eine enorme Aufwertung. In der Arbeit wird insbesondere den Arbeiten von David Jonassen zu einer konstruktivistisch-instruktionistischen Herangehensweise bei der Gestaltung problemorientierter Lernumgebungen eine große Bedeutung zugesprochen (vgl. auch Ansätze des Goal-based Scenarios/Roger Schank und des Learning by Design/Janet Kolodner). Im zweiten Teil wird die Interventionsstudie im Kontrollgruppendesign vorgestellt. Anhand eines Modells medienpädagogischer Kompetenz, dass auf den Dimensionen Wissen einerseits und Können andererseits basiert, wurden Studierende (n=59) in einem Pre-Posttestverfahren auf diese Dimensionen getestet. Die Studierenden der Interventionsgruppe (n=30) arbeiteten über ein Semester mit einer problemorientierten Lernanwendung, die Studierenden der Kontrollgruppe (n=29) in einem klassischen Seminarsetting. Hauptergebnis der Untersuchung ist es, das die Intervention zu einem messbaren Lernerfolg beim medienpädagogischen Können führte. In der Diskussion der Ergebnisse werden Empfehlungen zur Gestaltung problemorientierter Lernumgebungen formuliert. Die Chancen einer Orientierung an problemorientierten Lernsettings für das Lernen an Hochschulen werden herausgestellt.

Gestione del copyright nel tool autore AContent.

Con l’avvento di Internet, potentissimo strumento tecnologico di diffusione di informazioni e di comunicazione a distanza, anche le modalità di apprendimento sono cambiate: persino nelle scuole si tende a non utilizzare più i classici libri di testo, ma ad utilizzare dispositivi dai quali scaricare in formato elettronico, libri, dispense, test, video ed ogni altro genere di materiale di apprendimento, dando vita a un vero e proprio nuovo modo di apprendere chiamato E-learning, più veloce, comodo e ricco di alternative rispetto al vecchio modello offline che si presentava sottoforma di floppy inizialmente e poi di CD-ROM. E-learning significa, electronic based learning, ed è appunto una vera e propria metodologia di didattica che sfrutta e viene facilitata da risorse e servizi disponibili e accessibili virtualmente in rete. Al momento vi sono numerose piattaforme di E-learning, una delle quali è il nucleo di questa tesi, ovvero il tool autore AContent. Questo documento di tesi, infatti, raccoglie la descrizione della progettazione e della fase implementativa della gestione delle politiche di copyright per il tool AContent. L’obbiettivo è quello di rendere possibile l’assegnazione di un copyright a qualsiasi tipo di materiale didattico venga creato, caricato e/o condiviso sulla piattaforma in questione. Pertanto l’idea è stata quella di dare la possibilità di scegliere fra più copyright preimpostati, utilizzando degli standard di licenze riguardanti i diritti d’autore, lasciando anche l’opportunità di inserire la propria politica.

The performativity of nonviolent protest in South Asia (1918 - 1948)

This study seeks to address a gap in the study of nonviolent action. The gap relates to the question of how nonviolence is performed, as opposed to the meaning or impact of nonviolent politics. The dissertation approaches the history of nonviolent protest in South Asia through the lens of performance studies. Such a shift allows for concepts such as performativity and theatricality to be tested in terms of their applicability and relevance to contemporary political and philosophical questions. It also allows for a different perspective on the historiography of nonviolent protest. Using concepts, modes of analysis and tropes of thinking from the emerging field of performance studies, the dissertation analyses two different cases of nonviolent protest, asking how politics is performatively constituted. The first two sections of this study set out the parameters of the key terms of the dissertation: nonviolence and performativity, by tracing their genealogies and legacies as terms. These histories are then located as an intersection in the founding of the nonviolent. The case studies at the analytical core of the dissertation are: fasting as a method in Gandhi's political arsenal, and the army of nonviolent soldiers in the North-West Frontier Province, known as the Khudai Khidmatgar. The study begins with an overview of current theorisations of nonviolence. The approach to the subject is through an investigation of commonly held misconceptions about nonviolent action, such as its supposed passivity, the absence of violence, its ineffectiveness and its spiritual basis. This section addresses the lacunae within existing theories of nonviolence and points to possible fertile spaces for further exploration. Section 3 offers an overview of the different shades of the concept of performativity, asking how it is used in various contexts and how these different nuances can be viewed in relation to each other. The dissertation explores how a theory of performativity may be correlated to the theorisation of nonviolence. The correlations are established in four boundary areas: action/inaction, violence/absence of violence, the actor/opponent and the body/spirit. These boundary areas allow for a theorising of nonviolent action as a performative process. The first case study is Gandhi's use of the fast as a method of nonviolent protest. Using a close reading of his own writings, speeches and letters, as well as a reading of responses to his fast in British newspapers and within India, the dissertation asks what made fasting into Gandhi's most favoured mode of protest and political action. The study reconstructs his unique praxis of the fast from a performative perspective, demonstrating how display and ostentation are vital to the political economy of the fast. It also unveils the cultural context and historical reservoir of body practices, which Gandhi drew from and adapted into 'weapons' of political action. The relationship of Gandhian nonviolence to the body forms a crucial part of the analysis. The second case study is the nonviolent army of the Pashtuns, Khudai Khidmatgar (KK), literally Servants of God. This anti-imperialist movement in the North-West Frontier Province of what is today the border between Pakistan and Afghanistan existed between 1929 and 1948. The movement adopted the organisational form of an army. It conducted protest activities against colonial rule, as well as social reform activities for the Pashtuns. This group was connected to the Congress party of Gandhi, but the dissertation argues that their conceptualisation and praxis of nonviolence emerged from a very different tradition and worldview. Following a brief introduction to the socio-political background of this Pashtun movement, the dissertation explores the activities that this nonviolent army engaged in, looking at their unique understanding of the militancy of an unarmed force, and their mode of combat and confrontation. Of particular interest to the analysis is the way the KK re-combined and mixed what appear to be contradictory ideologies and acts. In doing so, they reframed cultural and historical stereotypes of the Pashtuns as a martial race, juxtaposing the institutional form of the army with a nonviolent praxis based on Islamic principles and social reform. The example of the Khudai Khidmatgar is used to explore the idea that nonviolence is not the opposite of violent conflict, but in fact a dialectical engagement and response to violence. Section 5, in conclusion, returns to the boundary areas of nonviolence: action, violence, the opponent and the body, and re-visits these areas on a comparative note, bringing together elements from Gandhi's fasts and the practices of the KK. The similarities and differences in the two examples are assessed and contextualised in relation to the guiding question of this study, namely the question of the performativity of nonviolent action.

Understanding Research Fatigue in the Context of Community-University Relations

Community research fatigue has been understudied within the context of community-university relationships and knowledge production. Community-based research (CBR), often occurring within a limited geography and population, increases the possibility that community members feel exhausted or over-whelmed by university research —particularly when they do not see tangible results from research activities. Prompted by informal stories of research fatigue from community members, a small graduate student team sought to understand the extent to which community members experienced research fatigue, and what factors contributed to or relieved feelings of research fatigue. In order to explore these dimensions of research fatigue, semi-structured, face-to-face interviews were conducted with 21 participants, including community members (n = 9), staff and faculty (n = 10), and students (n = 2). The objective of the research was to identify university practices that contribute to research fatigue and how to address the issue at the university level. Qualitative data analysis revealed several important actionable findings: the structure and conduct of community-based research, structured reciprocity and impact, and the role of trust in research. This study’s findings are used to assess the quality of Clark University’s research relationship with its adjacent community. Recommendations are offered; such as to improve partnerships, the impact of CBR, and to develop clear principles of practice.

Teachers' professional development in a community

The goal of this article was to study teachers' professional development related to web-based learning in the context of the teacher community. The object was to learn in what kind of networks teachers share the knowledge of web-based learning and what are the factors in the community that support or challenge teachers professional development of web-based learning. The findings of the study revealed that there are teachers who are especially active, called the central actors in this study, in the teacher community who collaborate and share knowledge of web-based learning. These central actors share both technical and pedagogical knowledge of web-based learning in networks that include both internal and external relations in the community and involve people, artefacts and a variety of media. Furthermore, the central actors appear to bridge different fields of teaching expertise in their community. According to the central actors' experiences the important factors that support teachers' professional development of web-based learning in the community are; the possibility to learn from colleagues and from everyday working practices, an emotionally safe atmosphere, the leader's personal support and community-level commitment. Also, the flexibility in work planning, challenging pupils, shared lessons with colleagues, training events in an authentic work environment and colleagues' professionalism are considered meaningful for professional development. As challenges, the knowledge sharing of web-based learning in the community needs mutual interests, transactive memory, time and facilities, peer support, a safe atmosphere and meaningful pedagogical practices. On the basis of the findings of the study it is suggested that by intensive collaboration related to web-based learning it may be possible to break the boundaries of individual teachership and create such sociocultural activities which support collaborative professional development in the teacher community. Teachers' in-service training programs should be more sensitive to the culture of teacher communities and teachers' reciprocal relations. Further, teacher trainers should design teachers' in-service training of web-based learning in co-evolution with supporting networks which include the media and artefacts as well as people.

Teachers' professional development in a community

The goal of this article was to study teachers' professional development related to web-based learning in the context of the teacher community. The object was to learn in what kind of networks teachers share the knowledge of web-based learning and what are the factors in the community that support or challenge teachers professional development of web-based learning. The findings of the study revealed that there are teachers who are especially active, called the central actors in this study, in the teacher community who collaborate and share knowledge of web-based learning. These central actors share both technical and pedagogical knowledge of web-based learning in networks that include both internal and external relations in the community and involve people, artefacts and a variety of media. Furthermore, the central actors appear to bridge different fields of teaching expertise in their community. According to the central actors' experiences the important factors that support teachers' professional development of web-based learning in the community are; the possibility to learn from colleagues and from everyday working practices, an emotionally safe atmosphere, the leader's personal support and community-level commitment. Also, the flexibility in work planning, challenging pupils, shared lessons with colleagues, training events in an authentic work environment and colleagues' professionalism are considered meaningful for professional development. As challenges, the knowledge sharing of web-based learning in the community needs mutual interests, transactive memory, time and facilities, peer support, a safe atmosphere and meaningful pedagogical practices. On the basis of the findings of the study it is suggested that by intensive collaboration related to web-based learning it may be possible to break the boundaries of individual teachership and create such sociocultural activities which support collaborative professional development in the teacher community. Teachers' in-service training programs should be more sensitive to the culture of teacher communities and teachers' reciprocal relations. Further, teacher trainers should design teachers' in-service training of web-based learning in co-evolution with supporting networks which include the media and artefacts as well as people.

Teachers' professional development in a community

The goal of this article was to study teachers' professional development related to web-based learning in the context of the teacher community. The object was to learn in what kind of networks teachers share the knowledge of web-based learning and what are the factors in the community that support or challenge teachers professional development of web-based learning. The findings of the study revealed that there are teachers who are especially active, called the central actors in this study, in the teacher community who collaborate and share knowledge of web-based learning. These central actors share both technical and pedagogical knowledge of web-based learning in networks that include both internal and external relations in the community and involve people, artefacts and a variety of media. Furthermore, the central actors appear to bridge different fields of teaching expertise in their community. According to the central actors' experiences the important factors that support teachers' professional development of web-based learning in the community are; the possibility to learn from colleagues and from everyday working practices, an emotionally safe atmosphere, the leader's personal support and community-level commitment. Also, the flexibility in work planning, challenging pupils, shared lessons with colleagues, training events in an authentic work environment and colleagues' professionalism are considered meaningful for professional development. As challenges, the knowledge sharing of web-based learning in the community needs mutual interests, transactive memory, time and facilities, peer support, a safe atmosphere and meaningful pedagogical practices. On the basis of the findings of the study it is suggested that by intensive collaboration related to web-based learning it may be possible to break the boundaries of individual teachership and create such sociocultural activities which support collaborative professional development in the teacher community. Teachers' in-service training programs should be more sensitive to the culture of teacher communities and teachers' reciprocal relations. Further, teacher trainers should design teachers' in-service training of web-based learning in co-evolution with supporting networks which include the media and artefacts as well as people.

Knowledge Transfer Processes in the IS Offshore Outsourcing Transition: A Conceptual Model

Despite promising cost saving potential, many offshore software projects fail to realize the expected benefits. A frequent source of failure lies in the insufficient transfer of knowledge during the transition phase. Former literature has reported cases where some domains of knowledge were successfully transferred to vendor personnel whereas others were not. There is further evidence that the actual knowledge transfer processes often vary from case to case. This raises the question whether there is a systematic relationship between the chosen knowledge transfer process and know-ledge transfer success. This paper introduces a dynamic perspective that distinguishes different types of knowledge transfer processes explaining under which circumstances which type is deemed most appropriate to successfully transfer knowledge. Our paper draws on knowledge transfer literature, the Model of Work-Based Learning and theories from cognitive psychology to show how characteristics of know-ledge and the absorptive capacity of knowledge recipients fit particular knowledge transfer processes. The knowledge transfer processes are conceptualized as combinations of generic knowledge transfer activities. This results in six gestalts of know-ledge transfer processes, each representing a fit between the characteristics of the knowledge process and the characteristics of the knowledge to be transferred and the absorptive capacity of the knowledge recipient.

Encouraging adolescents toward mental health careers via website biographies.

This project designed, developed, implemented and is currently evaluating the effectiveness of an interactive, multi-media website designed to encourage adolescents to consider careers in mental health. This Web-based learning environment features biographies of mental health scientists. Evaluation is conducted in a systematic, structured way using cognitive achievement, usability (ease of use), and affective scales (e.g., fun to use) as outcome measures