Qualificação da Atenção à Saúde das Crianças e Adolescentes da Escola Guaraci Barroso Marinho, ESF Zachia, Passo Fundo/RS

O presente trabalho visa apresentar os resultados do projeto de intervenção Qualificação da atenção à saúde das crianças e adolescentes da Escola Guaraci Barroso Marinho, pela equipe de saúde do ESF Zachia, Passo Fundo/RS. Esse trabalho teve como foco a promoção, prevenção e assistência à saúde dos educandos através de ações intersetoriais e multiprofissionais. A intervenção durou 12 semanas e baseou-se em quatro eixos: monitoramento e avaliação, gestão do serviço, qualificação da prática clínica e engajamento público. Participaram da intervenção 668 alunos, destes foram atingidos um percentual de efetiva participação de 86,1% das crianças e adolescentes, dos turnos da manhã e tarde. Foi realizada avaliação antropométrica, avaliação de acuidade visual, avaliação odontológica, avaliação psicossocial e avaliação do calendário vacinal. Essas ações possibilitaram identificar crianças com sobrepeso, déficit de peso e obesidade que estão sendo atendidas pela nutricionista. Também foi possível identificar crianças com erros refrativos ou agravos à saúde ocular que foram encaminhadas para oftalmologista. Também foram identificados alunos que precisavam de atendimento odontológico que foram encaminhados à consulta odontológica. Além disso, foram realizadas atividades de educação em saúde abordando temas como saúde bucal, sexualidade, bullying e acidentes domésticos. Essas ações de educação em saúde possibilitaram sensibilizar as crianças para o cuidado com sua saúde. Dessa forma é possível visualizar resultados positivos alcançados através da intervenção. Ainda, essa intervenção possibilitou uma aproximação entre o profissional de saúde, professores, direção da escola e escolares. Apesar de não atingir a totalidade das crianças de adolescentes dos turnos da manhã e tarde matriculados na escola alvo devido a limitação do tempo, acredita-se que com a manutenção das ações na rotina da equipe de saúde da família todos poderão ser alcançados.

Melhoria da Atenção à Saúde dos Idosos na UBS Luciliana Bastos da Silva, Serra do Navio-AP

SANCHEZ, Antonio Berrio. Melhoria da Atenção à Saúde dos Idosos na UBS Luciliana Bastos da Silva, Serra do Navio-AP. 2015. 90f. Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (Curso de Especialização em Saúde da Família) - Departamento de Medicina Social, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, 2015. O envelhecimento populacional vem sendo observado em vários países, inclusive no Brasil, onde mais de 10% da população apresenta-se com mais de 60 anos. Por esse motivo mostra-se importante ofertar o cuidado à saúde específico aos idosos, entendendo que esse cuidado deve ser um trabalho conjunto entre equipe de saúde, idoso e família. Este trabalho apresenta uma intervenção com o objetivo de melhorar a saúde dos idosos residentes no território adscrito à UBS Luciliana Bastos da Silva, no município de Serra do Navio-AP. A UBS está localizada na área rural do município, e possui uma equipe de saúde da família composta por um médico, uma enfermeira, duas técnicas de enfermagem, uma dentista, uma auxiliar de saúde bucal, cinco ACS, uma psicóloga, uma educadora física, uma nutricionista e uma assistente social. Atende uma população de cerca de 1.500 habitantes, sendo a população alvo da intervenção estimada em 77 idosos residentes na área de abrangência. A intervenção foi realizada em 12 semanas, com a prática de acolhimento, atendimento e cadastramento de idosos, busca ativa de faltosos, visita a acamados, registro específico e monitoramento das ações, capacitação da equipe e atividades de educação em saúde. Foi utilizado o Caderno da Atenção Básica - Atenção à saúde da pessoa idosa e envelhecimento - como protocolo, e ficha espelho e planilha de coleta de dados disponibilizada pelo curso como instrumentos de registro e monitoramento. A cobertura no primeiro mês atingiu 33,8% com 26 idosos cadastrados, no segundo mês cadastramos 39 idosos para um 84,4% de cobertura e no terceiro mês foram registrados 10 idosos chegando a um 97,4%, para um total de 75 idosos cadastrados. Os parâmetros qualitativos dos três meses foram 100% porque todos receberam Avaliação Multidimensional Rápida, exame clínico apropriado, solicitação de exames complementares periódicos, prescrição de medicamentos da Farmácia Popular, avaliação da necessidade de atendimento odontológico, registro específico em ficha espelho, avaliação da rede social, receberam a Caderneta de Saúde da Pessoa Idosa, foram rastreados para hipertensão arterial, rastreados quanto ao risco de morbimortalidade, investigados quanto à presença de indicadores de fragilização da velhice, e foram orientados sobre alimentação saudável e para a prática regular de atividade física. Todos os idosos hipertensos foram rastreados para diabetes, e 85,3% dos idosos realizaram a primeira consulta odontológica, sendo todos estes orientados quanto à higiene bucal. Melhoramos a atenção à saúde dos idosos, com atendimento prioritário e de qualidade por uma equipe multidisciplinar, e organizamos o processo de trabalho, incorporando estas atividades como rotina de nosso serviço e favorecendo o funcionamento da UBS e do trabalho integral da equipe de saúde. Palavras-chave: Atenção Primária à Saúde; Saúde da Família; Saúde do Idoso; Assistência Domiciliar; Saúde Bucal

Melhoria da Atenção aos Usuários com Hipertensão Arterial e Diabetes na ESF Mãe Dita, Demerval Lobão/PI

Hipertensão Arterial e Diabetes Mellitus constituem os principais fatores de risco para doenças cardiovasculares. Neste contexto, o acompanhamento demonstra ser uma importante estratégia de controle destas condições de saúde. A população com Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica estimada é de 526 usuários, entretanto existem 358 usuários cadastrados, o que representa 68% da população adstrita, quanto aos diabéticos à estimativa é de 150 usuários existindo somente 77 pessoas diagnosticadas, o que representa uma cobertura de 51%. Por tudo isso nosso objetivo geral foi melhorar a qualidade da atenção dos pacientes hipertensos e diabéticos da unidade básica de saúde Mãe Dita do Município Demerval Lobão no Estado do Piauí. Realizamos uma intervenção com duração de 13 semanas. A fim de melhorar a assistência as pessoas, desenvolvemos capacitações com os profissionais atuantes, ações educativas com a comunidade, melhoria dos registros, visitas domiciliares, busca de faltosos, incremento na qualidade das consultas e melhoria no acompanhamento odontológico. Após a o período da intervenção chegamos a 436 hipertensos cadastrados, representando 82.9 % dos hipertensos da área de abrangência, já quanto aos diabéticos houve 108 usuários acompanhados durante a intervenção 72% dos diabéticos. As necessidades de atendimento odontológico dos usuários diabéticos também ficaram muito baixas. No primeiro mês foram 12 diabéticos (63.2%), no segundo mês 25 (53.2%), no terceiro mês foram 42 (40%) totalizando 43 (39.8%) no quarto mês. Porque em nossa UBS soo contamos com uma cadeira odontológica e trabalhamos 3 equipes de saúde, outra dificuldade que temos e que não todos os usuários encaminhados as consultas assistem. O trabalho foi bem recebido pela comunidade, os usuários participaram ativamente nas ações realizadas, fóruns avaliados enquanto a riscos de doenças crônicas e receberam orientações positivas para o cuidado da sua saúde. O serviço na UBS melhorou positivamente, pois ficou mais organizado enquanto a acolhimento, qualidade dos arquivos específicos e prontuários clínicos. A equipe de saúde agora trabalha com mais unidade e responsabilidade logo das capacitações recebidas e a experiência adquirida ao longo do projeto.

Plano de intervenção para redução das complicações da hipertensão arterial na área de abrangência da ESF Cruz Araújo do município Cônego Marinho

A Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica (HAS) é um problema grave de saúde pública no Brasil e no mundo, sendo um dos mais importantes fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento de doenças cardiovasculares, cerebrovasculares e renais. Na Analise da Situação de Saúde (ASS) da Unidade Básica de Saúde da Família (UBSF) da Comunidade de Cruz dos Araújo de Cônego Marinho-MG observa-se uma alta incidência desta doença, em que os nós críticos foram: baixo nível de informação da população sobre a HAS; hábitos e estilos de vida inadequados o que aumentada as complicações da HAS. Assim, o objetivo do presente estudo e foi propor um plano de ação para aumentar o nível de conhecimento dos pacientes hipertensos atendidos pela UBSF da Comunidade de Cruz dos Araújo. O estudo foi desenvolvido por meio de levantamento bibliográfico utilizando bases de dados informatizadas da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS). O material lido foi fichado e registrado as principais idéias e teorias pertinentes ao tema. A partir do estudo, foi possível observar os fatores que aumentam as complicações podendo assim, sugerir estratégias para amenizar esta problemática e construir uma proposta de um plano de ação. Esperamos que a partir do estudo pudesse compreender um pouco mais sobre a complexidade do paciente idoso em seu contexto, refletindo sobre ações e estratégias que possa minimizar esse problema.

Graphene And Carbon Nanotube Nanocomposite For Gene Transfection.

Graphene and carbon nanotube nanocomposite (GCN) was synthesised and applied in gene transfection of pIRES plasmid conjugated with green fluorescent protein (GFP) in NIH-3T3 and NG97 cell lines. The tips of the multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were exfoliated by oxygen plasma etching, which is also known to attach oxygen content groups on the MWCNT surfaces, changing their hydrophobicity. The nanocomposite was characterised by high resolution scanning electron microscopy; energy-dispersive X-ray, Fourier transform infrared and Raman spectroscopies, as well as zeta potential and particle size analyses using dynamic light scattering. BET adsorption isotherms showed the GCN to have an effective surface area of 38.5m(2)/g. The GCN and pIRES plasmid conjugated with the GFP gene, forming π-stacking when dispersed in water by magnetic stirring, resulting in a helical wrap. The measured zeta potential confirmed that the plasmid was connected to the nanocomposite. The NIH-3T3 and NG97 cell lines could phagocytize this wrap. The gene transfection was characterised by fluorescent protein produced in the cells and pictured by fluorescent microscopy. Before application, we studied GCN cell viability in NIH-3T3 and NG97 line cells using both MTT and Neutral Red uptake assays. Our results suggest that GCN has moderate stability behaviour as colloid solution and has great potential as a gene carrier agent in non-viral based therapy, with low cytotoxicity and good transfection efficiency.

Carbon Nanoparticles For Gene Transfection In Eukaryotic Cell Lines.

For the first time, oxygen terminated cellulose carbon nanoparticles (CCN) was synthesised and applied in gene transfection of pIRES plasmid. The CCN was prepared from catalytic of polyaniline by chemical vapour deposition techniques. This plasmid contains one gene that encodes the green fluorescent protein (GFP) in eukaryotic cells, making them fluorescent. This new nanomaterial and pIRES plasmid formed π-stacking when dispersed in water by magnetic stirring. The frequencies shift in zeta potential confirmed the plasmid strongly connects to the nanomaterial. In vitro tests found that this conjugation was phagocytised by NG97, NIH-3T3 and A549 cell lines making them fluorescent, which was visualised by fluorescent microscopy. Before the transfection test, we studied CCN in cell viability. Both MTT and Neutral Red uptake tests were carried out using NG97, NIH-3T3 and A549 cell lines. Further, we use metabolomics to verify if small amounts of nanomaterial would be enough to cause some cellular damage in NG97 cells. We showed two mechanisms of action by CCN-DNA complex, producing an exogenous protein by the transfected cell and metabolomic changes that contributed by better understanding of glioblastoma, being the major finding of this work. Our results suggested that this nanomaterial has great potential as a gene carrier agent in non-viral based therapy, with low cytotoxicity, good transfection efficiency, and low cell damage in small amounts of nanomaterials in metabolomic tests.

Does The Reciproc File Remove Root Canal Bacteria And Endotoxins As Effectively As Multifile Rotary Systems?

To evaluate the effectiveness of Reciproc for the removal of cultivable bacteria and endotoxins from root canals in comparison with multifile rotary systems. The root canals of forty human single-rooted mandibular pre-molars were contaminated with an Escherichia coli suspension for 21 days and randomly assigned to four groups according to the instrumentation system: GI - Reciproc (VDW); GII - Mtwo (VDW); GIII - ProTaper Universal (Dentsply Maillefer); and GIV -FKG Race(™) (FKG Dentaire) (n = 10 per group). Bacterial and endotoxin samples were taken with a sterile/apyrogenic paper point before (s1) and after instrumentation (s2). Culture techniques determined the colony-forming units (CFU) and the Limulus Amebocyte Lysate assay was used for endotoxin quantification. Results were submitted to paired t-test and anova. At s1, bacteria and endotoxins were recovered in 100% of the root canals investigated (40/40). After instrumentation, all systems were associated with a highly significant reduction of the bacterial load and endotoxin levels, respectively: GI - Reciproc (99.34% and 91.69%); GII - Mtwo (99.86% and 83.11%); GIII - ProTaper (99.93% and 78.56%) and GIV - FKG Race(™) (99.99% and 82.52%) (P < 0.001). No statistical difference were found amongst the instrumentation systems regarding bacteria and endotoxin removal (P > 0.01). The reciprocating single file, Reciproc, was as effective as the multifile rotary systems for the removal of bacteria and endotoxins from root canals.

Comparative Cytogenetics Of Physalaemus albifrons And Physalaemus Cuvieri Species Groups (anura, leptodactylidae).

Recently, Physalaemus albifrons (Spix, 1824) was relocated from the Physalaemus cuvieri group to the same group as Physalaemus biligonigerus (Cope, 1861), Physalaemus marmoratus (Reinhardt & Lütken, 1862) and Physalaemus santafecinus Barrio, 1965. To contribute to the analysis of this proposition, we studied the karyotypes of Physalaemus albifrons, Physalaemus santafecinus and three species of the Physalaemus cuvieri group. The karyotype of Physalaemus santafecinus was found to be very similar to those of Physalaemus biligonigerus and Physalaemus marmoratus, which were previously described. A remarkable characteristic that these three species share is a conspicuous C-band that extends from the pericentromeric region almost to the telomere in the short arm of chromosome 3. This characteristic is not present in the Physalaemus albifrons karyotype and could be a synapomorphy of Physalaemus biligonigerus, Physalaemus marmoratus and Physalaemus santafecinus. The karyotype of Physalaemus santafecinus is also similar to those of Physalaemus marmoratus and Physalaemus biligonigerus owing to the presence of several terminal C-bands and the distal localization of the NOR in a small metacentric chromosome. In contrast, the Physalaemus albifrons karyotype has no terminal C-bands and its NOR is located interstitially in the long arm of submetacentric chromosome 8. The NOR-bearing chromosome of Physalaemus albifrons very closely resembles those found in Physalaemus albonotatus (Steindachner, 1864), Physalaemus cuqui Lobo, 1993 and some populations of Physalaemus cuvieri Fitzinger, 1826. Additionally, the Physalaemus albifrons karyotype has an interstitial C-band in chromosome 5 that has been exclusively observed in species of the Physalaemus cuvieri group. Therefore, we were not able to identify any chromosomal feature that supports the reallocation of Physalaemus albifrons.

A Decade Of Malaria During Pregnancy In Brazil: What Has Been Done Concerning Prevention And Management.

In Brazil, malaria remains a disease of major epidemiological importance because of the high number of cases in the Amazonian Region. Plasmodium spp infections during pregnancy are a significant public health problem with substantial risks for the pregnant woman, the foetus and the newborn child. In Brazil, the control of malaria during pregnancy is primarily achieved by prompt and effective treatment of the acute episodes. Thus, to assure rapid diagnosis and treatment for pregnant women with malaria, one of the recommended strategy for low transmission areas by World Health Organization and as part of a strategy by the Ministry of Health, the National Malaria Control Program has focused on integrative measures with woman and reproductive health. Here, we discuss the approach for the prevention and management of malaria during pregnancy in Brazil over the last 10 years (2003-2012) using morbidity data from Malaria Health Information System. Improving the efficiency and quality of healthcare and education and the consolidation of prevention programmes will be challenges in the control of malaria during pregnancy in the next decade.

Acute Exercise Decreases Trb3 Protein Levels In The Hypothalamus Of Obese Rats.

To evaluate the effects of acute exercise on the TRB3 protein levels and interaction between TRB3/Akt proteins in the hypothalamus of obese rats. In addition, we evaluated the relationship between TRB3 and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress) and verified whether an acute exercise session is able to influence these processes. In the first part of the study, the rats were divided into three groups: control (lean) - fed with a standard rodent chow, DIO - fed with a high fat diet and DIO submitted to a swimming acute exercise protocol (DIO-EXE). In the second part of the study, we used other three groups: control (lean) receiving an intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) infusion of vehicle, lean receiving an i.c.v. infusion of thapsigargin, and lean receiving an i.c.v infusion of thapsigargin and performing an acute exercise session. Four hours after the exercise session, the food intake was measured and the hypothalamus was dissected and separated for subsequent protein analysis by immunoblotting and Real Time PCR. The acute exercise session reduced the TRB3 protein levels, disrupted the interaction between TRB3/Akt proteins, increased the phosphorylation of Foxo1 and restored the anorexigenic effects of insulin in the hypothalamus of DIO rats. Interestingly, the suppressive effects of acute exercise on TRB3 protein levels may be related, at least in part, to the decrease of ER stress (evaluated though pancreatic ER kinase phosphorylation - pPERK and C/EBP homologous protein - CHOP protein levels) in the hypothalamus. In conclusion, the reduction of hypothalamic TRB3 protein levels mediated by exercise may be associated with the reduction of ER stress. These data provided a new mechanism by which an acute exercise session improves insulin sensitivity in hypothalamus and restores food intake control in obesity.

Guidelines On The Treatment Of Anemia Of Chronic Renal Failure Using Recombinant Human Erythropoietin: Associação Brasileira De Hematologia, Hemoterapia E Terapia Celular Guidelines Project: Associação Médica Brasileira - 2014.

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Undulatory Physical Resistance Training Program Increases Maximal Strength In Elderly Type 2 Diabetics.

To investigate the effects of a specific protocol of undulatory physical resistance training on maximal strength gains in elderly type 2 diabetics. The study included 48 subjects, aged between 60 and 85 years, of both genders. They were divided into two groups: Untrained Diabetic Elderly (n=19) with those who were not subjected to physical training and Trained Diabetic Elderly (n=29), with those who were subjected to undulatory physical resistance training. The participants were evaluated with several types of resistance training's equipment before and after training protocol, by test of one maximal repetition. The subjects were trained on undulatory resistance three times per week for a period of 16 weeks. The overload used in undulatory resistance training was equivalent to 50% of one maximal repetition and 70% of one maximal repetition, alternating weekly. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences (p<0.05) between pre-test and post-test over a period of 16 weeks. The average gains in strength were 43.20% (knee extension), 65.00% (knee flexion), 27.80% (supine sitting machine), 31.00% (rowing sitting), 43.90% (biceps pulley), and 21.10% (triceps pulley). Undulatory resistance training used with weekly different overloads was effective to provide significant gains in maximum strength in elderly type 2 diabetic individuals.

Analysis Of Cellular Adhesion On Superhydrophobic And Superhydrophilic Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanotube Scaffolds.

We analyzed GFP cells after 24h cultivated on superhydrophilic vertically aligned carbon nanotube scaffolds. We produced two different densities of VACNT scaffolds on Ti using Ni or Fe catalysts. A simple and fast oxygen plasma treatment promoted the superhydrophilicity of them. We used five different substrates, such as: as-grown VACNT produced using Ni as catalyst (Ni), as-grown VACNT produced using Fe as catalyst (Fe), VACNT-O produced using Ni as catalyst (NiO), VACNT-O produced using Fe as catalyst (FeO) and Ti (control). The 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole reagent nuclei stained the adherent cells cultivated on five different analyzed scaffolds. We used fluorescence microscopy for image collect, ImageJ® to count adhered cell and GraphPad Prism 5® for statistical analysis. We demonstrated in crescent order: Fe, Ni, NiO, FeO and Ti scaffolds that had an improved cellular adhesion. Oxygen treatment associated to high VACNT density (group FeO) presented significantly superior cell adhesion up to 24h. However, they do not show significant differences compared with Ti substrates (control). We demonstrated that all the analyzed substrates were nontoxic. Also, we proposed that the density and hydrophilicity influenced the cell adhesion behavior.

Proinflammatory Activity Of Primarily Infected Endodontic Content Against Macrophages After Different Phases Of The Root Canal Therapy.

This study investigated the presence of target bacterial species and the levels of endotoxins in teeth with apical periodontitis. Levels of inflammatory mediators (interleukin [IL]-1β and tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α) were determined after macrophage stimulation with endodontic content after different phases of endodontic therapy using different irrigants. Thirty primarily infected root canals were randomly assigned into 3 groups according to the irrigant used for root canal preparation (n = 10 per group): GI: 2.5% sodium hypochlorite, GII: 2% chlorhexidine gel, and GIII (control group): saline solution. Root canal samples were taken by using paper points before (s1) and after root canal instrumentation (s2), subsequently to 17% EDTA (s3), after 30 days of intracanal medication (Ca[OH]2 + saline solution) (s4), and before root canal obturation (s5). Polymerase chain reaction (16S recombinant DNA) and limulus amebocyte lysate assay were used for bacterial and endotoxin detection, respectively. Macrophages were stimulated with the root canal contents for IL-1β/TNF-α measurement using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Porphyromonas gingivalis (17/30), Porphyromonas endodontalis (15/30), and Prevotella nigrescens (11/30) were the most prevalent bacterial species. At s1, endotoxins were detected in 100% of the root canals (median = 32.43 EU/mL). In parallel, substantial amounts of IL-1β and TNF-α were produced by endodontic content-stimulated macrophages. At s2, a significant reduction in endotoxin levels was observed in all groups, with GI presenting the greatest reduction (P < .05). After a root canal rinse with EDTA (s3), intracanal medication (s4), and before root canal obturation (s5), endotoxin levels reduced without differences between groups (P < .05). IL-1β and TNF-α release decreased proportionally to the levels of residual endotoxin (P < .05). Regardless of the use of sodium hypochlorite or CHX, the greatest endotoxin reduction occurs after chemomechanical preparation. Increasing steps of root canal therapy associated with intracanal medication enhances endotoxin reduction, leading to a progressively lower activation of proinflammatory cells such as macrophages.

Sexual dysfunction in epilepsy: identifying the psychological variables

In order to evaluate the psychological variables that affect sexual dysfunction (SD) in epilepsy, where compared 60 epileptics (Group 1) with 60 healthy individuals (Group 2), through the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (Spielberger et al., 1970), Beck Depression Inventory (Beck, 1974) and Sexual Behavior Interview (Souza, 1995). Sexual dysfunction (SD), anxiety and depression were found more frequently in Group 1 than in Group 2 and were not related to sex. Variables such as the onset duration and frequency of seizures as well as the use to medication were not associated with SD. Temporal lobe epilepsy was related to SD (p = 0.035) but not to anxiety or depression. Anxiety and depression were related to SD in both groups. Perception in controlling the seizures was closely related to anxiety (p = 0) and depression (p = 0.009). We conclude that psychological factors play an important role in the alteration of sexual behavior in epileptics and that suitable attention must be given to the control of these variables.