HRM Practices Sustaining PSM: When Values Congruency Matters

Abstract: This study aims at identifying the organisational antecedents of public service motivation (PSM). It focuses on human resources management (HRM) practices as one category of organisational factors that impact on PSM. Concretely, this research questions how intrinsic and extrinsic HRM practices are related to PSM and whether these relationships are direct or mediated by person-organisation (P-O) fit. The empirical findings are based on a survey of 6,885 civil servants working in Switzerland. Regression analyses highlight that intrinsic HRM practices are positively related to PSM, whereas extrinsic ones are negatively related to PSM. Furthermore, mediation tests shows that only the intrinsic HRM practices are mediated by PO fit. Thus, civil servants who value intrinsic work incentives maintain a high PSM level when they perceive congruence between their individual expectations and the values of their organisation.

Educació i valors

Quan ens plantegem el tema de les relacions entre l'educació i els valors -utilitzant, com fem habitualment, el terme 'valors' en un sentit més ampli i més planer que en l'axiologia- podem referint-nos a una varietat de temàtiques prou diferents entre si, bo i que probablement serven també lligams mutus prou clars. Aquí a tall de suggeriment voldria presentar tres tipus de problemes, diferents però vinculats, que designem, sovint indistintament, amb l'expressió 'educació i valors'. Ens referim a la controvèrsia sobre la neutralitat de la ciència, a les finalitats de l'educació, i a la formació moral i cívica.

Dénoncer les 'méchants' ? Les effets de la trajectoire sociale sur l'investissement politico-moral dans la police

Cet article montre, en premier lieu, que le degré d'investissement politico-moral des policières et des policiers dans leur métier est fortement variable. Si une partie des individus nouvellement entrés dans la police expriment un sentiment de distance sociale doublé d'une distinction morale par rapport à la population, d'autres ne s'investissement pas dans leur métier comme dans une « croisade morale » (Becker, 1985 [1963]), et estiment au contraire que les justiciables appartiennent à la même « communauté morale » (Fassin, 2011, p. 313) qu'eux-mêmes. La perspective adoptée prolonge ainsi les critiques des approches classiques de la « culture policière », qui ont démontré leur caractère trop uniformisant et leurs biais mécaniste. Parmi les études de sociologie de la police n'ayant pas adopté une telle approche, celle de W. Ker Muir (1977), pourtant ancienne, a montré que tous les policiers ne vivaient pas leur appartenance au groupe professionnel sur le mode d'une distinction morale d'avec les justiciables. Aucune autre étude n'a pourtant traité des variations dans l'investissement politico moral des policières et des policiers, et n'a donc tenté d'en fournir des explications. Le second axe d'analyse vise ainsi à combler ce déficit explicatif, en montrant que l'investissement politico-moral dans le métier dépend largement de la trajectoire antérieure des individus recrutés dans la police, en particulier des expériences de pertes de statut qu'ils ont pu subir, ainsi que du type de stratégies d'ascension sociale ou de récupération de ce statut qu'ils mettent en place.

Distal and proximal influences on the use of business and moral frames in responsible decisions

We empirically contribute to the debate on business education in building on a decision frame perspective of decision making in corporate responsibility settings. Business schools have been accused to teach amoral theories, leading their students to behave less morally and engendering corporate responsibility scandals. Research has also pointed toward self-selection: business students would differ from non-business students before entering business school. We examine the role of socioeconomic status, core self-evaluations in this regard. Further, we investigate the belief in a free market as a distal influence triggering a business frame, and moral intensity as a proximal influence triggering a moral frame on responsible decision making by business and non-business students. Cross-sectional data obtained from 566 students on two decision making scenarios mostly supported our hypotheses. Socioeconomic status but not core self-evaluations explain the belief in a free market, and had indirect effects on the likelihood to make a less responsible decision. Importantly, the relationship between business studies and the belief in a free market remained significant after accounting for these variables. Our study thus contributes to the socialization and self-selection arguments. We discuss theoretical and practical implications for research on decision frames and for business education, respectively.

La literatura com educació moral i la moralitat com a literatura. De l'ètica a la narrativa

El present treball posa de manifest la potencialitat de la literatura com a educació moral. Si bé nombrosos autors han tractat la possibilitat d"educar moralment a través de la literatura, pocs han abordat l"espontaneïtat de la literatura com a educadora moral per a qualsevol ciutadà. Hi ha una estreta relació entre la narrativitat i la moralitat, tant des del vessant de la moralitat com a narrativa com des de la narrativa com a moral. Moralitat i literatura formen part d"un mateix univers i esbrinar aquesta relació és el que es pretén al llarg d"aquest estudi. Finalment es dibuixa un apunt sobre la relació entre ciutadania, literatura i moralitat, per tal de mostrar la potencialitat de la literatura per a l"educació per a la ciutadania.

Values-driven management as perceived by personnel

Organizational values can be used as a tool for improving organization performance. The role of the leaders in building support and developing behaviours consistent with values-driven management is studied through value perceptions by the personnel in the object organization.

L'educació moral a través de la literatura. El punt de vista d'Iris Murdoch

L'egoisme és, en paraules de Murdoch, l'enemic més gran de la moralitat. L'art es presenta com una de les possibilitats de treure el jo de si mateix perquè prengui consciència del món. La finalitat d'aquest article és posar de manifest la importància i també l'interès de la literatura com a vehicle de reflexió i de presa de consciència de la realitat en la que es mou l'ésser humà tal com ens ho presenta Iris Murdoch. Sota aquest punt de vista la literatura posseeix una clara funció educativa moral.

Moral Disengagement in the Legitimation and Realization of Aggressive Behaviors in Soccer and Ice Hockey

The aim of the present study was to test the effect of moral disengagement on the tolerance and realization of aggressive acts in male soccer and ice hockey players in Switzerland. One hundred and four soccer and 98 ice hockey players evaluated the legitimacy of four videotaped aggressive behaviors and completed a questionnaire that included a moral disengagement scale and self-reported aggression. The level of moral disengagement, which mediates the effects of perceived coach and ego attitudes toward transgressions, largely explains the tolerance of hostile aggression within teams, as well as the level of high aggressive acts reported by the participants.

CT attenuation values of blood and myocardium: rationale for accurate coronary artery calcifications detection with multi-detector CT.

OBJECTIVES: To determine inter-session and intra/inter-individual variations of the attenuations of aortic blood/myocardium with MDCT in the context of calcium scoring. To evaluate whether these variations are dependent on patients' characteristics. METHODS: Fifty-four volunteers were evaluated with calcium scoring non-enhanced CT. We measured attenuations (inter-individual variation) and standard deviations (SD, intra-individual variation) of the blood in the ascending aorta and of the myocardium of left ventricle. Every volunteer was examined twice to study the inter-session variation. The fat pad thickness at the sternum and noise (SD of air) were measured too. These values were correlated with the measured aortic/ventricular attenuations and their SDs (Pearson). Historically fixed thresholds (90 and 130 HU) were tested against different models based on attenuations of blood/ventricle. RESULTS: The mean attenuation was 46 HU (range, 17-84 HU) with mean SD 23 HU for the blood, and 39 HU (10-82 HU) with mean SD 18 HU for the myocardium. The attenuation/SD of the blood were significantly higher than those of the myocardium (p < 0.01). The inter-session variation was not significant. There was a poor correlation between SD of aortic blood/ventricle with fat thickness/noise. Based on existing models, 90 HU threshold offers a confidence interval of approximately 95% and 130 HU more than 99%. CONCLUSIONS: Historical thresholds offer high confidence intervals for exclusion of aortic blood/myocardium and by the way for detecting calcifications. Nevertheless, considering the large variations of blood/myocardium CT values and the influence of patient's characteristics, a better approach might be an adaptive threshold.