LAICIDADE E HOMOSSEXUALIDADE: O TRATAMENTO DAS REIVINDICAÇÕES LGBT POR PARLAMENTARES EVANGÉLICOS FEDERAIS ENTRE 2010 E 2013

As religiões, em especial as monoteístas judaica, islâmica e cristã, sempre condenaram os homossexuais afirmando que a homossexualidade é um comportamento contrário às determinações religiosas e biológicas que Deus estipulou para a raça humana. Nesse contexto, o presente trabalho analisará qual o tratamento dado por alguns líderes cristãos e parlamentares evangélicos acerca das reivindicações LGBT, compreendendo o período de 2010 e 2013. A dissertação está dividida em três capítulos. No primeiro capítulo tratará sobre as origens, as definições, as aproximações e o distanciamento que guardam entre si os conceitos de laicidade e secularização, que servirão como pano de fundo para uma análise da presença religiosa privada no espaço político-público. O segundo capítulo fará uma análise histórica sobre o tratamento dado pela religião cristã aos homossexuais, com uma breve história a partir da ascensão da religião cristã e sua hegemonia como religião oficial do Império Romano. Ainda no segundo capítulo, será analisada a questão da homossexualidade e seu tratamento pela religião cristã, desde a época da colonização portuguesa até os dias atuais, com uma análise sobre a utilização da grande mídia (televisão, rádio e internet) pelas lideranças evangélicas, para desestabilizar e até mesmo evitar que os interesses da população LGBT sejam analisados e aprovados pelo poder público. No terceiro capítulo a dissertação aprofundará o tema com uma análise dos discursos dos parlamentares evangélicos sobre as reivindicações LGBT. Nesse contexto, será demonstrado como os discursos são direcionados a pontos específicos das reivindicações da população homossexual, para obstar suas pretensões no Congresso Nacional. Será analisado ainda, como os parlamentares evangélicos recuam em seus argumentos doutrinários (religiosos) e, passam a utilizar-se de argumentos políticos, jurídicos e sociais, tendo como objetivo fortalecer seus discursos e enfraquecer os argumentos dos ativistas LGBT na persecução de suas reivindicações.

The social construction of lesbianism: a reappraisal

The commentators in this reappraisal describe The Social Construction of Lesbianism (1987) as ‘classic’ (Coyle1), ‘exciting’ (Tiefer), ‘important’, (MacBride-Stewart), ‘fascinating’ (Snelling), a ‘remarkable achievement’ (Snelling), and an ‘engagingly written, political tour de force’ (Coyle). Like some of the commentators (Coyle, Snelling), one of us (VC) owns a well-read copy of The Social Construction of Lesbianism, highlighted in all the colours of the rainbow and covered in (now) rather cryptic notes. This was the copy that passed back and forth between us as we completed our PhDs in lesbian and gay psychology, both of which were supervised by Celia Kitzinger. As young lesbian feminists, we were drawn to Celia’s radicalism and uncompromising political commitment. She was an inspiring, challenging, passionate and energetic PhD supervisor, and we are honoured and privileged to edit this reappraisal of The Social Construction of Lesbianism, a book based on her PhD.

Intolerance of ambiguity, gender stereotypes, and attitudes to sexuality

The premise of this thesis is that Western thought is characterised by the need to enforce binary classification in order to structure the world. Classifications of sexuality and gender both embody this tendency, which has been largely influenced by Judeo-Christian tradition. Thus, it is argued that attitudes to sexuality, particularly homosexuality are, in part, a function of the way in which we seek to impose structure on the world. From this view, it is (partly) the ambiguity, inherent in gender and sexual variation, which evokes negative responses. The thesis presents a series of inter-linked studies examining attitudes to various aspects of human sexuality, including the human body, non-procreative sex acts (anal an oral sex) and patterns of sexuality that depart from the hetero-homo dichotomy. The findings support the view that attitudes to sexuality are significantly informed by gender-role stereotypes, with negative attitudes linked to intolerance of ambiguity. Male participants show large differences in their evaluations of male and female bodies, and of male and female sexual actors, than do female participants. Male participants also show a greater negativity to gay male sexual activity than do female participants, but males perceive lesbian sexuality similarly to heterosexuality. Male bodies are rated as being less 'permeable' than female bodies and male actors are more frequently identified as being the instigators of sexual acts. Crucial to the concept of heterosexism is the assumption that 'femininity' is considered inherently inferior to 'masculinity'. Hence, the findings provide an empirical basis for making connections between heterosexism and sexism, and therefore between the psychology of women, and gay and lesbian psychology.

Dancing for women:subverting heteronormativity in a lesbian erotic dance space?

This article utilises participant observation, interview and collaborative visual data, collected with women erotic dancers, management and customers, to ascertain how far heteronormativity is subverted in a UK lesbian leisure space, Lippy (the name is a pseudonym), which provides erotic dance for women customers. The potential for a female 'gaze', the 'normativity' of gendered and sexualised bodies, and the notion of a 'women's space' are taken as areas for analysis. Women's engagement with erotic dance is complex, and this article examines the connections between sexual agency and gendered power relations, questioning how far women can exercise autonomous sexual expression in commercial sexual encounters. © The Author(s) 2012.

Discourses of friendship between heterosexual women and gay men:mythical norms and an absence of desire

Gay men and heterosexual women may share some common interests in critiquing hetero-patriarchy. However feminism and gay liberationist politics do not always coincide and the role of individual subjectivities in recognising oppressive discourses of normativity remains debated. Interviews were conducted with seven friendship dyads of heterosexual women and gay men. Transcripts were subjected to discourse analysis, which suggested extensive management of heterosexist norms in the friends' accounts of friendship. The analysis highlighted ambiguity over the 'male' status of gay men, a concern with constructing the friendships as legitimately asexual, and the use of parody in the face of homophobia to disrupt normative assumptions. Although we primarily considered the role of heterosexist discourses, there is also evidence that other dimensions of non-normativity (for example, gender and ethnicity) are implicated in friendships constructed around shared otherness and mutual non-normativity. © 2010 SAGE.

Religious faith and heterosexuality:a multi-faith exploration of young adults

This paper examines the understandings and practices of 515 heterosexual religious young adults living in the UK in terms of their religious faith and sexuality. It presents qualitative and quantitative data drawn from questionnaires, interviews, and video diaries. Four themes are explored. First, participants generally understood sexuality in relation to sacred discourses. Second, regardless of gender and religious identification, the participants drew from religious (e.g. religious community) and social (i.e. friends) influences to construct their sexual values and attitudes. Third, the religious and familial spaces within which the participants inhabited were structured by heteronormative assumptions. Thus, the participants must negotiate dominant norms, particularly those pertaining to marriage and sex within it. Finally, the paper focuses on married participants, offering insights into their motivations for, and experiences of, marriage. Overall, the paper demonstrates that, like their lesbian and gay counterparts, heterosexual religious young adults also had to manage various competing and mutually-reinforcing sexual and religious norms in constructing a meaningful life.

Some Theoretical Results on the Progeny of a Bisexual Galton-Watson Branching Process

A Superadditive Bisexual Galton-Watson Branching Process is considered and the total number of mating units, females and males, until the n-th generation, are studied. In particular some results about the stochastic monotony, probability generating functions and moments are obtained. Finally, the limit behaviour of those variables suitably normed is investigated.

On the Extinction Probability for Bisexual Branching Processes in Varying Environments

2000 Mathematics Subject Classification: 60J80

Estimation of the Offspring and Immigration Mean Vectors for Bisexual Branching Processes with Immigration of Females and Males

2000 Mathematics Subject Classification: 60J80, 62M05.

On Y-Linked Genes and Bisexual Branching Processes

2000 Mathematics Subject Classification: 60J80.

Some Probabilistic Results in a Bisexual Branching Process with Immigration

2000 Mathematics Subject Classification: 60J80.