Index theory for basic Dirac operators on Riemannian foliations

In this paper we prove a formula for the analytic index of a basic Dirac-type operator on a Riemannian foliation, solving a problem that has been open for many years. We also consider more general indices given by twisting the basic Dirac operator by a representation of the orthogonal group. The formula is a sum of integrals over blowups of the strata of the foliation and also involves eta invariants of associated elliptic operators. As a special case, a Gauss-Bonnet formula for the basic Euler characteristic is obtained using two independent proofs.

Vector control intervention towards interruption of transmission of Chagas disease by Rhodnius prolixus, main vector in Guatemala

In Guatemala, the Ministry of Health (MoH) began a vector control project with Japanese cooperation in 2000 to reduce the risk of Chagas disease infection. Rhodnius prolixus is one of the principal vectors and is targeted for elimination. The control method consisted of extensive residual insecticide spraying campaigns, followed by community-based surveillance with selective respraying. Interventions in nine endemic departments identified 317 villages with R. prolixus of 4,417 villages surveyed. Two cycles of residual insecticide spraying covered over 98% of the houses in the identified villages. Fourteen villages reinfestated were all resprayed. Between 2000-2003 and 2008, the number of infested villages decreased from 317 to two and the house infestation rate reduced from 0.86% to 0.0036%. Seroprevalence rates in 2004-2005, when compared with an earlier study in 1998, showed a significant decline from 5.3% to 1.3% among schoolchildren in endemic areas. The total operational cost was US$ 921,815, where the cost ratio between preparatory, attack and surveillance phases was approximately 2:12:1. In 2008, Guatemala was certified for interruption of Chagas disease transmission by R. prolixus. What facilitated the process was existing knowledge in vector control and notable commitment by the MoH, as well as political, managerial and technical support by external stakeholders.

Certifying achievement in the control of Chagas disease native vectors: what is a viable scenario?

As an evaluation scheme, we propose certifying for “control”, as alternative to “interruption”, of Chagas disease transmission by native vectors, to project a more achievable and measurable goal and sharing good practices through an “open online platform” rather than “formal certification” to make the key knowledge more accumulable and accessible.

A dystroglycan mutation associated with limb-girdle muscular dystrophy.

Dystroglycan, which serves as a major extracellular matrix receptor in muscle and the central nervous system, requires extensive O-glycosylation to function. We identified a dystroglycan missense mutation (Thr192→Met) in a woman with limb-girdle muscular dystrophy and cognitive impairment. A mouse model harboring this mutation recapitulates the immunohistochemical and neuromuscular abnormalities observed in the patient. In vitro and in vivo studies showed that the mutation impairs the receptor function of dystroglycan in skeletal muscle and brain by inhibiting the post-translational modification, mediated by the glycosyltransferase LARGE, of the phosphorylated O-mannosyl glycans on α-dystroglycan that is required for high-affinity binding to laminin.

An axiomatization of the prekernel of nontransferable utility games

We characterize the prekernel of NTU games by means of consistency,converse consistency, and five axioms of the Nash type on bilateral problems.The intersection of the prekernel and the core is also characterized with thesame axioms over the class of games where the core is nonempty.

Surviving in a competitive spatial market: The threshold capture model

Most facility location decision models ignore the fact that for a facility to survive it needs a minimum demand level to cover costs. In this paper we present a decision model for a firm thatwishes to enter a spatial market where there are several competitors already located. This market is such that for each outlet there is a demand threshold level that has to be achievedin order to survive. The firm wishes to know where to locate itsoutlets so as to maximize its market share taking into account the threshold level. It may happen that due to this new entrance, some competitors will not be able to meet the threshold and therefore will disappear. A formulation is presented together with a heuristic solution method and computational experience.

Like-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (LARGE)-dependent modification of dystroglycan at Thr-317/319 is required for laminin binding and arenavirus infection.

α-dystroglycan is a highly O-glycosylated extracellular matrix receptor that is required for anchoring of the basement membrane to the cell surface and for the entry of Old World arenaviruses into cells. Like-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (LARGE) is a key molecule that binds to the N-terminal domain of α-dystroglycan and attaches ligand-binding moieties to phosphorylated O-mannose on α-dystroglycan. Here we show that the LARGE modification required for laminin- and virus-binding occurs on specific Thr residues located at the extreme N terminus of the mucin-like domain of α-dystroglycan. Deletion and mutation analyses demonstrate that the ligand-binding activity of α-dystroglycan is conferred primarily by LARGE modification at Thr-317 and -319, within the highly conserved first 18 amino acids of the mucin-like domain. The importance of these paired residues in laminin-binding and clustering activity on myoblasts and in arenavirus cell entry is confirmed by mutational analysis with full-length dystroglycan. We further demonstrate that a sequence of five amino acids, Thr(317)ProThr(319)ProVal, contains phosphorylated O-glycosylation and, when modified by LARGE is sufficient for laminin-binding. Because the N-terminal region adjacent to the paired Thr residues is removed during posttranslational maturation of dystroglycan, our results demonstrate that the ligand-binding activity resides at the extreme N terminus of mature α-dystroglycan and is crucial for α-dystroglycan to coordinate the assembly of extracellular matrix proteins and to bind arenaviruses on the cell surface.

Severidade da mancha-marrom em trigo cultivado com diferentes formas de nitrogênio e doses de manganês

A fonte de N fornecido às culturas influencia algumas propriedades do solo como o pH, causando efeitos indiretos na disponibilidade e, consequentemente na absorção de nutrientes pela planta. Em relação ao Mn, que pode influenciar na susceptibilidade de plantas a doenças, pode haver alterações até mesmo nas relações patógeno-hospedeiro. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de duas fontes de N e cinco doses de Mn na severidade da mancha-marrom em plantas de trigo, bem como na produção de matéria seca da parte aérea e raízes, a absorção desses nutrientes pelas plantas e a disponibilidade do Mn no solo. O experimento foi instalado em casa de vegetação e os tratamentos dispostos em um esquema fatorial (2 × 5), sendo duas fontes de N (amoniacal e nítrica) e cinco doses de Mn (0; 2,5; 5,0; 10,0 e 20,0 mg dm-3), em delineamento de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Foram utilizadas amostras de um Latossolo Vermelho distrófico em vasos contendo 2,2 dm³, com três plantas de trigo. Aos 45 dias após emergência (DAE), as plantas foram inoculadas com uma suspensão de 10(5) mL-1 conídios de Bipolaris sorokiniana. Foram determinados o grau de severidade final da mancha-marrom, a produção de matéria seca da parte aérea e das raízes, e os teores foliares de N e Mn nas plantas de trigo, assim como a disponibilidade de Mn no solo. Verificou-se efeito das fontes de N e das doses de Mn apenas na severidade da mancha-marrom e nos teores de Mn no solo e nas folhas. Houve respostas quadráticas para os teores de Mn no solo e nas folhas e para a severidade da mancha-marrom no trigo. A fonte amoniacal [(NH4)2SO4] proporcionou maior disponibilidade do Mn no solo do que a fonte nítrica [Ca(NO3)2], que foi acompanhada de aumento do teor foliar de Mn na planta e de diminuição da severidade da mancha-marron em trigo.

Un acte de guérilla : la pseudonymie en Afrique francophone subsaharienne

L'affirmation de soi à travers l'adoption d'un pseudonyme se présente comme une forme d'autocréation qui répond à l'acte d'écriture, en tant que forme première d'une individualité dans la langue. Le nouveau nom remplit la fonction symbolique d'invention de soi par la nomination, tout en jouant, chez certains écrivains d'Afrique noire, de l'inscription d'une autre langue au sein de l'onomastique française. Pour certains d'entre eux, l'autonomination apparaît même comme un acte de guérilla, une affirmation de soi et non une dissimulation, marquée au coin de l'onomastique africaine et d'un contexte historico-politique qui lui donne sens. Dans le cadre de cet article, à considérer comme l'esquisse d'une réflexion abordant un champ encore peu exploré, il s'agit d'envisager les divers enjeux de la nomination en Afrique noire, puis d'interroger les pratiques d'écrivains pseudonymes, tels Sony Labou Tansi, Mongo Beti et Ken Bugul, qui constituent des cas de figure particulièrement significatifs de cette pratique. Self-affirmation via the adoption of a pseudonym constitues a form of self-creation springing from the act of writing, in the guise of a primary shape given within language to an individual. The new name fulfills the symbolic function of inventing oneself through nomination while playing on - in the instance of certain black African writers - the inscription of another language within French onomastics. For one, self-naming appears as a « guerilla action », an affirmation of self and not its dissimulation, marked on the edges by African onomastics and an historico-political context that gives the meaning. In this article, offered as an outline of an approch to an little-explored field of investigation, we seek to identify the various stakes related to naming in black Africa, before examining specific techniques demonstrated by pseudonymous writers such as Sony Labou Tansi, Mongo Beti, and Ken Bugul, taken as exemplary and particulary significant in this domain.

Coeficiente de determinação genotípica e de diversidade genética em topocruzamentos de soja tipo alimento com tipo grão

As estimativas do coeficiente de herdabilidade são importantes para a escolha de uma estratégia eficaz de seleção. Quando os tratamentos são considerados fixos, a herdabilidade é denominada coeficiente de determinação genotípica. Os objetivos do presente trabalho foram estimar, através de topocruzamentos obtidos entre soja tipo alimento e soja tipo grão, o coeficiente de determinação genotípica e avaliar a diversidade genética de modo a se distinguir diferenças de contribuição dos parentais de soja tipo alimento com sementes grandes e com sementes pequenas usados nos topocruzamentos, assim como avaliar a interação de cada grupo com o ambiente. Os resultados de determinação genotípica obtidos nas médias de topocruzamentos foram: 90,51% com relação ao número de dias para maturidade (NDM); 93,92% com relação à altura da planta na maturidade (APM); 79,52% com relação ao acamamento (AC); 91,37% ao valor agronômico (VA); 95,55% ao peso de cem sementes (PCS); 57,57% à produtividade de grãos (PG), e 91,18% à largura visual das vagens (LVV), enquadrando-se aos valores encontrados na literatura. Em relação às estimativas de diversidade genética, que representam a disponibilidade de diferenças genéticas para seleção, os caracteres NDM, APM e AC apresentaram valores maiores nos topocruzamentos envolvendo parentais exóticos de sementes pequenas e para VA, PCS, PG e LVV nos topocruzamentos envolvendo parentais exóticos de sementes grandes.

Correlações fenotípicas entre tamanho de grãos e outros caracteres em topocruzamentos de soja tipo alimento com tipo grão

Este trabalho foi conduzido para avaliar a correlação fenotípica entre vários caracteres em topocruzamentos entre soja tipo alimento e soja tipo grão (Doko e FT-2). Valores de interesse para facilitar a seleção foram obtidos nas correlações entre peso de cem sementes (tamanho de sementes) e dias para atingir a maturidade, e entre tamanho de sementes e largura visual da vagem. Na correlação entre produtividade de grãos e tamanho de sementes somente os topocruzamentos com Doko foram significativos. As estimativas de correlações em plantas individuais tenderam a confirmar aquelas obtidas em médias de parcelas. Os valores de correlação foram diferentes entre os tipos (grão, broto/"natto" e hortaliça) de soja envolvidos, o que sugere a adoção de estratégias de seleção distintas. O estudo de correlações para cada topocruzamento é importante, pois podem ocorrer diferenças no desempenho das plantas como foi observado nos resultados obtidos.