Generalized Burgers equations and Euler-Painlev transcendents. I

Initial-value problems for the generalized Burgers equation (GBE) ut+u betaux+lambdaualpha =(delta/2)uxx are discussed for the single hump type of initial data both continuous and discontinuous. The numerical solution is carried to the self-similar ``intermediate asymptotic'' regime when the solution is given analytically by the self-similar form. The nonlinear (transformed) ordinary differential equations (ODE's) describing the self-similar form are generalizations of a class discussed by Euler and Painlevé and quoted by Kamke. These ODE's are new, and it is postulated that they characterize GBE's in the same manner as the Painlev equations categorize the Kortweg-de Vries (KdV) type. A connection problem for some related ODE's satisfying proper asymptotic conditions at x=±[infinity], is solved. The range of amplitude parameter is found for which the solution of the connection problem exists. The other solutions of the above GBE, which display several interesting features such as peaking, breaking, and a long shelf on the left for negative values of the damping coefficient lambda, are also discussed. The results are compared with those holding for the modified KdV equation with damping. Journal of Mathematical Physics is copyrighted by The American Institute of Physics.

Studio portrait of Josef Soudek as a young boy dressed in a sailor suit; Bodenbach (Děčín, Czech Republic) Portraits Children

Digital Image

View of Muensterstrasse including Erich Gustav Baum's haberdashery store (Waesche Baum); Rheine i.W. Portraits Family

The shop was shut down by the Nazis several times during the 1930s

Grete Baum nee Dublon assisting a customer in her husband Erich Gustav Baum's haberdashery store (Waesche Baum); Muensterstrasse, Rheine i.W. Portraits Family

The shop was shut down by the Nazis several times during the 1930s

Herman Sommerfeld, German Jewish World War I pilot, seated in an airplane Portraits Men

Signed by photographer bottom left

Reproduction of World War I portrait of Dr. Nathan Wolf of the 2nd Company of the 1st Landsturm Infantry Regiment Portraits Men

Dr. Nathan Wolf's medals: (bottom left) silver Wound Badge; Iron Cross 2nd Class; Iron Cross 1st Class; Zaehringer Loewe (Baden); (on right) Medal of the Turkish Crescent

Studio portrait of Leopold Landsberger in military uniform, before the Verdun battle of World War I.

Digital Image

Studio portrait of Benno Strauss in military uniform after being drafted to fight on the front during World War I at the age of thirty-nine.

Father of Herbert Strauss

Understanding and management of resistance to Group M, L and I Herbicides

This project will develop better understanding of resistance to glyphosate, paraquat and Group I herbicides to better inform weed management. The project will develop a range of tools for farm advisors to improve their confidence in decision making with respect to reducing the risk of glyphosate, Group I and paraquat resistance. These will include risk assessments, case studies and scenario exploring tools. The project will discuss with commercial providers the potential for new herbicide registrations. The project will establish farm advisor learning groups to work on the application of the research in local areas where resistance is already a major problem and to improve adoption of research outcomes from this and other projects.

Nephrin and the Pathogenesis of Nephropathy - Emphasis on Type I Diabetes

End-stage renal disease is an increasingly common pathologic condition, with a current incidence of 87 per million inhabitants in Finland. It is the end point of various nephropathies, most common of which is the diabetic nephropathy. This thesis focuses on exploring the role of nephrin in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. Nephrin is a protein of the glomerular epithelial cell, or podocyte, and it appears to have a crucial function as a component of the filtration slit diaphragm in the kidney glomeruli. Mutations in the nephrin gene NPHS1 lead to massive proteinuria. Along with the originally described location in the podocyte, nephrin has now been found to be expressed in the brain, testis, placenta and pancreatic beta cells. In type 1 diabetes, the fundamental pathologic event is the autoimmune destruction of the beta cells. Autoantibodies against various beta cell antigens are generated during this process. Due to the location of nephrin in the beta cell, we hypothesized that patients with type 1 diabetes may present with nephrin autoantibodies. We also wanted to test whether such autoantibodies could be involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. The puromycin aminonucleoside nephrosis model in the rat, the streptozotocin model in the rat, and the non-obese diabetic mice were studied by immunochemical techniques, in situ -hybridization and the polymerase chain reaction -based methods to resolve the expression of nephrin mRNA and protein in experimental nephropathies. To test the effect of antiproteinuric therapies, streptozotocin-treated rats were also treated with aminoguanidine or perindopril. To detect nephrin antibodies we developed a radioimmunoprecipitation assay and analyzed follow-up material of 66 patients with type 1 diabetes. In the puromycin aminonucleoside nephrosis model, the nephrin expression level was uniformly decreased together with the appearance of proteinuria. In the streptozotocin-treated rats and in non-obese diabetic mice, the nephrin mRNA and protein expression levels were seen to increase in the early stages of nephropathy. However, as observed in the streptozotocin rats, in prolonged diabetic nephropathy the expression level decreased. We also found out that treatment with perindopril could not only prevent proteinuria but also a decrease in nephrin expression in streptozotocin-treated rats. Aminoguanidine did not have an effect on nephrin expression, although it could attenuate the proteinuria. Circulating antibodies to nephrin in patients with type 1 diabetes were found, although there was no correlation with the development of diabetic nephropathy. At diagnosis, 24% of the patients had these antibodies, while at 2, 5 and 10 years of disease duration the respective proportions were 23%, 14% and 18%. During the total follow-up of 16 to 19 years after diagnosis of diabetes, 14 patients had signs of nephropathy and 29% of them tested positive for nephrin autoantibodies in at least one sample. In conclusion, this thesis work could show changes of nephrin expression along with the development of proteinuria. The autoantibodies against nephrin are likely generated in the autoimmune process leading to type 1 diabetes. However, according to the present work it is unlikely that these autoantibodies are contributing significantly to the development of diabetic nephropathy.

Destroyed Railroad Wagon in Mero Laburcz Military; World War I

Bernhard Bardach World War I Album I