América Latina: el comercio internacional de productos lácteos

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Subsistema lácteo

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Cluster lácteo en el Uruguay

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El cluster lácteo en Chile

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Eliminando barreras: el financiamiento a las PYMES en América Latina

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Efeito do potencial de óxido-redução na biolixiviação da calcopirita

Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia - IQ

Profissionais de UTI neonatal e alimentação de recém-nascidos com uso de copo

Purpose: Cup feeding is an alternative technique of infant feeding when the infant is not being breastfed. Healthcare providers should have experience with the cup feeding technique in order to feed safely an infant. Objectives: The aim of this study is to identify the practices and the feeding cup techniques currently being used by healthcare NICU professionals, and to explore the opinions and beliefs of health professionals regarding to feeding cup. Methods: Twelve NICU nursing assistant were interviewed. Results: Most of the professionals interviewed were able to properly execute the feeding cup technique. The main problem observed was the improper positioning of the cup while using the technique. Most of them were ‘pouring’ the milk into the infant’s mouth. Thus, the participants interviewed expressed doubts about the technique and denied having been trained for this procedure in routine work at NICU. Nevertheless, all the participants were interested to learn more about the technique. Conclusion: In general,, all the professionals interviewed were able to properly execute the feeding cup technique. The questions and concerns presented by the professionals reassure the need for research and educational activities in order to educate health professionals about the correct use of feeding cup technique to assure a safe alternative feeding for infants.

Sistemas de retenção O'ring e barra-clipe em overdenture mandibular

The dissatisfaction of the treatment with mandibular complete dentures in edentulous patients has been a constant problem in Dentistry. Often, the absence of stability and retention, resultants of a physiologic condition and alveolar ridge resorption, bring reduction of chewing force, speech problems and social life interference. In these cases, the rehabilitation over osseointegrated implants can be an effective and safe alternative of treatment. When it is not possible to put implants in appropriate number and disposition, it is necessary to make a simple and low costing prosthetic planning, which makes resurge the overdentures. Various implant supported attachment systems for overdentures have been developed in the dental market. Thus, intending to facilitate the professional choice, this study review the literature about attachment systems O’ring and bar- clip in its following aspect: retention level, stress distribution, hygiene complications and patient satisfaction.

Texas Health & Safety Code, Section 165.002 - Right to Breastfeed in Texas

The language used in Section 165.002 of the Texas Health and Safety Code renders breastfeeding women vulnerable and susceptible to harassment, discrimination, and persecution via the Texas Penal Code, Sec. 30.05 (Criminal Trespassing), Sec. 21.08 (Indecent Exposure), and Sec. 21.22 (Indecency with a Child). ^ The overall goal of this paper is to develop a solution to this problem via a proposed law or legislative action that offers protection and support for breastfeeding women who choose to nurse in public. Data to inform these recommendations were collected through a literature review and structured interviews with several breastfeeding stakeholders. A literature review of state and federal breastfeeding legislation was conducted to compare and contrast differences between existing legislation in the United States. Interviews were conducted with breastfeeding legislation stakeholders, which included state legislators who have been active in breastfeeding legislation, breastfeeding mothers, and representatives from the Central Texas Healthy Mothers Healthy Babies Coalition (Centex HMHB Coalition), Texas Breastfeeding Coalition (TXBF coalition), La Leche League International, and the Texas Business Association. Data from the literature and legislation reviews and interviews were transcribed and examined for common themes using qualitative data techniques. ^ Overall, most of the stakeholders came to a general consensus on three points, (1) breastfeeding women are supported by stakeholders within the community, (2) other legislation or penal codes should not override the right to breastfeed, and (3) the current breastfeeding legislation needs to be improved to adequately support breastfeeding women. The interviews with breastfeeding legislation stakeholders yielded two major recommendations for the improvement of Section 165.002 of the Texas Health and Safety Code: advocacy efforts to change the wording of the legislation and education to inform people about the legislation. ^ The right to breastfeed is an important public health issue in that it provides a host of health benefits for mothers and children, and is more economical and environmentally superior to alternative feeding methods. While breastfeeding in public is not illegal nor ever has been, adequate legislation is important to affirm this right for women so that they can confidently feed their children without embarrassment or harassment.^

Carcasas de cabritos alimentados con tres sustitutos lácteos

Se evaluó y comparó las características de carcasas de cabritos cruza Saanen y Criollo alimentados durante 60 días con tres sustitutos lácteos diferentes: sustituto formulado en la unidad experimental FCA, sustituto comercial para terneros COM y leche de vaca LEC. Se evaluó la aceptación de la carne obtenida por parte del consumidor de Mendoza, Argentina, y la composición acídica de las carcasas. Las diversas dietas provocaron diferencias significativas (p < 0.05) en el contenido de grasa intramuscular de las carcasas: 8.08; 6.27 y 13.45 % respectivamente para FCA, COM y LEC. También se encontraron diferencias (p < 0.05) en la composición acídica, principalmente en la proporción de ácido linoleico (C18:0) en los cabritos FCA respecto de los otros, resultado de la incorporación de una alta proporción de aceites vegetales en su fórmula. No obstante los distintos contenidos grasos y composición acídica no hubo diferencias significativas de aceptación por parte del consumidor (p < 0.05).

Mineralogía del Macizo Ultramáfico de Tapo (Cordillera Oriental Andina, Perú)

En el Perú se conocen escasos complejos ultramáficos, a diferencia de lo que ocurre en otros países de la región (Colombia, Ecuador, Brasil, etc.) o del Caribe, como Cuba (Pereira et al., 2004). Dichos complejos son habitualmente de dimensiones reducidas y han sido interpretados tradicionalmente como resultado de la intrusión de un magma ultrabásico profundo, que se emplaza en sills, diques o cuerpos intrusivos en secuencias metasedimentarias y en otras litologías, a las que se atribuye una edad precámbrica como a las intrusiones

¿Qué es el cow comfort?

En la última década, el bienestar de los animales, en general, ha cobrado una extraordinaria importancia, habiéndose publicado numerosas normativas que fijan las condiciones en que han de ser alojados y manejados para no causarles sufrimientos innecesarios y estrés (http://www.mapya.es/es/ganaderia/pags/bienestar/granja.htm). Los consumidores de los países desarrollos cada vez son más conscientes de este hecho y su demanda de productos de origen animal obtenidos en condiciones de producción éticamente correctas está aumentando. De hecho, la mayoría de los programas y modelos de certificación de producto (la leche, en este caso) tienen en cuenta los aspectos de bienestar animal entre sus requisitos. Definir el bienestar animal no siempre resulta fácil. Al fin y al cabo, lo interpretamos desde una perspectiva humana. No obstante, no resulta tan complicado rectificar aquello que provoca dolor, miedo, hambre, sed, calor, frío, etc., o evitarlo cuando construimos algo nuevo. También es importante conseguir un mantenimiento correcto de las instalaciones y un manejo del animal que evite los malos tratos.

Food, nutrition and public health in contemporary Spain, 1900-1936

Within the context of the health reforms introduced in Spain in the early 20th century and the influence of international health organisations on their development, this article analyses the growing interest that surrounded nourishment and food-related problems at that time in relation to healthcare, the diagnosis provided by hygienists of such problems, and the public health measures applied to resolve them. The issue of hygienic diet and the collective aspect of nutritional problems became priorities in the field of healthcare. Two of the most prominent initiatives involved setting up a Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene and Bromatological Technique during the early years of the Second Republic, as part of the National School of Health, as well as a Food Hygiene Service. Spanish hygienists underlined the importance of education and the dissemination of information about food hygiene, health and nutrition, in order to overcome the qualitative and quantitative deficiencies observed in the average diet of the Spanish population.

Adlicante 15

Recopilación de las presentaciones de la Jornada Adlicante celebrada el 19 de febrero de 2015 en la Universidad de Alicante.

Etiología y epidemiología de las mastitis humanas

La mastitis infecciosa es una patología común durante la lactancia y constituye una de las primeras causas de destete precoz. Por tanto, debería ser considerada un problema de Salud Pública relevante, ya que priva a la pareja madre-hijo de los incuestionables beneficios que la lactancia proporciona. No obstante, la mastitis humana ha sido hasta la fecha una enfermedad subestimada e infradiagnosticada, ya que habitualmente sólo se consideran mastitis los casos agudos que cursan con una sintomatología evidente y su diagnóstico microbiológico no se realiza de forma rutinaria. La etiopatogenia de la mastitis se ha relacionado con un proceso de disbiosis en la glándula mamaria, que da lugar al sobrecrecimiento de ciertas especies presentes en la leche humana. Sin embargo, la ausencia de un diagnóstico microbiológico rutinario de la leche humana hace que los estudios microbiológicos sobre esta patología sean muy escasos y que se desconozca el papel que juegan muchos agentes etiológicos. En este trabajo, el análisis microbiológico de 1.849 muestras de leche materna procedentes de mujeres con mastitis ha revelado que el género Staphylococcus constituye el primer grupo microbiano implicado en esta patología, siendo Staphylococcus epidermidis la especie aislada con mayor frecuencia (91,56% de las muestras). La especie Staphylococcus aureus se detectó en el 29,74% de los casos. Los géneros Streptocococcus y Corynebacterium constituyeron, respectivamente, el segundo (70,20%) y tercer (16,60%) grupo microbiano con mayor prevalencia en este estudio. Estos resultados ponen de manifiesto que los estafilococos coagulasa-negativos, los estreptococos del grupo viridans y las corinebacterias, habitualmente considerados microorganismos comensales y subestimados como causa de mastitis humanas, tienen un papel relevante como agentes etiológicos de esta patología. Este hecho avala que el análisis microbiológico de la leche, identificando los agentes causales a nivel de especie, es el único medio posible para obtener un diagnóstico etiológico preciso y establecer un tratamiento eficaz para la mastitis...