Nonstationary feature extraction techniques for automatic classification of impact acoustic signals

Condition monitoring of wooden railway sleepers applications are generallycarried out by visual inspection and if necessary some impact acoustic examination iscarried out intuitively by skilled personnel. In this work, a pattern recognition solutionhas been proposed to automate the process for the achievement of robust results. Thestudy presents a comparison of several pattern recognition techniques together withvarious nonstationary feature extraction techniques for classification of impactacoustic emissions. Pattern classifiers such as multilayer perceptron, learning cectorquantization and gaussian mixture models, are combined with nonstationary featureextraction techniques such as Short Time Fourier Transform, Continuous WaveletTransform, Discrete Wavelet Transform and Wigner-Ville Distribution. Due to thepresence of several different feature extraction and classification technqies, datafusion has been investigated. Data fusion in the current case has mainly beeninvestigated on two levels, feature level and classifier level respectively. Fusion at thefeature level demonstrated best results with an overall accuracy of 82% whencompared to the human operator.

Uso da função de transferência em problemas de condução do calor com a lei de Fourier modificada

Este trabalho visa o uso da função de transferência, a qual relaciona distribuição de temperatura e fluxo de calor, na comparação no domínio freqüência, entre o modelo de difusão usual (parabólico) e um modelo ondulatório (hiperbólico) que inclue o efeito de propagação do calor não instantâneo, sendo avaliados os casos de meio semi-infinito e finito. Para o caso de meio semi-infinito, são determinadas as expressões para as características de amplitude e de fase, considerando tanto a abordagem parabólica quanto hiperbólica. É observada a relação entre estas duas abordagens, mostrando que a abordagem parabólica é uma caso particular da abordagem hiperbólica, podendo ser obtida através de um processo de limite envolvendo o tempo de relaxação r . Para o caso de meio finito, são determinadas as expressões para as caracteríısticas de amplitude de ambas as faces da placa unidimensional, considerando tanto a abordagem parabólica quanto hiperbólica. Estas expressões são transformadas para a forma adimensional quando então são deduzidas as expressões correspondentes das características de amplitude. Mais uma vez, todos os resultados para o caso parabólico podem ser determinados a partir dos resultados do caso hiperbólico, através de um processo de limite envolvendo o tempo de relaxação r São apresentados resultados numéricos referentes às características de amplitude, onde é apontada a existência de uma freqüência limite, acima da qual a diferença entre os dois modelos, do tipo parabólico ou hiperbólico, aumenta rapidamente. Também é apresentada uma forma alternativa de cálculo da distribuição de temperatura transiente que faz uso da função de transferência do sistema.

Aplicação de Séries de Fourier para análise de retornos de ativos financeiros

As Séries de Fourier permitiram o advento de tecnologias aplicadas em diversas áreas do conhecimento ao proporcionar uma melhor compreensão do comportamento de séries de dados, decompondo-as em diversas harmônicas independentes. Poucos estudos foram encontrados aplicando tal ferramenta matemática para analisar séries de retornos de títulos financeiros. Este trabalho pesquisou - através de análise discreta de Fourier – o comportamento dos retornos de quatro ativos: Dow Jones, Ibovespa, e duas ações da Bolsa brasileira. Cotações mensais, diárias e de dez minutos (intraday) foram utilizadas. Além do espectro estático, registrou-se também a dinâmica dos coeficientes das harmônicas de Fourier. Os resultados indicaram a validade da forma fraca de eficiência de mercado para o curto prazo, dado que as harmônicas de período curto apresentaram comportamento aleatório. Por outro lado, o comportamento das harmônicas de longo prazo (período longo) apresentou maior correlação serial, sugerindo que no longo prazo o mercado não se comporta de acordo com o modelo Random Walk. Uma aplicação derivada deste estudo é a determinação do número de fatores necessários para uma modelagem via Precificação por Arbitragem (APT), dado um nível de correlação desejado.

Um estudo sobre a transformada rápida de Fourier e aplicações

Este trabalho é uma síntese da transformada de Fourier na forma discreta e uma de suas principais aplicações à computação gráfica, a restauração de imagens corrompidas por movimento, seja do aparelho óptico ou da própria imagem.

Discrete public goods with incomplete information

We analyze simultaneous discrete public good games wi.th incomplete information and continuous contributions. To use the terminology of Admati and Perry (1991). we consider comribution and subscription games. In the former. comrioutions are :1ot rcfunded if the project is not completed. while in thp. iatter they are. For the special case whp.re provision by a single player is possible we show the existence of an equilibrium in Doth cootribution and subscription games where a player decides to provide the good by himself. For the case where is not feasible for a single player to provide the good by himself, we show that any equilibriwn of both games is inefficient. WE also provide a sufficient condition for "contributing zero" to be the unique equilibrium of the contribution garoe with n players and characterize e

Discrete public goods with incomplete information

We analyze simultaneous discrete public good games with incomplete information and continuous contributions. To use the tenninology of Admati and Perry (1991), we consider contribution and subscription games. In the former, contributions are not refunded ifthe project is not completed, while in the latter they are. For the special case where provision by a single player is possible we show the existence of an equihbrium in both contnbution and subscription games where a player decides to provide the good by himself. For the case where is not feasible for a single player to provide the good by himself: we show that there exist equilibria of the subscription game where each participant pays the same amount. Moreover, using the technical apparatus from Myerson (1981) we show that neither the subscription nor the contribution games admit ex-post eÁ cient equibbria. hl addition. we provide a suÁ cient condition for êontributing zero 'to be the unique equihbrium of the contnbution game with n players.

Practice location of physicians: a discrete choice model approach

Economists and policymakers have long been concerned with increasing the supply of health professionals in rural and remote areas. This work seeks to understand which factors influence physicians’ choice of practice location right after completing residency. Differently from previous papers, we analyse the Brazilian missalocation and assess the particularities of developing countries. We use a discrete choice model approach with a multinomial logit specification. Two rich databases are employed containing the location and wage of formally employed physicians as well as details from their post-graduation. Our main findings are that amenities matter, physicians have a strong tendency to remain in the region they completed residency and salaries are significant in the choice of urban, but not rural, communities. We conjecture this is due to attachments built during training and infrastructure concerns.

Bounds on policy relevant parameters with discrete policy variation

When estimating policy parameters, also known as treatment effects, the assignment to treatment mechanism almost always causes endogeneity and thus bias many of these policy parameters estimates. Additionally, heterogeneity in program impacts is more likely to be the norm than the exception for most social programs. In situations where these issues are present, the Marginal Treatment Effect (MTE) parameter estimation makes use of an instrument to avoid assignment bias and simultaneously to account for heterogeneous effects throughout individuals. Although this parameter is point identified in the literature, the assumptions required for identification may be strong. Given that, we use weaker assumptions in order to partially identify the MTE, i.e. to stablish a methodology for MTE bounds estimation, implementing it computationally and showing results from Monte Carlo simulations. The partial identification we perfom requires the MTE to be a monotone function over the propensity score, which is a reasonable assumption on several economics' examples, and the simulation results shows it is possible to get informative even in restricted cases where point identification is lost. Additionally, in situations where estimated bounds are not informative and the traditional point identification is lost, we suggest a more generic method to point estimate MTE using the Moore-Penrose Pseudo-Invese Matrix, achieving better results than traditional methods.

Compressão auto-adaptativa de imagens coloridas

Image compress consists in represent by small amount of data, without loss a visual quality. Data compression is important when large images are used, for example satellite image. Full color digital images typically use 24 bits to specify the color of each pixel of the Images with 8 bits for each of the primary components, red, green and blue (RGB). Compress an image with three or more bands (multispectral) is fundamental to reduce the transmission time, process time and record time. Because many applications need images, that compression image data is important: medical image, satellite image, sensor etc. In this work a new compression color images method is proposed. This method is based in measure of information of each band. This technique is called by Self-Adaptive Compression (S.A.C.) and each band of image is compressed with a different threshold, for preserve information with better result. SAC do a large compression in large redundancy bands, that is, lower information and soft compression to bands with bigger amount of information. Two image transforms are used in this technique: Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Primary step is convert data to new bands without relationship, with PCA. Later Apply DCT in each band. Data Loss is doing when a threshold discarding any coefficients. This threshold is calculated with two elements: PCA result and a parameter user. Parameters user define a compression tax. The system produce three different thresholds, one to each band of image, that is proportional of amount information. For image reconstruction is realized DCT and PCA inverse. SAC was compared with JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group) standard and YIQ compression and better results are obtain, in MSE (Mean Square Root). Tests shown that SAC has better quality in hard compressions. With two advantages: (a) like is adaptive is sensible to image type, that is, presents good results to divers images kinds (synthetic, landscapes, people etc., and, (b) it need only one parameters user, that is, just letter human intervention is required

Sparse 1D discrete Dirac operators I: Quantum transport

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Sparse one-dimensional discrete Dirac operators II: Spectral properties

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

A modified Primal-Dual Logarithmic-Barrier Method for solving the Optimal Power Flow problem with discrete and continuous control variables

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Continuous-time and discrete-time sliding mode control accomplished using a computer

A computer-based sliding mode control (SMC) is analysed. The control law is accomplished using a computer and A/D and D/A converters. Two SMC designs are presented. The first one is a continuous-time conventional SMC design, with a variable structure law, which does not take into consideration the sampling period. The second one is a discrete-time SMC design, with a smooth sliding law, which does not have a structure variable and takes into consideration the sampling period. Both techniques are applied to control an inverted pendulum system. The performance of both the continuous-time and discrete-time controllers are compared. Simulations and experimental results are shown and the effectiveness of the proposed techniques is analysed.