Infância, família e escola: análise dos significados da Infância e dos Direitos da Criança

This study aimed at analyzing the meanings of Children and Child Rights awarded by the kindergarten children and their educators, parents and teacher. Interest in the subject arose from the participation of the University Extension Project, conducted at the Department of Education, UNESP, Bauru, called The Rights of the Child: ECA in school. Since then, the question arose: to what extent we have visibility of meanings that educators and the child has on the Rights of the Child relating to the specifics of childhood? The research followed the tenets of qualitative research, methodological procedures and adopting the observation in a classroom from kindergarten (K II), semi-structured interview through leisure moments, with the class of aged five years and a questionnaire for family and teacher. The research adopted as reference material, studies of the area of Sociology of Childhood, History of Childhood, Public Policy, Legislation Related to the theme, and an overview of psychogenic to talk about the morality of children. The results showed that parents and caregivers understand childhood as a stage of child development, marked by jokes and fancies, in which the family and the school has an important role in this process. In what concerns the children's rights, there are contradictions in the legal aspects and the situation of children today. The results showed that children's childhood is characterized by recreational activities, and adults are responsible for caring for them. And it comes on the Rights of the Child noted that there is a confusion between rights and duties because they are in a phase of moral heteronomy. The findings indicate the need for wide dissemination on the Statute of Children and Adolescents, especially in preschools in line with families to practice it a new look at childhood, conceiving children as subjects... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Doenças relacionadas ao trabalho e sua relação com diferentes tipos de personalidade

Com a revolução industrial e tecnológica, o trabalho braçal foi e vem sendo substituído por máquinas e equipamentos eletrônicos, na intenção de poupar o ser humano e diminuir gastos e despesas com salários e aumento da produtividade. Devido a esses fatores, o trabalho tornou-se repetitivo, o que possibilitou o aparecimento de doenças como a L.E.R./D.O.R.T.. Esse contexto despertou o interesse na realização desta pesquisa, cujo objetivo é relacionar essas patologias e suas incidências à personalidade das pessoas através de um sistema denominado Eneagrama. Por meio de uma revisão de literatura nas áreas de Ginástica Laboral, L.E.R./D.O.R.T. e Eneagrama, foi possível obter informações que levou à analisar que os Tipos do Eneagrama 1 (Perfeccionista), 3 (Bem Sucedido), 8(Confrontador) e 9 (Preservacionista), apresentam alta probabilidade de incidência de L.E.R./D.O.R.T.. Os Tipos 4 (Romântico), 5 (Observador), 6 (Questionador) e 7 (Sonhador), apresentam baixa probabilidade de incidência. Enquanto que o Tipo 2 (Prestativo) é neutro quanto ao resultado. Concluindo assim, que o aparecimento dessas doenças pode estar relacionado a um ou mais tipos específicos de personalidade, e que aplicando esse sistema nas empresas, acompanhado da realização da Ginástica Laboral, podemos contribuir na diminuição de casos como esses.

Educação em direitos humanos: cidadania ou emancipação humana?

This study aims to identify the horizon of emancipation in Human Rights Education, using the philosophy of praxis as a theoretical framework, basing on authors as Tonet, Losurdo, Marx, and Saviani and Duarte, taking as a privileged locus analysis of the Plan National Human Rights Education (PNEDH, 2007). The discussion about the historical development of the movement of the struggles for human rights was a starting point to indicate how, in general, these struggles have been developing since the context of bourgeois revolutions. From there we tried to discuss how the prospect of citizenship has been treated within the Rights Education, the latter being a reflection of social movements' struggles for rights from the year 1980. Situating this movement within a larger movement on the issue of education in Brazil in the twentieth century, we tried to discuss the flags such as citizenship, the strengthening of civil society and creating a culture of rights as a goal of emancipation. Seeking to differentiate between citizenship as political emancipation and human emancipation, was placed the imperative to take the citizenship as a mediator and not as an endpoint in order to equip a culture of struggle for a classless society without exploitation of man by man

A política externa em direitos humanos no governo Lula (2003-2010)

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Os impactos da escravidão moderna na Região Amazônica Brasileira em relação à economia, à sociedade e aos direitos humanos, com ênfase na atividade econômica pecuária (2003-2010)

Este trabalho visa definir o conceito de escravidão moderna como as condições análogas ao trabalho escravo e como este afeta a vida de milhares de cidadãos brasileiros na vasta região amazônica. Serão apresentados dados de organizações mundiais sobre o trabalho escravo moderno, estudos brasileiros que corroboram a argumentação de que existem milhares de pessoas na Amazônia que são escravizadas e que estão em condições degradantes de vida nas mais diversas atividades econômicas. Focar-se-á na atividade de criação bovina, pois, além de ser muito difícil analisar todas as atividades econômicas com a devida importância que cada uma merece, a atividade em estudo é a que mais emprega mão-de-obra escrava atualmente na região Amazônica

A violação dos direitos fundamentais na sociedade técnica

Características da técnica moderna -- O direito à vida perante aos avanços da técnica -- O direito à saúde na sociedade técnica -- O direito ao meio ambiente ecologicamente equilibrado -- A restrição da liberdade e a violação da privacidade e da intimidade pelo devassamento de bancos de dados.

Reflexões sobre a possibilidade de uma tutela penal internacional dos direitos humanos sobre as pesquisas científicas com seres humanos

Marchetto Patrícia BorbaNa sociedade contemporânea, além da esfera pública de poder, possuímos uma esfera privada de poder, na qual se encontra grandes empresas multinacionais. Esses novos “detentores do Poder” são particulares, grupos ou pessoas, que se tornaram de certa forma desproporcionais socialmente em relação ao restante da sociedade. Neste patamar se encontram as grandes indústrias farmacêuticas, as quais além de possuírem uma função de suma importância para a sociedade mundial concentram grande poder econômico, social e até mesmo político. Desta forma, observa-se a existência de uma responsabilidade social das indústrias farmacêuticas vinculada com a necessidade de respeitar certas diretrizes incluídas na temática da bioética, já que trabalham com a ciência estritamente relacionada com a saúde e a vida da pessoa humana, e dos Direitos Humanos em geral. No entanto, tais indústrias por vezes acabam praticando ações que desrespeitam tais preceitos, como a realização de pesquisas científicas com seres humanos sem respeito as normas que tutelam a matéria e gerando verdadeira lesão aos Direitos Humanos, causando um verdadeiro terror científico. Esta relação tirana de poder que as grandes indústrias farmacêuticas impõe perante a sociedade deve ser tutelada pelo Direito Penal, sobretudo, para além dos limites dos Estados em que ocorrem as condutas, buscando uma tutela penal internacional. Desta forma, o presente trabalho pretende demonstrar a importância da existência de uma tutela internacional, com a possível utilização do Tribunal Penal Internacional e o enquadramento de tais condutas como crimes contra a Humanidade.

Psicologia, política e direitos humanos: ambiguidades e contradições

From a brief description of four different epistemological perspectives on human rights this article seeks to highlight the importance of critically discuss the history and the contradictions between these perspectives and the field of psychology both as science and professional practice. It is noteworthy that an ethical psychologist’s practice depends on a critical attitude towards science and human rights in its various interfaces.

Direitos humanos e reforma agrária

This paper focuses on the Agrarian Question and examines the emergence of human rights from a historical perspective. Great emphasis is placed on the right to life guaranteed by the State Constitutions of the Countries of the World that contained an elaborate Bill of Rights, providing strategies of territorial integration through agrarian reform, allowing landless to reside on and use land as a means to restore their dignity which they were assigned at birth, according to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, although their rights have been usurped in the trajectories of their lives by social disruptions and exclusion. From this perspective, the agrarian reform might be understood in a way that allows settlers and people who live in rural areas to argue that the political process should be concerned with ensuring them equal rights taking into account all aspects of urban and social space.

Etnicidade, conservação ambiental e direitos territoriais em áreas de incidência de programas de desenvolvimento social e sustentável

Ribeira Valley, a region covered by the last continues area of the Atlantic Rain Forest in São Paulo State, in Brazil, is thus a preservation law and environmental control target, is now configurated as locus where emerge conflicts concerning economic and agricultural activities, particularly in places where befall public policies recognizing territorial rights – quilombo remnants, indigenous lands and sustainable development settlings. The research’s aim is to understand, considering each of these contexts, if and how a conservationist focus is assumed as a value and a strategy, connected to etnicity and traditionality, in order to actualize these social spaces.

Direitos de propriedade e usos econômicos da terra:um estudo de caso de assentamentos de reforma agrária no sul do Pará

This article discusses the Brazilian land problem related to property rights of rural land. After emphasizing the importance of land policies in order to define and distribute rural land properties rights, we show how in Brazil the institutions of rural land registering and cadastering as separated processes debilitates the property rights, making them vulnerable to the effective occupying actions. In order to illustrate it, in this article we analyze Data based in a Case Study of conflict and property rights distributions in an important farming and mining region of southern Para state, in Brazil.

Canto em marcha: música folk e direitos civis nos Estados Unidos (1945-1960)

Pós-graduação em História - FCHS

Interlocuções entre Psicologia e Direitos Humanos: práticas interventoras

This intervention research was developed with adolescents of an establishment of care for children and adolescents considered at personal and social risk, in a city located in the state of São Paulo. The care practices found in the mentioned establishment are aimed at “prevention” of children and adolescents who could become offenders or future criminals, since they are selected from the poorest families in the outskirts of the city where the institution is located. Our psychological practice reported here, however, was conceived and put into practice from the discussion on Human Rights and Citizenship which aims to afirm what is considered deviation from the norm, opening spaces for the difference in relation to otherness and to the policy statement of these bodies in the urban setting within which they are inserted.

Direitos humanos e demandas escolares: problematizando a aproximação entre psicologia e conselho tutelar

This paper presents the main achievements in the field of children and youngsters social rights and provides some data on Brazilian education that show the discrepancy between the legal guidelines and the educational situation of children and youngsters within public schools. It presents a critical approach to the ways production and attendance of school problems have been interpreted and shows the dimension in which social facilities established to provide protection to children and adolescents have not been able to ensure a good quality schooling. It highlights the Guardian Council as addressee of school demands and stands out the urgency of debating the violation of fundamental rights such as the lack of quality in education, the repeated situations of failure, and dropping out experienced by a significant number of poor students. The analyzes developed point to the fragility of the relationship between school and Guardian Council revealing an institutional dynamic that individualize social issues. The analyzes developed also suggest the possibility of including Psychology mediation to school, family and Guardian Council. These aim to break the hegemony of the gaze individualizing approach that blame individual and / or family for school failures. This all present to professionals the urgenct for a critical attitude, based on theoretical and practical approaches able to research and propose critical interventions in order to overcome the production of educational exclusion.

A educação em Direitos Humanos nos projetos político-pedagógicos das escolas de São Paulo

The article presents data from a qualitative study that aimed to investigate the presence of aspects that integrate knowledge, values and practice of the Human Rights Education (HRE) in the political-pedagogical projects (PPPs) of public schools in the state of São Paulo. 15 documents were analyzed from criteria based on reference documents for HRE in Brazil. The criteria were organized into seven areas: internal and external community; principles and concepts of education; goals; curriculum; democratic participation and school environment; teacher training and evaluation. We sought to identify whether the HRE related elements were missing, or if they were just mentioned or stood out through propositional planned actions in PPPs. The data demonstrate that the contents directly related to HRE are absent from PPPs, some issues related to this type of education are weakly mentioned and there are some planned actions that promote rights. However, the intentional, systematic and conscious planning of HRE is not yet reflected in this document type.