Desenvolvimento de uma framework de argumentação Para apoio à tomada de decisão ubíqua

Os Sistemas de Apoio à Tomada de Decisão em Grupo (SADG) surgiram com o objetivo de apoiar um conjunto de decisores no processo de tomada de decisão. Uma das abordagens mais comuns na literatura para a implementação dos SADG é a utilização de Sistemas Multi-Agente (SMA). Os SMA permitem refletir com maior transparência o contexto real, tanto na representação que cada agente faz do decisor que representa como no formato de comunicação utilizado. Com o crescimento das organizações, atualmente vive-se uma viragem no conceito de tomada de decisão. Cada vez mais, devido a questões como: o estilo de vida, os mercados globais e o tipo de tecnologias disponíveis, faz sentido falar de decisão ubíqua. Isto significa que o decisor deverá poder utilizar o sistema a partir de qualquer local, a qualquer altura e através dos mais variados tipos de dispositivos eletrónicos tais como tablets, smartphones, etc. Neste trabalho é proposto um novo modelo de argumentação, adaptado ao contexto da tomada de decisão ubíqua para ser utilizado por um SMA na resolução de problemas multi-critério. É assumido que cada agente poderá utilizar um estilo de comportamento que afeta o modo como esse agente interage com outros agentes em situações de conflito. Sendo assim, pretende-se estudar o impacto da utilização de estilos de comportamento ao longo do processo da tomada de decisão e perceber se os agentes modelados com estilos de comportamento conseguem atingir o consenso mais facilmente quando comparados com agentes que não apresentam nenhum estilo de comportamento. Pretende-se ainda estudar se o número de argumentos trocados entre os agentes é proporcional ao nível de consenso final após o processo de tomada de decisão. De forma a poder estudar as hipóteses de investigação desenvolveu-se um protótipo de um SADG, utilizando um SMA. Desenvolveu-se ainda uma framework de argumentação que foi adaptada ao protótipo desenvolvido. Os resultados obtidos permitiram validar as hipóteses definidas neste trabalho tendo-se concluído que os agentes modelados com estilos de comportamento conseguem na maioria das vezes atingir um consenso mais facilmente comparado com agentes que não apresentam nenhum estilo de comportamento e que o número de argumentos trocados entre os agentes durante o processo de tomada de decisão não é proporcional ao nível de consenso final.

Sporothrix schenckii COMPLEX: SUSCEPTIBILITIES TO COMBINED ANTIFUNGAL AGENTS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ENZYMATIC PROFILES

SUMMARY Sporothrix schenckiiwas reclassified as a complex encompassing six cryptic species, which calls for the reassessment of clinical and epidemiological data of these new species. We evaluated the susceptibility of Sporothrix albicans (n = 1) , S. brasiliensis (n = 6) , S. globosa (n = 1), S. mexicana(n = 1) and S. schenckii(n = 36) to terbinafine (TRB) alone and in combination with itraconazole (ITZ), ketoconazole (KTZ), and voriconazole (VRZ) by a checkerboard microdilution method and determined the enzymatic profile of these species with the API-ZYM kit. Most interactions were additive (27.5%, 32.5% and 5%) or indifferent (70%, 50% and 52.5%) for TRB+KTZ, TRB+ITZ and TRB+VRZ, respectively. Antagonisms were observed in 42.5% of isolates for the TRB+VRZ combination. Based on enzymatic profiling, the Sporothrix schenckii strains were categorized into 14 biotypes. Leucine arylamidase (LA) activity was observed only for S. albicans and S. mexicana. The species S. globosaand S. mexicanawere the only species without β-glucosidase (GS) activity. Our results may contribute to a better understanding of virulence and resistance among species of the genus Sporothrixin further studies.

Impacts of climate change scenarios on terrestrial productivity and biomass for energy in the Iberian Peninsula: assessment through the JSBACH model

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia do Ambiente, Perfil de Gestão e Sistemas Ambientais

The avirulence of the cultivated Y strain of Trypanosoma cruzi: IV. The effect of immunosuppressive agents in mice

Drogas imunossupressoras (Azathioprina e Methotrexato) que se mostraram capazes de agravar infecções experimentais por Trypanosoma cruzi virulento (cepa Y), em camundongos, não conseguiram favorecer o aparecimento de qualquer sinal de infecção em animais vacinados com a cepa avirulenta PF do mesmo tripanosoma. Vinblastine, quando dado 3 dias antes da vacina, não favoreceu parasitemias positivas nem mortalidade significativamente aumentada, mas induziu o aparecimento de hemoculturas positivas. Os tripanosomas dessas culturas foram incapazes de infectar camundongos jovens. Quando o Vinblastine foi usado 15 dias após a vacinação dos animais, todos os testes foram negativos, inclusive as hemoculturas

Urban land use and land cover change analysis and modeling a case study area Malatya, Turkey

Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Geospatial Technologies.

Spatio-temporal analyses of the relationship between armed conflict and climate change in the eastern Africa

Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Geospatial Technologies.

The Use of Statins in People at Risk of Developing Diabetes Mellitus: Evidence and Guidance for Clinical Practice

Reducing low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels using statins is associated with significant reductions in cardiovascular (CV) events in a wide range of patient populations. Although statins are generally considered to be safe, recent studies suggest they are associated with an increased risk of developing Type 2 diabetes (T2D). This led the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to change their labelling requirements for statins to include a warning about the possibility of increased blood sugar and HbA1c levels and the European Medicines Agency (EMA) to issue guidance on a small increased risk of T2D with the statin class. This review examines the evidence leading to these claims and provides practical guidance for primary care physicians on the use of statins in people with or at risk of developing T2D. Overall, evidence suggests that the benefits of statins for the reduction of CV risk far outweigh the risk of developing T2D, especially in individuals with higher CV risk. To reduce the risk of developing T2D, physicians should assess all patients for T2D risk prior to starting statin therapy, educate patients about their risks, and encourage risk-reduction through lifestyle changes. Whether some statins are more diabetogenic than others requires further study. Statin-treated patients at high risk of developing T2D should regularly be monitored for changes in blood glucose or HbA1c levels, and the risk of conversion from pre-diabetes to T2D should be reduced by intensifying lifestyle changes. Should a patient develop T2D during statin treatment, physicians should continue with statin therapy and manage T2D in accordance with relevant national guidelines.

Detecting and evaluating land cover change in the eastern half of East Timor (1972-2011)

Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Geospatial Technologies.

Assessing the impacts of land use and land cover change on hydrology of watershed: a case study on Gigel-Abbay Watershed, Lake Tana Basin, Ethiopia

Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Geospatial Technologies.

Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 Resistance and Cross-Decreased Susceptibility to Oseltamivir and Zanamivir Antiviral Drugs

Neuraminidase inhibitors (NAIs) oseltamivir and zanamivir are currently the only effective antiviral drugs available worldwide for the management of influenza. The potential development of resistance is continually threatening their use, rationalizing and highlighting the need for a close and sustained evaluation of virus susceptibility. This study aimed to analyze and characterize the phenotypic and genotypic NAIs susceptibility profiles of A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses circulating in Portugal from 2009 to 2010/2011. A total of 144 cases of A(H1N1)pdm09 virus infection from community and hospitalized patients were studied, including three suspected cases of clinical resistance to oseltamivir. Oseltamivir resistance was confirmed for two of the suspected cases. Neuraminidase (NA) H275Y resistant marker was found in viruses from both cases but for one it was only present in 26.2% of virus population, raising questions about the minimal percentage of resistant virus that should be considered relevant. Cross-decreased susceptibility to oseltamivir and zanamivir (2-4 IC50 fold-change) was detected on viruses from two potentially linked community patients from 2009. Both viruses harbored the NA I223V mutation. NA Y155H mutation was found in 18 statistical non-outlier viruses from 2009, having no impact on virus susceptibility. The mutations at NA N369K and V241I may have contributed to the significantly higher baseline IC50 value obtained to oseltamivir for 2010/2011 viruses, compared to viruses from the pandemic period. These results may contribute to a better understanding of the relationship between phenotype and genotype, which is currently challenging, and to the global assessment of A(H1N1)pdm09 virus susceptibility profile and baseline level to NAIs.

The human side of change: Qualitative research on a public sector hospital merger

A Work Project, presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in Management from the NOVA – School of Business and Economics

Testing for volatility persistence change: The effect of the credit crisis on the Portuguese banks

A Work Project, presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in Finance from the NOVA – School of Business and Economics

Hope, change, and the financial markets: Can Obama's public speeches drive the U.S. Stock Market

A Work Project, presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in Economics from the NOVA – School of Business and Economics

Product communication strategies: Emotional versus rational communication strategies and attitude change on children consumers

A Work Project, presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in Management from the NOVA – School of Business and Economics