Nutritional modulation of innate immune parameters in the epidermal mucus of Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis)=Influência da dieta nos parâmetros da resposta imunitária inata do muco de linguado (Solea senegalensis)

Dissertação mest., Biologia Marinha, Universidade do Algarve, 2008

Development of chitosan packaging films with carvacrol and grape seed extract as antimicrobial and antioxidant agents

In order to produce packaging films with a broad spectrum of action on microorganisms, the effect of two antimicrobial (AM) to be included in the films, carvacrol and GSE were studied separately on different microorganisms. Carvacrol was more effective against the grampositive bacteria than against the gram-negative bacterium. GSE was not effective against yeast. Subsequently, a search for optimal combinations of carvacrol, GSE and the addition of chitosan (as a third component with film forming properties) was carried out. Response surface analysis showed several synergetic effects and three optimal AM combinations (OAMC) were obtained for each microorganism. The experimental validation confirmed that the optimal solutions found can successfully predict the response for each microorganism. The optimization of mixtures of the three components, but this time, using the same concentration for all microorganisms, was also studied to obtain an OAMC with wide spectrum of activity. The results of the response surface analysis showed several synergistic effects for all microorganisms. Three OAMC, OAMC-1, OAMC-2, OAMC-3, were found to be the optimal mixtures for all microorganisms. The radical scavenging activity (RSA) of the different agents was then compared with a standard antioxidant (AOX) BHT, at different concentrations; as also at the OAMC. The RSA increased in the following order: chitosan

Antimicrobial activity of essential oils isolated from Portuguese endemic species of Thymus

Aims: Thymus species are wild species mostly found in the arid lands of Portugal. Possible antimicrobial properties of Thymus essential oils have been investigated. The chemical composition of the essential oils and the antimicrobial activity of Thymus mastichina (L) L. subsp. mastichina , T. camphoratus and T. lotocephalus from different regions of Portugal were analysed. Methods and Results: Hydrodistillation was used to isolate the essential oils and the chemical analyses were performed by gas chromatography (GC) and GC coupled to mass spectrometry. The antimicrobial activity was tested by the disc agar diffusion technique against Candida albicans , Escherichia coli , Listeria monocytogenes , Proteus mirabilis , Salmonella spp. and Staphylococcus aureus . Pure linalool, 1,8-cineole and a mixture (1:1) of these compounds were included. Linalool, 1,8-cineole or linalool/1,8-cineole and linalool/1,8-cineole/linalyl acetate were the major components of the essential oils, depending on the species or sampling place. The essential oils isolated from the Thymus species studied demonstrated antimicrobial activity but the micro-organisms tested had significantly different sensitivities. Conclusions: The antimicrobial activity of essential oils may be related to more than one component. Significance and Impact of the Study: Portuguese endemic species of Thymus can be used for essential oil production for food spoilage control, cosmetics and pharmaceutical use. Further studies will be required to elucidate the cell targets of the essential oil components.

Bacterial peroxide forming enzymes

Dissertação de mestrado, Engenharia Biológica, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve; Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2015

Développement d’une matrice prébiotique pour l’encapsulation des probiotiques bactériocinogènes, destinée à l’alimentation animale - de la physicochimie à la biopharmacie

L’antibiorésistance est un problème de santé publique majeur, causé principalement par l’usage abusif d’antibiotiques dans les élevages. Les probiotiques sont une alternative potentielle aux antibiotiques. Cependant, acheminer ces microorganismes vivants et fonctionnels jusqu’au côlon est un grand défi, à cause du pH et des sels biliaires à affronter lors du passage gastro-intestinal. L’objectif de ce travail était de développer une matrice prébiotique capable de maintenir la survie et l’activité des probiotiques pendant le transit gastro-intestinal et de permettre leur libération dans le côlon. Pour atteindre cet objectif, cinq types de matrices sphériques (A, AI5, AI10, AI15, AI20) à base d’inuline (0 %, 5 %, 10 %, 15 % et 20 %) et d’alginate (2 %) ont été préparés par la méthode d’extrusion/gélification ionotropique. Trois souches probiotiques ont été utilisées au cours du développement des billes : Pediococcus acidilactici UL5 (UL5), Lactobacillus reuteri (LR) et Lactobacillus salivarius (LS). Dans un premier temps, toutes les formulations ont été caractérisées d’un point de vue physicochimique et microbiologique. Ces analyses ont permis de révéler une distribution homogène de l’inuline et de l’alginate au sein des matrices et ont démontré que la viabilité et la capacité antimicrobienne des souches utilisées n’étaient pas affectées par l’encapsulation. À la lumière de ces résultats, trois formulations A, AI5 et AI20 ont été sélectionnées pour la suite de l’étude. Dans un deuxième temps, la mucoadhésion et le comportement des billes A, AI5 et AI20 ont été étudiés dans les parties supérieures du tractus gastro-intestinal. Ces études ont démontré que la présence de l’inuline améliore les propriétés mucoadhésives des billes. Elles ont également établi que seule la formulation AI5 résiste jusqu’à la fin de la digestion. Ce comportement est expliqué en partie par l’interaction alginate-inuline décelée par spectroscopie infrarouge à transformée de Fourier (FTIR). Cette interaction était stable pour les billes AI5 au pH 6,8 mais instable pour la formulation AI20. Enfin, le comportement et la dynamique bactérienne de la formulation AI5 dans les milieux coliques fermenté et non fermenté ont été étudiés. Cette étude a révélé que les billes AI5 se dégradent et libèrent la totalité des bactéries après environ 4 heures d’incubation dans le milieu fermenté. Cette dégradation est due aux enzymes très abondantes dans ce milieu. En conclusion, la formulation AI5 s’est avérée être un très bon véhicule pour protéger les bactéries dans les parties supérieures du tube digestif et favoriser leur libération dans le côlon. Elle pourrait donc, être utilisée pour une application en alimentation animale.

Lancefield group C and G streptococci in human infection : molecular typing, virulence and antimicrobial susceptibility

Tese de doutoramento, Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde (Microbiologia), Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina, 2014

Molecular and biotechnological approaches to essential oils production in thymus caespititius

Tese de doutoramento, Biologia (Biotecnologia), Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências, 2014

Antimicrobial activity of essential oils against multiresistant aeromonads and enterococci

Tese de mestrado. Biologia (Microbiologia Aplicada). Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências, 2014

Development of user-friendly, high throughput screening for ligands and inhibitors of carbohydrate modifying enzymes

This paper describes the impact of cloud computing and the use of GPUs on the performance of Autodock and Gromacs respectively. Cloud computing was applicable to reducing the ‘‘tail’’ seen in running Autodock on desktop grids and the GPU version of Gromacs showed significant improvement over the CPU version. A large (200,000 compounds) library of small molecules, seven sialic acid analogues of the putative substrate and 8000 sugar molecules were converted into pdbqt format and used to interrogate the Trichomonas vaginalis neuraminidase using Autodock Vina. Good binding energy was noted for some of the small molecules (~-9 kcal/mol), but the sugars bound with affinity of less than -7.6 kcal/mol. The screening of the sugar library resulted in a ‘‘top hit’’ with a-2,3-sialyllacto-N-fucopentaose III, a derivative of the sialyl Lewisx structure and a known substrate of the enzyme. Indeed in the top 100 hits 8 were related to this structure. A comparison of Autodock Vina and Autodock 4.2 was made for the high affinity small molecules and in some cases the results were superimposable whereas in others, the match was less good. The validation of this work will require extensive ‘‘wet lab’’ work to determine the utility of the workflow in the prediction of potential enzyme inhibitors.

Antimicrobial activity of quinoxaline 1,4-dioxide and three derivatives

O presente trabalho descreve o estudo da actividad e antimicrobiana de quarto derivados da quinoxalina N,N-dióxido: quinoxalina 1,4-dióxido, 2-metilquinoxalina 1,4- dióxido, 6-cloro-2,3-dimetilquinoxalina 1,4-dióxido e 3-benzoil-2-metilquinoxalina 1,4- dióxido contra as estirpes bacterianas Geobacillus stearothermophilus ATCC 10149, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Escherichia coli HB101, Escherichia coli (blaTEM, blaCTX-M) e Salmonella (blaCTX-M), assim como contra a estirpe de levedura Saccharomyces cerevisiae PYCC 4072. A determinação da concentração mínima inibitória (MIC) foi realizada pelo método de diluição. Os valores de MIC’s foram estimados para cada composto e estirpe. Os resultados obtidos sugerem potenciais novas drogas para quimioterapia.

Functional and structural characterization of the RNase II-family of enzymes

Dissertation presented to obtain a Doctoral Degree in Biology by Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa

Biological and Biochemical Characterization of Mutants of the RNase II family of enzymes

Dissertação para a obtenção de grau de doutor em Biologia pelo Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica. Universidade Nova de Lisboa.

Crystallographic studies on membrane and cytoplasmic enzymes

Dissertation presented to obtain the Ph.D degree in Biochemistry, Structural Biochemistry

Novel insights into the action of antimicrobial agents against human pathogens

Dissertation presented to obtain the Ph.D degree in Biochemistry