Protocolos para o uso combinado de monensina sódica e virginiamicina em dietas de bovinos Nelore confinados

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Energy sources in the supplementation of beef cattle grazing Brachiaria brizantha cv. Xaraés

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Produção e emissão de gases de efeito estufa de bovinos alimentados com teores de concentrado

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Biohidrogenação microbiana e o fluxo duodenal de ácidos graxos do rumen em novilhos de corte suplementados com fontes lipídicas em dietas contendo glicerina

Pós-graduação em Zootecnia - FCAV

Degradabilidade do amido de grãos secos e ensilados de híbridos de milho com textura dura e dentada em função do grau de moagem

This research evaluated corn grains with flint and dent texture (ensiled high-moisture or dried), submitted to grinding degrees, using the in situ ruminal degradation technique. Three rumen canulated adult sheeps were used in a complete randomized design, using a factorial outline 2 x 2 x 3, with two corn hybrids (flint and dent texture), two conservation methods (ensiled high-moisture and dry) and three grinding degress (whole, coarsely and finely ground, corresponding to the sieve of 12; 10 and 8 mm). Starch soluble fraction (A) of the dent hybrid ensiled corn grains was greater comparing to the dry materials and in both conservation forms this fraction was reduced in the flint texture hybrid, while the insoluble fraction potentially degradable (B) the opposite occurred. The degradation potential was higher in grains ensiled in two textures. The ensiled allowed more starch effective degradation in relation to dry grain in two textures and the grains dent texture hybrid also increased such degradation in both conservation methods. The dent texture and the ensiled high-moisture grains proved the best option considering the starch degradability. Regardless of the conservation forms, the grains of corn hybrid flint texture should be finely ground, for providing higher ruminal degradation, while for the dent texture hybrid, the coarsely and whole grinding are the most suitable for ensiled and dry grain, respectively.

Degradabilidade de grãos secos e ensilados de sorgo com e sem tanino, submetidos à granulometrias

Due to its nutritional characteristics sorghum has been indicated as substitute cereal to corn and wheat. Besides, in Brazil sorghum is not used for human feeding unlike corn, witch reduces its costs in almost 20% in comparison to corn costs. This research was conducted at UNESP, in Botucatu and Jaboticabal Campus, São Paulo, Brazil, with the purpose to evaluate the grinding effect on two sorghum genotypes grain (with and without tannin) preserved dry or ensiled humid above the degradability in situ of the dry matter, crude protein and starch. Three rumen fistulated sheep were used, distributed in an experimental block design, at 2 x 2 x 3 factorial outline, with two sorghum genotypes (with and without tannin), two forms of conservation (dry grain and high moisture grains silage) and three grinding ways (undivided, thick grinding and fine grinding) and the time as sub-portion. According to the results the grinding is recommended to sorghum grains because it increases the ruminal and effective degradability of the dry matter, crude protein and starch. The presence of tannin in sorghum grain changed the degrability potential of crude protein and starch. The thick grinding in dry grain without tannin was the better treatment.

Degradabilidade da matéria seca e da proteína bruta de grãos secos e de silagens de grãos úmidos de híbridos de milho (Zea mays), submetidos a diferentes processamentos

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of processing two corn hybrids conserved, dry and humid grains, the dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) degradability in situ. The particle size was determined and difference was verified in MGD (Medium Geometric Diameter) of processed ingredients. Three sheep were used with rumen canulated, in a completely randomized design, using a factorial outline 2 x 2 x 3, being two corn hybrid, two conservation methods and three processing forms (whole, coarsely and finely ground), with five times of incubation (3, 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours). The fraction A in SDC (silage of dent corn) of DM was superior to GDC (grain of dent corn) in all of the particles size. The ensiling process increased the DM solubility, reducing the fraction B in comparison to dry grain. The values regarding the fractions DP and DE the 5% per hour of the protein, were larger for SDC and GDC, it presents a decreasing when the incubation time advances. The fermentation rate was superior for SDC and GDC. The ensiling process has positive effect in the decreasing of DM and CP in comparison to GDC.

Características clínicas, contribuintes e taxa de mortalidade no desenvolvimento da síndrome da infusão do propofol: meta-análise de série e relato de casos

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Levedura (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) na alimentação de vacas da raça Jersey

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Desempenho e parâmetros ósseos de bovinos nelore submetidos ou não à suplementação fosfórica durante o período de confinamento

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Parâmetros nutricionais e metabólicos de novilhos nelore recriados em pastos de diferentes alturas e doses de suplemento

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Interaction Between Roughages and Corn Milling Byproducts in Finishing Cattle Diets

During ethanol production, starch is the primary nutrient fermented and the remaining byproducts are excellent sources of fiber and protein. In addition, inclusion of byproducts in finishing diets may reduce the incidence of acidosis. As a result, roughage level and quality could potentially be reduced in finishing diets containing byproducts. Three experiments were conducted to examine the effects of roughage and wet corn gluten feed (WCGF) in finishing cattle diets containing corn distillers grains plus solubles. Cattle fed finishing diets containing wet distillers grains plus solubles (WDGS) with no roughage had decreased DMI and ADG compared to cattle fed roughage. Within roughage level, ADG was similar for cattle fed alfalfa hay, corn silage or corn stalks when included on an equal NDF basis. Apparent total tract digestibility of OM, NDF, and CP linearly decreased and ruminal pH variables increased linearly due to increasing roughage levels. Roughage sources can be exchanged on an equal NDF basis in beef finishing diets containing 30% WDGS (DM basis). In finishing diets containing modified distillers grains plus solubles (MDGS), DMI linearly increased due to increasing roughage levels but ADG responded quadratically and was lowest for cattle fed diets without roughage. There was also a quadratic response for DMI and ADG due to WCGF inclusion level. Gain:feed decreased linearly with increasing roughage and WCGF inclusion levels. Feeding 15% WCGF resulted in similar cattle performance and carcass traits to cattle fed no WCGF in diets containing 30% MDGS, but cattle fed diets with 60% total byproduct inclusion made up of 30% WCGF and 30% MDGS had reduced performance (DM basis). Additionally, reducing corn silage inclusion level to 7.5% resulted in similar finishing cattle performance and carcass traits to cattle fed 15% corn silage in diets containing 30% MDGS with or without inclusion of WCGF. Elimination of roughage in diets containing either WDGS or MDGS resulted in negative impacts on finishing cattle performance, ruminal metabolism, and carcass traits.

Probiotic caprine Coalho cheese naturally enriched in conjugated linoleic acid as a vehicle for Lactobacillus acidophilus and beneficial fatty acids

To obtain a probiotic caprine Coalho cheese naturally enriched in conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), goats' diet was supplemented with soybean oil to produce CLA-enhanced milk, and Lactobacillus acidophilus La5 was incorporated into cheeses. CLA concentration and probiotic viability were evaluated during 60 days. Four pilot-scale cheese-making trials were manufactured, in triplicates. Cheeses T1 and T2 were produced with control milk, and T3 and T4 with CLA-enhanced milk. L. acidophilus was added to cheeses T2 and T4 during processing. The CLA content (isomer C18:2 cis-9, trans-11) in T3 and T4 was 246% to 291% higher than in T1 and T2 (P < 0.01). Populations of L. acidophilus were around 7.5 log cfu g(-1) in T2 and T4 during the study, and the highest CLA content in T4 did not influence the probiotic viability (P > 0.01). The CLA-enriched probiotic caprine Coalho cheese obtained is proposed as a vehicle for beneficial microorganisms and fatty acids. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Acid-base and biochemical stabilization and quality of recovery in male cats with urethral obstruction and anesthetized with propofol or a combination of ketamine and diazepam

This study compared acid-base and biochemical changes and quality of recovery in male cats with experimentally induced urethral obstruction and anesthetized with either propofol or a combination of ketamine and diazepam for urethral catheterization. Ten male cats with urethral obstruction were enrolled for urethral catheterization and anesthetized with either ketamine-diazepam (KD) or propofol (P). Lactated Ringer's solution was administered by intravenous (IV) beginning 15 min before and continuing for 48 h after relief of urethral obstruction. Quality of recovery and time to standing were evaluated. The urethral catheter was maintained to measure urinary output. Hematocrit (Hct), total plasma protein (TPP), albumin, total protein (TP), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, pH, bicarbonate (HCO3-), chloride, base excess, anion gap, sodium, potassium, and partial pressure of carbon dioxide in mixed venous blood (pvCO(2)) were measured before urethral obstruction, at start of fluid therapy (0 h), and at subsequent intervals. The quality of recovery and time to standing were respectively 4 and 75 min in the KD group and 5 and 16 min in the P group. The blood urea nitrogen values were increased at 0, 2, and 8 h in both groups. Serum creatinine increased at 0 and 2 h in cats administered KD and at 0, 2, and 8 h in cats receiving P, although the values were above the reference range in both groups until 8 h. Acidosis occurred for up to 2 h in both groups. Acid-base and biochemical stabilization were similar in cats anesthetized with propofol or with ketamine-diazepam. Cats that received propofol recovered much faster, but the ketamine-diazepam combination was shown to be more advantageous when treating uncooperative cats as it can be administered by intramuscular (IM) injection.

A clinical and hemogasometric survey of neonatal lambs

In order to provide adequate medical assistance to neonates, the extent of vitality impairment has to be investigated through complementary exams, as well as clinical assessment. This investigation aimed to identify the physiological changes that occur during neonatal adaptation and to develop a clinical approach that can be performed during the first hour of life in neonatal lambs born through vaginal eutocic labor. The neonatal vitality of 14 Santa Ines lambs was verified using the Apgar system and rectal temperature at birth and after 5 and 60 min after birth. From the total number of neonates, 7 lambs were randomly selected for blood gas analysis and glucose immediately at birth and 1 h after birth. The lambs had hypoglycemia immediately after birth, as well as acidosis due to metabolic and respiratory causes. Given their hypoxemia at birth, lambs immediately exhibit tachycardia and tachypnea. However, neonatal lambs reached Apgar score superior than 7 after 5 min of birth. Ovine neonates are relatively mature at birth, with adequate thermoregulation and active mechanisms to compensate for physiological acid-base imbalances. In conclusion, a systematic clinical examination of newborn sheep should include the implementation of the Apgar score coupled with the confirmation of any acid-base imbalances. Further research should evaluate neonatal adaptation to this critical period over a longer period of time. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.