Implementation of DNA markers to produce genomically - Enhanced EPDs in nellore cattle

Background: The sequencing and publication of the cattle genome and the identification of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) molecular markers have provided new tools for animal genetic evaluation and genomic-enhanced selection. These new tools aim to increase the accuracy and scope of selection while decreasing generation interval. The objective of this study was to evaluate the enhancement of accuracy caused by the use of genomic information (Clarifide® - Pfizer) on genetic evaluation of Brazilian Nellore cattle. Review: The application of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) is recognized as one of the most practical approaches to modern genetic improvement. Genomic selection is perhaps most suited to the improvement of traits with low heritability in zebu cattle. The primary interest in livestock genomics has been to estimate the effects of all the markers on the chip, conduct cross-validation to determine accuracy, and apply the resulting information in GWAS either alone [9] or in combination with bull test and pedigree-based genetic evaluation data. The cost of SNP50K genotyping however limits the commercial application of GWAS based on all the SNPs on the chip. However, reasonable predictability and accuracy can be achieved in GWAS by using an assay that contains an optimally selected predictive subset of markers, as opposed to all the SNPs on the chip. The best way to integrate genomic information into genetic improvement programs is to have it included in traditional genetic evaluations. This approach combines traditional expected progeny differences based on phenotype and pedigree with the genomic breeding values based on the markers. Including the different sources of information into a multiple trait genetic evaluation model, for within breed dairy cattle selection, is working with excellent results. However, given the wide genetic diversity of zebu breeds, the high-density panel used for genomic selection in dairy cattle (Ilumina Bovine SNP50 array) appears insufficient for across-breed genomic predictions and selection in beef cattle. Today there is only one breed-specific targeted SNP panel and genomic predictions developed using animals across the entire population of the Nellore breed (www.pfizersaudeanimal.com), which enables genomically - enhanced selection. Genomic profiles are a way to enhance our current selection tools to achieve more accurate predictions for younger animals. Material and Methods: We analyzed the age at first calving (AFC), accumulated productivity (ACP), stayability (STAY) and heifer pregnancy at 30 months (HP30) in Nellore cattle fitting two different animal models; 1) a traditional single trait model, and 2) a two-trait model where the genomic breeding value or molecular value prediction (MVP) was included as a correlated trait. All mixed model analyses were performed using the statistical software ASREML 3.0. Results: Genetic correlation estimates between AFC, ACP, STAY, HP30 and respective MVPs ranged from 0.29 to 0.46. Results also showed an increase of 56%, 36%, 62% and 19% in estimated accuracy of AFC, ACP, STAY and HP30 when MVP information was included in the animal model. Conclusion: Depending upon the trait, integration of MVP information into genetic evaluation resulted in increased accuracy of 19% to 62% as compared to accuracy from traditional genetic evaluation. GE-EPD will be an effective tool to enable faster genetic improvement through more dependable selection of young animals.

Changes in the distribution of income and the New Economic Model in Jamaica

Includes bibliography

Computational tool to support design of DAC Converter model AD7528 with the object code in XML

Based on literature review, electronic systems design employ largely top-down methodology. The top-down methodology is vital for success in the synthesis and implementation of electronic systems. In this context, this paper presents a new computational tool, named BD2XML, to support electronic systems design. From a block diagram system of mixed-signal is generated object code in XML markup language. XML language is interesting because it has great flexibility and readability. The BD2XML was developed with object-oriented paradigm. It was used the AD7528 converter modeled in MATLAB / Simulink as a case study. The MATLAB / Simulink was chosen as a target due to its wide dissemination in academia and industry. From this case study it is possible to demonstrate the functionality of the BD2XML and make it a reflection on the design challenges. Therefore, an automatic tool for electronic systems design reduces the time and costs of the design.

A software development process model for gesture-based interface

Gesture-based applications have particularities, since users interact in a natural way, much as they interact in the non-digital world. Hence, new requirements are needed on the software design process. This paper shows a software development process model for these applications, including requirement specification, design, implementation, and testing procedures. The steps and activities of the proposed model were tested through a game case study, which is a puzzle game. The puzzle is completed when all pieces of a painting are correctly positioned by the drag and drop action of users hand gesture. It also shows the results obtained of applying a heuristic evaluation on this game. © 2012 IEEE.

A model for analysing data portal performance: The biodiversity case

Currently, many museums, botanic gardens and herbariums keep data of biological collections and using computational tools researchers digitalize and provide access to their data using data portals. The replication of databases in portals can be accomplished through the use of protocols and data schema. However, the implementation of this solution demands a large amount of time, concerning both the transfer of fragments of data and processing data within the portal. With the growth of data digitalization in institutions, this scenario tends to be increasingly exacerbated, making it hard to maintain the records updated on the portals. As an original contribution, this research proposes analysing the data replication process to evaluate the performance of portals. The Inter-American Biodiversity Information Network (IABIN) biodiversity data portal of pollinators was used as a study case, which supports both situations: conventional data replication of records of specimen occurrences and interactions between them. With the results of this research, it is possible to simulate a situation before its implementation, thus predicting the performance of replication operations. Additionally, these results may contribute to future improvements to this process, in order to decrease the time required to make the data available in portals. © Rinton Press.

Approximation of hyperbolic tangent activation function using hybrid methods

Artificial Neural Networks are widely used in various applications in engineering, as such solutions of nonlinear problems. The implementation of this technique in reconfigurable devices is a great challenge to researchers by several factors, such as floating point precision, nonlinear activation function, performance and area used in FPGA. The contribution of this work is the approximation of a nonlinear function used in ANN, the popular hyperbolic tangent activation function. The system architecture is composed of several scenarios that provide a tradeoff of performance, precision and area used in FPGA. The results are compared in different scenarios and with current literature on error analysis, area and system performance. © 2013 IEEE.

Desenvolvimento de um modelo fuzzy para otimização da energia gerada por um sistema híbrido (solar-fotovoltaico e eólico)

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Energia na Agricultura) - FCA

Formação inicial de professores de física: fatores limitantes e possibilidades de avanços

Pós-graduação em Educação para a Ciência - FC

Taxa de câmbio e estratégia de crescimento econômico de longo prazo da China

Pós-graduação em Economia - FCLAR

Desenvolvimento de uma metodologia para elaboração de modelos de predição dos níveis de ruído do campo acústico de usinas hidrelétricas

Pós-graduação em Engenharia Mecânica - FEIS

Estratégia do planejamento e otimização de sistemas sem fio, considerando redes interferentes: abordagem baseada em cross-layer

Apesar do aumento significativo do uso de redes locais sem fio (WLAN) nos últimos anos, aspectos de projeto e planejamento de capacidade da rede são ainda sistematicamente negligenciados durante a implementação da rede. Tipicamente um projeto de rede local sem fio é feito e instalado por profissionais de rede. Esses profissionais são extremamente experientes com redes cabeadas, mas são ainda geralmente pouco experientes com redes sem fio. Deste modo, as instalações de redes locais sem fio são desvantajosas pela falta de um modelo de avaliação de desempenho e para determinar a localização do ponto de acesso (PA), além disso, fatores importantes do ambiente não são considerados no projeto. Esses fatores se tornam mais importante quando muitos pontos de acesso (PAs) são instalados para cobrir um único edifício, algumas vezes sem planejamento de freqüência. Falhas como essa podem causar interferência entre células geradas pelo mesmo PA. Por essa razão, a rede não obterá os padrões de qualidade de serviço (QoS) exigidos por cada serviço. O presente trabalho apresenta uma proposta para planejamento de redes sem fio levando em consideração a influência da interferência com o auxílio de inteligência computacional tais como a utilização de redes Bayesianas. Uma extensiva campanha de medição foi feita para avaliar o desempenho de dois pontos de acesso (PAs) sobre um cenário multiusuário, com e sem interferência. Os dados dessa campanha de medição foram usados como entrada das redes Bayesianas e confirmaram a influência da interferência nos parâmetros de QoS. Uma implementação de algoritmo genético foi utilizado permitindo uma abordagem híbrida para planejamento de redes sem fio. Como efeito de comparação para otimizar os parâmetros de QoS, de modo a encontrar a melhor distância do PA ao receptor garantindo as recomendações do International Telecomunication Union (ITU-T), a técnica de otimização por enxame de partículas foi aplicada.

A model for the enhancement of autonomy

Este artigo apresenta um modelo para o fomento da autonomia dos aprendentes, mostra alguns resultados alcançados na aplicação desse modelo e discute desafios ainda a serem enfrentados. O modelo comporta a investigação de áreas problemáticas do processo individual de aprendizagem de cada sujeito, a identificação de seus estilos preferenciais de aprender, o uso de ferramentas tecnológicas para melhorar a autonomia na aprendizagem, o desenvolvimento de um leque maior de estratégias de aprendizagem de línguas e a implementação de rotinas de auto-monitoramento e auto-avaliação. Este modelo tem sido aplicado nos últimos três anos com alunos de Letras cursando Licenciaturas em Alemão, Francês ou Inglês. Três ordens de resultados emergem dos dados da pesquisa: primeiramente, o modelo provou sua eficácia em prover um andaime para a aprendizagem autônoma de línguas dos alunos; em segundo lugar, as experiências de aprendizagem autônoma vividas pelos futuros professores de línguas poderão ser espelhadas em suas vidas profissionais futuras com seus próprios alunos; finalmente, os dados emanados dos participantes da pesquisa podem lançar uma luz sobre a variedade de maneiras pelas quais as pessoas aprendem no contexto local.

The dynamic implementation of non-overt arguments in nominalizations

Valency is an inherent property of nominalizations representing higher-order entities, and as such it should be included in their underlying representation. On the basis of this assumption, I postulate that cases of non-overt arguments, which are very common in Brazilian Portuguese and in many other languages of the world, should be considered a special type of valency realization. This paper aims to give empirical support to this postulate by showing that non-overt arguments are both semantically and pragmatically motivated. The semantic and pragmatic motivations for non-overt arguments may be accounted for by the dynamic implementation of the FDG model. I argue that the way valency is realized by means of non-overt arguments suggests a strong parallelism between nominalizations and other types of non-finite embedded constructions – like infinitival and participial ones. By providing empirical evidence for this parallelism I arrive at the conclusion that there are at least three kinds of non-finite embedded constructions, rather than only two, as suggested by Dik (1997).

Chitosan/(ureasil-PEO hybrid) blend for drug delivery

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Some Results in Stability Analysis of Hybrid Dynamical Systems

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)