El urbanismo expansivo y la movilidad infantil en Cataluña

Los modelos de movilidad son una de las expresiones de las distintas formas urbanas. El urbanismo expansivo, como una de estas formas urbanas, está asociado a ciertos tipos de desplazamientos, relacionados a altos niveles de disfunciones sociales, económicas y medioambientales. La comunicación explora las tipologías de desplazamientos en un grupo ciudadano muy específico: los menores de 16 años. La población infantil tiene sus propias pautas de movilidad y estas están relacionadas, también, a las distintas formas urbanas. El análisis se basa en los datos que ofrece la Encuesta de Movilidad Cotidiana de Cataluña 2006 y de ella se analizan las grandes cifras para la comunidad catalana en conjunto. También se comparan los distintos subámbitos territoriales en relación a las características urbanas que estos presentan.

Periferias e subjetividades juvenis em Salvador/Bahia

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciênicas Sociais, Centro de Pesquisa e Pós-Graduação Sobre as Américas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Estudos Comparados, 2016.

Henrique Novaes: técnica, território e cidade em uma trajetória profissional: Brasil, primeira metade do século XX

The career of civil engineer Henrique de Novaes, a remarkable figure in the academic, technical and political fields, demonstrates its extensive and relevant work across Brazil in the first half of the twentieth century. It covered from the design of water supply and sewage works, road and rail transport networks, works against drought in the Northeast, hydroelectric and harbor facilities to the urbanization planning and architectural projects, which displays a systematic and multiple production. City and territory conformed to his fields of verification, practical and above all, transformation. The search for understanding of the inclusion of a social actor in this process thus contributes to the specific analysis of the doings of Henrique de Novaes, who graduated at Polytechnic School of Rio de Janeiro in 1906. From a polymorphic activity in different scales, one tries to figure how, through academic education or professional practice, urban history in Brazil can be told or built. The introduction of technological innovations matched the purposes of planning and urban sprawl, as well as met the specifications of regulation and institutionalization of public infrastructure services at the time. The overall plans proposed by the engineer thought of the city as a whole, interconnected to the structural networks. At the same time, the knowledge of a larger physical scale the territory bounces back in the urban in a relationship of reciprocity and completeness. The objective research, therefore, tries to understand the roles played by Henrique de Novaes s works and academic education in the accomplishment of systematic modernization of Brazilian urban space and territory, recovering a little known historical figure by current historiography. It is proposed, as methodological axis, that the study of this professional career configures itself as an essential element for understanding the idea of progress embodied in the technical studies and proposals for improvements and sanitation nationwide in the first half of the twentieth century . The primary sources for the construction of this analysis were technical articles in journals of the period ( Clube de Engenharia , Viação e Revista Brasileira de Engenharia ), and technical reports, government messages, newspaper articles published at the time, autobiographical reports and the engineer s verbal communications with relatives. The work is structured in three chapters: "Biographical traces, academic education and 'technical and political' activities" illustrates the initiation into the technical, public and political environment; Chapter 2, "Technique and territory" outlines his network understanding through sanitation and transport services; Chapter 3 "Technique and City" describes the influence of polytechnics knowledge on the propositions of modernization of cities; Finally, "Final Thoughts: An Evaluation," presents an overview of the affiliations and practice of an engineer in the different scales, and its contribution to the modernization of Brazilian urban and territorial space

Ronald Reagan Rain

RONALD REAGAN RAIN is a collection of poems that explore the wildness and terror lurking beneath the surface of contemporary suburban landscapes in a largely imagined America. Images of menacing policemen, bears, fast food restaurants, and dead film stars appear as substantive figures that embody loss and a preoccupation with aging, money woes, and a failed national confidence. Influenced by Russel Edson and Georg Trakl, poets whose work is characterized by Hermeticism and Expressionism, the poems in RONALD REAGAN RAIN suggest a similar dual need for autonomy and compromise in both highly charged poetic fragments and longer prose passages that examine issues of civil and personal estrangement as the outside world calls for constant introspection and reassessments of identity.

Selection and Passage of County Land Preservation Voter Referendum: The Role of Government

County jurisdictions in America are increasingly exercising self-government in the provision of public community services through the context of second order federalism. In states exercising this form of contemporary governance, county governments with “reformed” policy-making structures and professional management practices, have begun to rival or surpass municipalities in the delivery of local services with regional implications such as environmental protection (Benton 2002, 2003; Marando and Reeves, 1993). The voter referendum, a form of direct democracy, is an important component of county land preservation and environmental protection governmental policies. The recent growth and success of land preservation voter referendums nationwide reflects an increase in citizen participation in government and their desire to protect vacant land and its natural environment from threats of over-development, urbanization and sprawl, loss of open space and farmland, deterioration of ecosystems, and inadequate park and recreational amenities. The study’s design employs a sequential, mixed method. First, a quantitative approach employs the Heckman two-step model. It is fitted with variables for the non-random sample of 227 voter referendum counties and all non-voter referendum counties in the U.S. from 1988 to 2009. Second, the qualitative data collected from the in-depth investigation of three South Florida county case studies with twelve public administrator interviews is transformed for integration with the quantitative findings. The purpose of the qualitative method is to complement, explain and enrich the statistical analysis of county demographic, socio-economic, terrain, regional, governance and government, political preference, environmentalism, and referendum-specific factors. The research finds that government factors are significant in terms of the success of land preservation voter referendums; more specifically, the presence of self-government authority (home rule charter), a reformed structure (county administrator/manager or elected executive), and environmental interest groups. In addition, this study concludes that successful counties are often located coastal, exhibit population and housing growth, and have older and more educated citizens who vote democratic in presidential elections. The analysis of case study documents and public administrator interviews finds that pragmatic considerations of timing, local politics and networking of regional stakeholders are also important features of success. Further research is suggested utilizing additional public participation, local government and public administration factors.

A valorização dos alunos de uma escola do 1º CEB sobre os valores em contexto de sala de aula

Relatório de Estágio apresentado à Escola Superior de Educação dp Instituto Politécnico de Castelo Branco para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Mestre em Educação Pré-escolar e Ensino do 1º ciclo do Ensino Básico.

The Proceedings of the South Carolina Historical Association

Annually, the association publishes a journal, The Proceedings, which consists of papers presented at the annual meeting. History as the Core of the Liberal Education Program by Elizabeth H. Davidson The Repossession of Georgia, 1782-1784 by Robert S. Lambert Three Suburban Developments of the Principate of Hadrian by Richard H. Chowen

Richard Yates: re-writing postwar American culture

This thesis explores the fiction of American author Richard Yates to propose that his work provides an insistent questioning and alternative vision of postwar American culture. Such an approach is informed by a revisionist account of four distinct yet interconnected areas of postwar culture: the role of the non-heroic soldier stepping in and out of World War II; suburbanisation and fashioning of anti-suburban performance; demarcation of gender roles and unraveling of sexual conservatism in the 1950s; consideration of what constituted the normative within postwar discourse and representations of mental illness in Yates’ work. These four spheres of interest form the backbone to this study in its combined aim of reclaiming Yates’ fiction in line with a more progressive historical framework while shaping a new critical appreciation of his fiction. Such analysis will be primed by an opening discussion that illustrates how Yates’ fiction has frequently been ensconced in a limited interpretative lens: an approach, that I argue, has kept Yates on the periphery of the canon and ultimately resulted in the neglect of an author who provided a rich, progressive and historically significant dialogue of postwar American life. This PhD arrives at a point when Yatesian scholarship is finally gaining momentum after the cumulative impact of a comprehensive biography, a faithful film adaptation of his seminal text Revolutionary Road (1961), plus the recent re-issue of his catalogue of work. An assessment as to why he remained on the margins of success for the duration of his career is therefore of pressing interest in light of this recent critical and commercial recognition.

Análisis del proceso de expansión del oriente de Cali: el caso de Ciudadela Desepaz

Los resultados morfológicos del Programa de Vivienda de Interés Social Ciudadela Desepaz se caracterizan por la desarticulación y baja funcionalidad del espacio urbano. Esta condición urbanística no deriva de una falta de planificación integral, ya que el Municipio de Santiago de Cali evidenció la intención de desarrollar una porción de ciudad bien articulada, sino más bien de un conjunto de factores de los procesos de gestión urbana y urbanística llevados a cabo en este Programa. A partir de una investigación juiciosa de estos procesos, y del análisis morfológico de cada de uno de los proyectos que conformaron la Ciudadela, se definieron 6 factores principales de la gestión que incidieron en que la intención inicial del Municipio no se pudiera materializar.

Análisis de la influencia del programa de mejoramiento integral de barrios de Bogotá en el territorio del API El tesoro de la localidad de Ciudad Bolívar

La expansión urbana mediante asentamientos de origen informal ha ido aumentado en los últimos años debido al déficit en la oferta de vivienda formal, el costo del suelo urbano y factores económicos, sociales y culturales. Estos asentamientos no cuentan con infraestructura básica y los terrenos que generalmente son invadidos se encuentran en zonas de riesgo y no ofrecen las condiciones físicas y habitacionales adecuadas para el habitar de las personas. El distrito a través del Programa de Mejoramiento Integral de Barrios (PMIB) busca intervenir sobre los aspectos críticos en cada barrio, habilitar la infraestructura básica que permita su integración a la ciudad y mejorar la calidad de vida de los habitantes. Este proceso parte de delimitar las zonas críticas y definir las intervenciones físicas, sociales y ambientales que deben ser llevadas a cabo por diferentes entidades distritales. En este estudio se hace un análisis de las intervenciones que se han llevado a cabo en la Área Prioritaria de Intervención (API) El Tesoro, para analizar cuales intervenciones llevadas a cabo han sido exitosas y cuales requieren de ajustes para lograr un mejor impacto. Se encontró que estas intervenciones no han sido suficientes para mejorar las condiciones habitacionales de las personas, razón por lo cual es necesario revisar la política y formas de intervención.

EL PROCESO DE URBANIZACION EN LA PERIFERIA DEL AREA METROPOLITANA: LOS CASOS DE TURRUCARES Y MONTE DE LA CRUZ

Este avance de investigación pretende ofrecer una visión preliminar de un fenómeno bastante reciente que se está dando en Costa Rica y particularmente en el Valle Central: la urbanización del espacio agrícola. Este proceso se está desarrollando más allá del espacio suburbano y presenta una especialidad diferente, ya que aquí la organización social campesina y las actividades agropecuarias siguen siendo predominantes. Sin embargo, esta extremadamente vinculado con el proceso de metropolizacion que surge en el país. Se está asistiendo, pues, a una reubicación de los espacios residenciales de las clases de mejores ingresos, las cuales influenciadas tal vez por un modelo ideológico importado, buscan poder disfrutar de las ventajas que ofrece el espacio rural pero con la posibilidad de seguir trabajando en la ciudad y seguir gozando de los servicios urbanos. La  rural-urbanización dentro de una estrategia global de estructuración del espacio puede ser considerada como un mecanismo de selección y una apropiación de los mejores lugares donde se dará la futura de expansión urbana. Desde esta perspectiva, resulta interesante llamar la atención de cómo ciertos sectores sociales están proyectando desde ahora la futura expansión del espacio metropolitano.   SUMMARY This preliminary investigative report presents a viewpoint about a very recent phenomenon that is occurring in Costa Rica and especially in the Central Valley: the urbanization of the agrarian space. This process is developing beyond the suburban areas and presents a different spacial structure because in these areas, the rural social structures and the livestock and agricultural activities are still predominant. Nevertheless, such activities are very much related to the urbanization process occurring in the country. As such, we are witnessing a reubication of the residential structure of the high-income classes, of which, influenced perhaps by an improved idiologic model, hope to enjoy the advantages offered by a rural area but also taking advantage of the convenience offered by the urban benefits; plus the opportunity to keep working in the city. The process of rural urbanization conceived in a global strategy of spatial structures, can be considered as a selection and appropriation mechanism of the best areas for the future urban expansion. From this perspective, it is interesting to call attention to the process by which certain social sectors are now projecting the future organization of the metropolitan area.  In reference to the real-estate capital invested in the study areas, and specifically to Costa Rica capital, this investment in the promotion of real-estate, acts as a shelter sector, by changing the course of direction of the capital accumulated in the other economic sectors, especially considering that the real-estate sector insures more secure profits in spite of the relatively insignificant recuperation rate of the capital investment comparison to the industrial sector, where more capital risks occur, above all during an economic crisis.  At present, the zones influenced by rural urbanization are affected by a modification in their productive structure, in other words, what were once agricultural zones, are now converted to residential zones. This produces spectacular changes in the composition of the work force by producing service-oriented employment that leads to the following abandonment of the agricultural activities.  From a social point of view, this rural urbanization pattern provokes a marked spatial segregation, in which an exclusive high income social group with a particularly consuming life style is noted at one level, and on the other, social groups that inhered patterns of rural life with more traditional lifestyles. In reference to the community level in the study areas, localized conflicts have emerged between local people and the new residents. These conflicts are highly conditioned by the insertion in the communities of these new residents.       RESUME   Ce document préliminaire décrit un phénomène assez récent au Costa Rica, qui affecte plus particulièrement la « Vallée Centrale ». il s’agit de l’urbanisation de l’espace agricole.  Ce sont des espaces franchement ruraux, bien au-delà des banlieues, qui sont affectés par ce processus qui, en conséquence, montre des caractères différents: comme se maintien de la organisation social liée aux activités agricoles; en face l’infiltration d’un autre mode de vie dû à sa transformation en espace résidentiel pour classes aux revenus élevés qui, peut-être, influencées par un modèle culturel importé, préfèrent une localisation qui puisée leus offrir à  la fois les avantages de vivre dans un espace rural avec ceux de la ville, lieu de travail suffisamment proche dont elles continuent à pouvoir utiliser ses services. Ce modèle culturel doit être considère en fonction du processus de métropolitain apparu dan le pays. L’urbanisation de l’espace rural, dans une stratégie globale de structuration de l’espace peut se considérer comme un mécanisme de sélection et d’appropriation des meilleurs sites de l’expansion urbaine future.  Dans cette perspective, il est intéressant de constater qu’il existe déjà, de la part certains secteurs sociaux, un projet d’organisation de l’espace métropolitain futur. Le foncier est considéré comme un secteur refuge pour les capitaux nationaux d’où l’intérêt de la spéculation pour ces zones. En effet, ce placement, plus sûr, malgré un plus faible taux de récupération du capital, est préfère à d’ autres- comme l’investissement industriel- plus rentables, mais plus risqués, surtout en temps de crise. L’urbanisation de l’espace rural s’accompagne d’une modification des structures productives : moins d’agriculture et évolution de l’emploi vers le tertiaire liée à la présence de nouveaux résidents. Du point de vue social, cette situation se traduit par une très nette ségrégation spatiale. D’un côte, un group socio-économique aux revenus élèves représentant  la société de consommation ; de l’autre, les ruraux au style de vie plus traditionnel. Il en résulte une certaine tension entre les deux groupes.

Biomimetic surfaces for greener coastal infrastructures: an analysis of factors that contribute to make artificial structures more “natural”

The growing ecological awareness of Ocean Sprawl impacts is promoting the adoption of eco-engineering strategies to enhance the ecological performance of coastal infrastructures. Biomimicry, as an eco-engineering tool, aims to design infrastructure more suitable for wildlife by manipulating structural factors to mimic natural habitats. However, little is known about the extent to which natural and artificial substrates differ in their structure and to what extent such differences affect the biota. To fill these knowledge gaps and consequently design biomimetic surfaces, I initially explored how much physical structure diverges between various types of natural and artificial substrates and tested to what extent differences in physical structure and material composition affect the epibenthic communities. By mean of an in-field mensurative experiment and a systematic review coupled with a meta-analysis, I found that, although communities tended to differ between natural and artificial coastal habitats, both physical structure and material composition reported an overall mild effect on epibenthic communities. However, an informed choice of building material and an appropriate combination of multiple structural manipulations can promote ecological benefits at multiple levels, from increasing the ecological performance in situ to reducing the impacts during the production process. Thus, I combined my findings in a final experiment, still in progress, where I am testing the combined role of shape, brightness and inclination of biomimetic surfaces I have designed in producing benefits at multiple levels. Overall, I suggest that biomimicry has the potential to increase the ecological value of artificial habitats especially when a wide range of aspects is simultaneously considered. Indeed, none of the structural factors, individually, can fully mimic the “natural conditions” to effectively improve the ecological performance of the artificial substrates. This emphasizes the need to include in future works a multi-level perspective to fully achieve the great potential of biomimicry.

Atlante digitale della Periegesi di Pausania: metodologia, implementazione e sviluppi

La tesi consiste nella descrizione del complessivo background storico-letterario, archeologico e digitale necessario per la realizzazione di un Atlante digitale dell’antica Grecia antica sulla base della raccolta e analisi dei dati e delle informazioni contenute nella Periegesi di Pausania. Grazie all’impiego degli applicativi GIS, ed in particolare di ArcGIS online, è stato possibile creare un database georiferito contenente le informazioni e le descrizioni fornite dal testo; ogni identificazione di un sito storico è stata inoltre confrontata con lo stato attuale della ricerca archeologica, al fine di produrre uno strumento innovativo tanto per a ricerca storico-archeologica quanto per lo studio e la valutazione dell’opera di Pausania. Nello specifico il lavoro consiste in primo esempio di atlante digitale interamente basato sull’interpretazione di un testo classico attraverso un processo di georeferenziazione dei suoi contenuti. Per ogni sito identificato è stata infatti specificato il relativo passo di Pausania, collegando direttamente Il dato archeologico con la fonte letteraria. Per la definizione di una tassonomia efficace per l’analisi dei contenuti dell’opera o, si è scelto di associare agli elementi descritti da Pausania sette livelli (layers) all’interno della mappa corrispondenti ad altrettante categorie generali (città, santuari extraurbani, monumenti, boschi sacri, località, corsi d’acqua, e monti). Per ciascun elemento sono state poi inserite ulteriori informazioni all’interno di una tabella descrittiva, quali: fonte, identificazione, età di appartenenza, e stato dell’identificazione.

La narrativa italiana degli anni Duemila - tra postmodernità e ipermodernità

Nel corso degli ultimi quindici anni, il dibattito letterario italiano si è rivolto soprattutto alla persistenza dei caratteri del postmoderno italiano nella produzione letteraria nazionale, e parallelamente sulla ricerca dei sintomi e dei segnali che possano dimostrare un superamento di questo periodo storico e letterario. Le posizioni prese dalla critica letteraria sono polarizzate, da una parte i sostenitori di un necessario recupero dei caratteri al contempo realisti e modernisti e dall’altra coloro che ritengono che il postmoderno sia evoluto verso una forma più matura. In questo lavoro, sulla scorta di Luperini, Donnarumma e Cortellessa, consideriamo il postmoderno come una fase artistica e storica consumata. Pertanto, abbiamo indagato le forme che rappresentano i nodi tematici più riconoscibili della nuova produzione letteraria italiana; lo si è fatto attraverso le opere di alcuni autori che più di altri mostrano una sensibilità comune e degli elementi problematici affini, malgrado delle differenze stilistiche profonde. Abbiamo scelto di concentrarci sulla produzione di Giorgio Falco, Nicola Lagioia, Laura Pugno e Giorgio Vasta. Nella prima parte, abbiamo osservato la presenza della corporalità in alcune opere di tali autori, alfine di verificare le modalità del ritorno alla dimensione fisica dell’esistenza. Nella seconda parte, abbiamo indagato il ritorno all’impegno, osservando la rappresentazione degli anni Settanta e Ottanta e lo sguardo degli autori verso la città diffusa del nord Italia.

L'edilizia residenziale nell'era dell'economia circolare. Modelli e paradigmi per la rigenerazione delle periferie urbane

Il patrimonio residenziale italiano ammonta a 12,2 milioni di edifici, di cui il 57,5% ha più di 50 anni ed è stato costruito in assenza di normative specifiche, in termini di sicurezza sismica, resistenza al fuoco, efficienza energetica e accessibilità, e manifesta un’avanzata obsolescenza. Agire su questo patrimonio significa operare tramite le due macro categorie di intervento: demolizione/ricostruzione o riqualificazione energetica. Questa ricerca dottorale vuole indagare la demolizione/ricostruzione di comparti urbani periferici, costruiti tra 1945-1965, quale strategia di rigenerazione urbana, integrandola in un modello edilizio basato sui criteri dell’economia circolare. Vengono definite le caratteristiche costruttive e i principi di questo modello di progettazione ecosistemica, denominato Integrho, che coniuga i criteri di ecodesign nel ciclo di vita (Building in Layers, Design for Disassembly e il Design out Waste) con quelli di bioclimaticità e di adattabilità funzionale. Il lavoro è stato improntato secondo due livelli gerarchici, scala urbana e scala edilizia, tra loro correlate mediante quella intermedia dell’isolato, al fine di ottenere un obiettivo di natura metodologica: definire uno strumento di supporto decisionale, capace di indirizzare tra le categorie di intervento attraverso parametri oggettivi, valutati con analisi comparative speditive. Tale metodologia viene applicata al contesto di Bologna, e si fonda sulla creazione di un’approfondita base conoscitiva attraverso la catalogazione delle 8.209 pratiche edilizie di nuova costruzione presentate tra 1945 e il 1965. Tale strumento georeferenziato, contenente informazioni tipologiche, costruttive ecc., è impiegato per valutare in modo quantitativo e speditivo i consumi energetici, i materiali incorporati, gli impatti ambientali e i costi economici dei differenti scenari di intervento nel ciclo di vita. Infine, l’applicazione del modello edilizio Integrho e del paradigma Ri-Costruire per Ri-Generare ad uno degli isolati periferici selezionati, è impiegata come esemplificazione dell’intero processo, dalla fase conoscitiva a quella strumentale, al fine di verificarne l’attendibilità e l’applicabilità su larga scala.