Espacio social : Aportes para una definición del concepto y su posible relación con el arte

En el presente trabajo proponemos avanzar de un modo crítico en horizontes teóricos, tanto desde la geografía urbana como desde la geografía política, para abordar el concepto de espacio. Para ello, analizamos las contribuciones de Henri Lefebvre, Milton Santos y Doreen Massey guiándonos por las siguientes preguntas: ¿Cómo definen estos autores al espacio y qué características le atribuyen? ¿Qué aportes realizan para problematizar la noción de espacio físico? A partir de esta indagación, arribamos a la consideración de que el espacio, lejos de concebirse en términos atemporales, objetivos, fijos y apolíticos, es una construcción histórico social que posee un carácter político al estar atravesado por relaciones de poder. Asimismo, sostenemos que la presencia del espacio en las prácticas sociales, entre ellas las acciones artísticas (objeto de nuestro interés), no es sólo contextual, por lo que excede a la idea de simple emplazamiento, telón de fondo o escenario donde transcurren los hechos. De esta manera, consideramos que estas indagaciones aportan un marco analítico significativo para comprender la centralidad que tiene la valoración, construcción y disputa del espacio por parte de numerosas prácticas. ;En síntesis, arribamos a la conclusión de que el espacio es a la vez productor y producto. Por ende, está en permanente cambio y las formas que adquiere son condición histórica y de posibilidad, y no una determinación, para los procesos sociales que allí se desarrollan. Cualquier manifestación social, entre ellas las artísticas, no se insertan en el espacio de forma "natural" sino que lo hacen de manera disruptiva, en lugares no esperados, con técnicas o mecanismos que apelan a descentrar, a movilizar los sentimientos y sentidos corporales, a despertar el interés, curiosidad, preguntas, cuestionamientos, entre otros. En este sentido, en el espacio construido socialmente confluyen cierta distribución del poder, el conflicto social y también las prácticas creativas que muchas veces se proponen generar operaciones contra esas dinámicas.

Espacio social : Aportes para una definición del concepto y su posible relación con el arte

En el presente trabajo proponemos avanzar de un modo crítico en horizontes teóricos, tanto desde la geografía urbana como desde la geografía política, para abordar el concepto de espacio. Para ello, analizamos las contribuciones de Henri Lefebvre, Milton Santos y Doreen Massey guiándonos por las siguientes preguntas: ¿Cómo definen estos autores al espacio y qué características le atribuyen? ¿Qué aportes realizan para problematizar la noción de espacio físico? A partir de esta indagación, arribamos a la consideración de que el espacio, lejos de concebirse en términos atemporales, objetivos, fijos y apolíticos, es una construcción histórico social que posee un carácter político al estar atravesado por relaciones de poder. Asimismo, sostenemos que la presencia del espacio en las prácticas sociales, entre ellas las acciones artísticas (objeto de nuestro interés), no es sólo contextual, por lo que excede a la idea de simple emplazamiento, telón de fondo o escenario donde transcurren los hechos. De esta manera, consideramos que estas indagaciones aportan un marco analítico significativo para comprender la centralidad que tiene la valoración, construcción y disputa del espacio por parte de numerosas prácticas. ;En síntesis, arribamos a la conclusión de que el espacio es a la vez productor y producto. Por ende, está en permanente cambio y las formas que adquiere son condición histórica y de posibilidad, y no una determinación, para los procesos sociales que allí se desarrollan. Cualquier manifestación social, entre ellas las artísticas, no se insertan en el espacio de forma "natural" sino que lo hacen de manera disruptiva, en lugares no esperados, con técnicas o mecanismos que apelan a descentrar, a movilizar los sentimientos y sentidos corporales, a despertar el interés, curiosidad, preguntas, cuestionamientos, entre otros. En este sentido, en el espacio construido socialmente confluyen cierta distribución del poder, el conflicto social y también las prácticas creativas que muchas veces se proponen generar operaciones contra esas dinámicas.

Espacio social : Aportes para una definición del concepto y su posible relación con el arte

En el presente trabajo proponemos avanzar de un modo crítico en horizontes teóricos, tanto desde la geografía urbana como desde la geografía política, para abordar el concepto de espacio. Para ello, analizamos las contribuciones de Henri Lefebvre, Milton Santos y Doreen Massey guiándonos por las siguientes preguntas: ¿Cómo definen estos autores al espacio y qué características le atribuyen? ¿Qué aportes realizan para problematizar la noción de espacio físico? A partir de esta indagación, arribamos a la consideración de que el espacio, lejos de concebirse en términos atemporales, objetivos, fijos y apolíticos, es una construcción histórico social que posee un carácter político al estar atravesado por relaciones de poder. Asimismo, sostenemos que la presencia del espacio en las prácticas sociales, entre ellas las acciones artísticas (objeto de nuestro interés), no es sólo contextual, por lo que excede a la idea de simple emplazamiento, telón de fondo o escenario donde transcurren los hechos. De esta manera, consideramos que estas indagaciones aportan un marco analítico significativo para comprender la centralidad que tiene la valoración, construcción y disputa del espacio por parte de numerosas prácticas. ;En síntesis, arribamos a la conclusión de que el espacio es a la vez productor y producto. Por ende, está en permanente cambio y las formas que adquiere son condición histórica y de posibilidad, y no una determinación, para los procesos sociales que allí se desarrollan. Cualquier manifestación social, entre ellas las artísticas, no se insertan en el espacio de forma "natural" sino que lo hacen de manera disruptiva, en lugares no esperados, con técnicas o mecanismos que apelan a descentrar, a movilizar los sentimientos y sentidos corporales, a despertar el interés, curiosidad, preguntas, cuestionamientos, entre otros. En este sentido, en el espacio construido socialmente confluyen cierta distribución del poder, el conflicto social y también las prácticas creativas que muchas veces se proponen generar operaciones contra esas dinámicas.

Effect of reading sport chronicles on the perception of justice and the predisposition to protest actions in soccer

In this study three chronicles from national newspapers (one generalist and two sport press) were analyzed. The chronicles belong to Spain’s soccer final of the King’s Cup in 2014. The aim of the study was to know if there was any influence on the readers’ perception of justice and consequently if this influence could cause a particular predisposition to participate in acts of protest. 462 university students participated. The results showed that different chronicles caused differences in the perception of justice depending on the chronicle read. However, a clear influence on the willingness to participate in acts of protest was not obtained. These results should make us think about the impact of sport press and its influence, and to be aware of the indirect responsibility of every sector on the antisocial behaviors generated by soccer in our country.

A representação social do papel de gestores em organizações não governamentais

The discussions concerning the absence of a management model appropriate to the peculiarities of third sector organizations have not been impeditive to their emphasized expansion in the last decades. In the attempt of understanding this phenomenon from the perspective of those who manage social organizations, this work based on the theory of social representations to understand the notion that organization managers of the third sector - based in Fortaleza CE - have of the part that they play and how this notion influences the direction of their activities. Social representations of managers of four different categories of non-governmental organizations have been investigated, each category composed of two unities. The categories researched were: social integration through art and education, prevention and treatment of alcohol and drug abuse, children s health assistance and community action. By using Doise s Societal Approach, the role of social managers translated in intraindividual, interindividual and situational processes of their actions, has been analysed within the social representations, focusing on beliefs, values, symbols and stories that give meaning to the existence of non-governmental organizations. Analysis and discussion of data displayed the existence of diversity in the understanding of managers within their practice, in other words, the management profile is also its own manager s. The branch where an organization acts is also preponderant in the shaping of a management style. It could be deduced, from to the organizations researched, that professional formation and the manager s social insertion mainly, are determinative factors in the outlining of a management model of its own. It was concluded that, due to heterogeneity of interests and action segments, there is no systematic process for social management among organizations. Management styles are supported by their director s own perception of achievement, who model organizations according to their contingencies

Responsabilidade social: visões e perspectivas de empresários do segmento industrial do Rio Grande do Norte

The theme Corporate Social Responsibility is relatively recent both in the academic field and in the business practice. Because of the lack of socialization of experiences and precision of concepts, there are gaps regarding the understanding of the subject and, also, how to conduct operations. This study just seeks to investigate such matter, focusing applications of social responsibility in business. It takes, as empirical field, winners of the PSQT - SESI Prize of Quality at Work in Rio Grande do Norte (2002-2007) in order to systematize the various approaches on the issue, aiming to reveal subjective visions and perspectives of the theme. It is characterized as a qualitative study, carried out by structured interview. The universe was composed by 15 companies. It was used analysis of content categorical as an axis for the interpretation of the information. Three approaches guided the analysis: Business Ethics, (normative); Business & Society (contractual); Social Issues Management (strategic). The findings are related in three ways: 1) reasons for the CSR practice; 2) the results obtained; 3) the means of CSR. It was found that the award participation occurs, mostly, linked to SESI invitations, so, as an articulated movement of industrial corporations in Brazil it occurs, also, because of the organizational commitment with the society and the possibility of internal and social growths and because of the importance attributed to the report as an instrument of consultancy. There are no indicators to check impacts of organizational interventions, in spite of the existence of planning for the actions. Social responsibility appears as a tool to reinforce the organizational image and to increase satisfaction of the employees. There is a tendency of large and medium firms to a contractual commitment while the small and the micros firms are on strategic or normative level. The analysis of the perspectives of social responsibility future revealed trends towards for strategic approach

Motivating residents to combat invasive species on private lands: social norms and community reciprocity

Invasive species (IS) threaten biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. To achieve landscape-scale reductions in IS and the associated gains for biodiversity, IS control efforts must be expanded across private lands. Enhancing IS control across private lands requires an understanding of the factors that motivate residents to engage or prohibit residents from engaging in efforts to control IS. Drawing from the collective interest model and literature, we sought to understand how a wide range of interpersonal, intrapersonal, and contextual factors might influence resident action around combating the invasive tree albizia (Falcataria moluccana), in the Puna District of Hawaiʻi. To do so, we used a cross-sectional survey of 243 residents and elastic net regression techniques. We found that residents’ actions related to IS control were related to their perceptions of social norms and community reciprocity regarding albizia control, as well as their knowledge of effective control strategies and their risk perceptions regarding albizia. These findings suggest that, although common intervention approaches that focus on providing education or subsidies are important, they may be more effective at reducing the spread of IS if coupled with approaches that build community reciprocity and norms.

Community owned solutions: identifying local best practices for social-ecological sustainability

Policies and actions that come from higher scale structures, such as international bodies and national governments, are not always compatible with the realities and perspectives of smaller scale units including indigenous communities. Yet, it is at this local social-ecological scale that mechanisms and solutions for dealing with unpredictability and change can be increasingly seen emerging from across the world. Although there is a large body of knowledge specifying the conditions necessary to promote local governance of natural resources, there is a parallel need to develop practical methods for operationalizing the evaluation of local social-ecological systems. In this paper, we report on a systemic, participatory, and visual approach for engaging local communities in an exploration of their own social-ecological system. Working with indigenous communities of the North Rupununi, Guyana, this involved using participatory video and photography within a system viability framework to enable local participants to analyze their own situation by defining indicators of successful strategies that were meaningful to them. Participatory multicriteria analysis was then used to arrive at a short list of best practice strategies. We present six best practices and show how they are intimately linked through the themes of indigenous knowledge, local governance and values, and partnerships and networks. We highlight how developing shared narratives of community owned solutions can help communities to plan governance and management of land and resource systems, while reinforcing sustainable practices by discussing and showcasing them within communities, and by engendering a sense of pride in local solutions.

The ‘peaks and troughs’ of societal violence: Revisiting the actions of Turkish and Kurdish shopkeepers during the 2011 London riots

This article examines an instance of contained violence during the 2011 riots in London, when Turkish and Kurdish ‘shopkeepers’ in Dalston, East London prevented rioters from entering the area. Introducing a ‘peaks’ and ‘troughs’ approach to the sociological study of violence, the article argues that we need to look at the troughs of non-violence in order to understand the peaks of violence and vice-versa. Based on a small-scale empirical study, this article also shows that contrary to the dominant representation of social actors playing fixed roles during social unrest, we found shifting positions and blurred boundaries in the drama of the 2011 riots. The paper demonstrates that the instance of contained violence in Dalston was informed by three types of reverberations. Firstly, we identified anticipatory reverberations, as the shopkeepers were aware of concurrent events elsewhere in London and, as a result, anticipated rioting in Dalston. Secondly, we saw experiential reverberations, as they used their own experience of unrest in Turkey to inform their behaviour. Finally, the representation of the action of the shopkeepers in traditional and social media may have contributed to the containment of violence elsewhere in England, suggesting representational reverberations.

Responsabilidade social empresarial: uma avaliação do projeto "Escola de Informática e Cidadania" da Mineradora "Y" situada no Estado do Pará

The subject Responsibility Enterprise Social (RSE) is relatively recent in the half national academic and the world of the management businesses as practical. For the lack of socialization of experiences and clarity of concepts, shunting lines in the agreement of the subject and the conduction of the interventions occur. It was looked to inquire, in this research, the development of the project of Social Responsibility Enterprise ―School of Computer science and Citizenship‖ of a situated company in the State of Pará, objectifying to evaluate it and later to understand it. For this, one searched to describe the characteristics and structure of the School, to identify to the lines and lines of direction adopted for this Project and to identify to the influence and results of the same in the life of pupils, professors and egresses of the School. It is characterized for a study of case with qualitative boarding of descriptive character, carried through interviews structuralized in a sample of 21 divided members of the School between professors, pupils and egresses. It was used of the analysis of categorical content, having as axle for the interpretation of the data the Social Responsibility, the Digital Inclusion and the Education. The gotten results inform that the infrastructure has challenges to face, point disparities between the conception and practical of the categories characterized in the Politician-Pedagogical Project of the EIC and the influence that, exactly under limits, the life of the professors, pupils reaches and egress. One evidenced that Social action for damages of this company when come back toward this project, they had not been evidenced. For this prism, these actions had only remained in the assistencialist speech and not structural, being thus, the company is not fulfilling its paper of transforming element of the reality of its clientele and the population that lives in it s around

The economic crisis as a game changer? Exploring the role of social construction in sustainability transitions

Continuing economic turbulence has fuelled debates about social and political reform as much as it has stimulated actions and initiatives aimed at a more fundamental transition of dominant economic systems. This paper takes a transition perspective to explore, from a Western European viewpoint, how the economic crisis is actually viewed through a variety of interpretations and responded to through a range of practices. We argue that framing societal phenomena such as the economic crisis as "symptoms of transition" through alternative narratives and actions can give rise to the potential for (seemingly) short-term pressures to become game changers. Game changers are then defined as the combination of: specific events, the subsequent or parallel framing of events in systemic terms by engaged societal actors, and (eventually) the emergence of (diverse) alternative narratives and practices (in response to the systemic framing of events). Game changers, when understood in these terms, help to orient, legitimize, guide, and accelerate deep changes in society. We conclude that such dynamics in which game changers gain momentum might also come to play a critical role in transitions. Therefore, we argue for developing a better understanding of and methodologies to further study the coevolutionary dynamics associated with game changers, as well as exploring the implications for governance.

Widening participation in higher education: the role of professional and social class identities and commitments

Since the neoliberal reforms to British education in the 1980s, education debates have been saturated with claims to the efficacy of the market as a mechanism for improving the content and delivery of state education. In recent decades with the expansion and ‘massification’ of higher education, widening participation (WP) has acquired an increasingly important role in redressing the under-representation of certain social groups in universities. Taken together, these trends neatly capture the twin goals of New Labour’s programme for education reform: economic competitiveness and social justice. But how do WP professionals negotiate competing demands of social equity and economic incentive? In this paper we explore how the hegemony of neoliberal discourse – of which the student as consumer is possibly the most pervasive – can be usefully disentangled from socially progressive, professional discourses exemplified through the speech and actions of WP practitioners and managers working in British higher education institutions.

Corporate Social Responsibility no sector bancário

Vivemos num mundo globalizado onde as exigências são diversas e constantemente presentes. É impossível analisar a área social, económica ou ambiental de forma isolada. A visão que relaciona o mundo empresarial com a sociedade e que lhe reconhece obrigações e responsabilidades para com a mesma não é nova e tem vindo a obter uma importância e visibilidade crescentes. O conceito corporate social responsibility (CSR) tem sido objecto de grande enfoque, sobretudo desde os anos cinquenta do século passado. Todavia, este conceito não tem permanecido inalterado com o passar do tempo. Desde a referida década até à actualidade verifica-se um desenvolvimento notório da definição de CSR, das suas vertentes, do binómio mundo empresarial e social e de alguns conceitos conexos como sejam corporate citizenship, business ethics e sustainability. Actualmente a maioria da doutrina que versa sobre o tema aceita, de forma pacífica, que o mundo empresarial não se pode fechar sobre si próprio pretendendo alcançar ganhos e visibilidade demitindo-se da responsabilidade para com a sociedade onde se encontra inserido. Compreende-se que a interligação entre a esfera económica, social e ambiental permite às empresas diversos benefícios, nomeadamente a viabilização de projectos a longo prazo, prestígio, notoriedade e a vantagem competitiva face às suas concorrentes. O objectivo do presente trabalho é demonstrar a evolução do conceito de CSR, nas suas várias vertentes, o impacto e os benefícios decorrentes das actuações empresarias compatíveis com este conceito e verificar, no que ao sector bancário respeita, se os clientes destas instituições conhecem os projectos sociais, pelas mesmas desenvolvidos e se a realização destes projectos possuem impacto na relação cliente/banco.

Twitter e ciberativismo: o movimento social da hashtag #ForaMicarla em Natal-RN

The spatial and temporal fluidity conditioned by the technologies of social interaction online have been allowing that collective actions of protest and activism arise every day in cyberspace - the cyber-activism. If before these actions were located in geographical boundaries, today's demands and mobilizations extrapolate the location, connect to the global, and at the same time, return to the regional through digital virtuality. Within this context of the relationship between digital technology and global flow of sociability, emerges in October 2010 the social movement of the hashtag "#ForaMicarla", which means the dissatisfaction of cibernauts from Natal of Twitter with the current management of the municipality of Natal-RN, Micarla de Sousa (Green Party). We can find in the center of this movement and others who appeared in the world at the same time a technological condition of Twitter, with the hashtag "#". Given this scenario, this research seeks to analyze how the relationship of the agents of movement hashtag "ForaMicarla", based on the principle that it was formed in the Twitter network and is maintained on the platform on a daily basis, it can create a new kind of political culture. Thus, this study discusses theoretically the importance of Twitter and movements that emerge on the platform and through it to understand the social and political demands of the contemporary world and this public sphere, which now seems to include cyberspace

Economics of Ethical and Prosocial Behavior: Experiments on Social Responsibility, Ignorance, and Cheating

In this thesis I experimentally investigate prosocial and ethical behavior in economic interactions. The thesis consists of three experimental research papers that have a broad range of research questions on social responsibility, ignorance and cheating. With these experiments I aim to better understand when and why people behave ethically and/or prosocially and which consequences it has on their own and other players’ payoffs, and on overall efficiency. The results from the three experimental studies suggest that (i) donations to charity by employees are rewarded in an experimental setting, and the effect is driven by reciprocal concerns; (ii) there is a significant fraction of people who decide not to know about negative consequences of own actions, and the sorting of social agents of a low type into ignorance drives self-interested behavior of ignorant agents; and (iii) if the possibility of being exposed as a liar is small, the tendency to lie increases with incentives, indicating that some people have positive and finite costs of lying. Furthermore, when the participants lie, they lie to the full extent, which suggests that the intrinsic cost of lying is fixed.