Query Suggestions for Textual Problem Solution Repositories

Textual problem-solution repositories are available today in
various forms, most commonly as problem-solution pairs from community
question answering systems. Modern search engines that operate on
the web can suggest possible completions in real-time for users as they
type in queries. We study the problem of generating intelligent query
suggestions for users of customized search systems that enable querying
over problem-solution repositories. Due to the small scale and specialized
nature of such systems, we often do not have the luxury of depending on
query logs for finding query suggestions. We propose a retrieval model
for generating query suggestions for search on a set of problem solution
pairs. We harness the problem solution partition inherent in such
repositories to improve upon traditional query suggestion mechanisms
designed for systems that search over general textual corpora. We evaluate
our technique over real problem-solution datasets and illustrate that
our technique provides large and statistically significant

Knowledge Management Techniques to Augment Textual CBR (PhD Thesis)

The past decade had witnessed an unprecedented growth in the amount of available digital content, and its volume is expected to continue to grow the next few years. Unstructured text data generated from web and enterprise sources form a large fraction of such content. Many of these contain large volumes of reusable data such as solutions to frequently occurring problems, and general know-how that may be reused in appropriate contexts. In this work, we address issues around leveraging unstructured text data from sources as diverse as the web and the enterprise within the Case-based Reasoning framework. Case-based Reasoning (CBR) provides a framework and methodology for systematic reuse of historical knowledge that is available in the form of problemsolution
pairs, in solving new problems. Here, we consider possibilities of enhancing Textual CBR systems under three main themes: procurement, maintenance and retrieval. We adapt and build upon the stateof-the-art techniques from data mining and natural language processing in addressing various challenges therein. Under procurement, we investigate the problem of extracting cases (i.e., problem-solution pairs) from data sources such as incident/experience
reports. We develop case-base maintenance methods specifically tuned to text targeted towards retaining solutions such that the utility of the filtered case base in solving new problems is maximized. Further, we address the problem of query suggestions for textual case-bases and show that exploiting the problem-solution partition can enhance retrieval effectiveness by prioritizing more useful query suggestions. Additionally, we illustrate interpretable clustering as a tool to drill-down to domain specific text collections (since CBR systems are usually very domain specific) and develop techniques for improved similarity assessment in social media sources such as microblogs. Through extensive empirical evaluations, we illustrate the improvements that we are able to
achieve over the state-of-the-art methods for the respective tasks.

Independent Ireland

Although many Irish nationalists at the turn of the twentieth century expected Ireland to achieve self-government within their own lifetime, few could have anticipated its form or consequences: the promised land that they envisioned was to be achieved through political means rather than insurrection and partition. But while the violence of the revolutionary decade created the political structures that shape present-day Ireland, the social and economic changes of the final decades of the twentieth century, by rupturing cultural patterns that predated independence, arguably brought about a more profound dislocation. Within Southern Ireland, the focus of this essay, the long era between these periods of upheaval was initially characterised by the pursuit of national sovereignty and self-sufficiency. In contrast, the decades after the Second World War saw the gradual abandonment of that vision in favour of a more pragmatic policy of economic liberalisation. The resulting ‘modernisation’ saw many traditional aspects of Irish society replaced by individualistic values more typical of contemporary European society.

Heterogeneous error-resilient scheme for spectral analysis in ultra-low power wearable electrocardiogram devices

Wearable devices performing advanced bio-signal analysis algorithms are aimed to foster a revolution in healthcare provision of chronic cardiac diseases. In this context, energy efficiency is of paramount importance, as long-term monitoring must be ensured while relying on a tiny power source. Operating at a scaled supply voltage, just above the threshold voltage, effectively helps in saving substantial energy, but it makes circuits, and especially memories, more prone to errors, threatening the correct execution of algorithms. The use of error detection and correction codes may help to protect the entire memory content, however it incurs in large area and energy overheads which may not be compatible with the tight energy budgets of wearable systems. To cope with this challenge, in this paper we propose to limit the overhead of traditional schemes by selectively detecting and correcting errors only in data highly impacting the end-to-end quality of service of ultra-low power wearable electrocardiogram (ECG) devices. This partition adopts the protection of either significant words or significant bits of each data element, according to the application characteristics (statistical properties of the data in the application buffers), and its impact in determining the output. The proposed heterogeneous error protection scheme in real ECG signals allows substantial energy savings (11% in wearable devices) compared to state-of-the-art approaches, like ECC, in which the whole memory is protected against errors. At the same time, it also results in negligible output quality degradation in the evaluated power spectrum analysis application of ECG signals.

Size Matters: The Effect of the Size of Ethnic Groups on Development

The share of ethnic groups is one of the most important features of African politics. It affects civil wars, representation in government positions, distributive and allocative policies. In this paper we use the partition of ethnic groups as a natural experiment in order to estimate the effect of the share of these ethnic groups on development. We show that larger groups have an advantage in terms of development and that the partition in itself does not matter for development. This result is explained by the fact that the partition matters only when the resulting groups are relatively small, since their lack of political representation may weaken support for institutions, may bias policies and the provision of ethnic/regional public goods.

Contaminated soil exposure assessment in Portugal and in the EU

Este estudo baseou-se na análise dos mecanismos de transferência de elementos potencialmente tóxicos (PTE’s) entre o solo, a solução do solo e as plantas como forma de realizar uma avaliação mais eficaz do risco em áreas agrícolas. Foram aplicados conceitos recentemente desenvolvidos para a avaliação da reactividade biogeoquímica de contaminantes no solo e da sua partição sólido:solução recorrendo-se a modelos empíricos (tipo Freundlich). Estes modelos permitiram analisar a transferência de PTE’s ao longo da cadeia alimentar e avaliar o impacto da contaminação do solo na qualidade da alimentação animal (forragens) e Humana (vegetais e carne) em Portugal. Os modelos empíricos de transferência solo-planta de PTE’s foram utilizadas para obter limites críticos para estes elementos em solos agrícolas em Portugal, a partir dos seus limites legais nos alimentos para animais e teores máximos nos géneros alimentícios. Simultaneamente, modelos de exposição Humana a contaminantes do solo, desenvolvidos noutros países da UE foram analisados e foi proposto um modelo de exposição para Portugal. Este trabalho é uma contribuição para o desenvolvimento de critérios de qualidade de solos para áreas agrícolas em Portugal, tendo em vista a protecção da saúde animal e Humana. Contribuiu também para o desenvolvimento de uma estratégia de harmonização de políticas de protecção do solo (nomeadamente no que diz respeito aos problemas de contaminação) na União Europeia.

Novas dispersões aquosas com morfologia controlada para revestimentos

O objetivo desta dissertação foi o desenvolvimento de dispersões poliméricas acrílicas, passíveis de serem usadas como ligantes em esmaltes aquosos que sejam capazes de conferir características especiais como elevada resistência ao empilhamento e à nódoa, assim como reduzir o impacto no ambiente quer através da utilização de matérias-primas de fontes renováveis, quer pela substituição de esmaltes de base solvente por esmaltes de base aquosa. Depois de uma introdução em que se contextualiza o conhecimento e as práticas nas áreas de polimerização em emulsão e revestimentos decorativos, são descritos e discutidos os resultados das várias etapas de desenvolvimento efetuadas ao longo do qual foram exploradas diferentes vias: - Funcionalização de polímeros acrílicos procurando melhorar as propriedades de superfície através da introdução de monómeros com grupos funcionais amina, epóxido e acetoacetoxilo; - Formulação de dispersões poliméricas com partículas de morfologia heterogénea, otimizando-se as suas propriedades de superfície em função da variação da composição monomérica das diferentes fases, da partição entre as duas fases poliméricas e diferentes níveis de monómero funcional. Complementaram-se os resultados com seleções afinadas baseadas em ensaios delineados através de planeamento de experiências. - Modificação dos produtos obtidos para melhoria de propriedades de resistência à nódoa, através da adição de aditivos específicos; - Teste de emulsionantes com origem em fontes renováveis quer aniónicos, quer não-iónicos. Todas as dispersões aquosas foram caracterizadas de acordo com as suas características mais relevantes entre as quais a temperatura mínima de formação de filme, o tamanho médio de partícula e a formação de grumos. As formulações mais promissoras foram também caracterizadas por 1H - NMR, FTIR, DSC, STEM e AFM). Seguidamente com essas dispersões foram preparados esmaltes com as dispersões aquosas mais promissoras que foram caracterizados exaustivamente em termos de propriedades de relevo para a aplicação decorativa em madeira. Os objetivos principais do trabalho foram atingidos, tendo sido desenvolvido um produto com morfologia heterogénea que apresenta elevada resistência ao empilhamento e propriedades antinódoa aceitáveis capaz de substituir os esmaltes de base solvente. A sua produção foi validada através do fabrico industrial (scale-up) e introdução no mercado. Relativamente à utilização de matérias-primas de fontes renováveis, esta carece ainda de otimizações futuras.

Estimating fuzzy membership functions parameters by the levenberg-marquardt algorithm

In previous papers from the authors fuzzy model identification methods were discussed. The bacterial algorithm for extracting fuzzy rule base from a training set was presented. The Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm was also proposed for determining membership functions in fuzzy systems. In this paper the Levenberg-Marquardt technique is improved to optimise the membership functions in the fuzzy rules without Ruspini-partition. The class of membership functions investigated is the trapezoidal one as it is general enough and widely used. The method can be easily extended to arbitrary piecewise linear functions as well.

Les mécanismes de l'interprétation dans la chanson populaire (d'expression francophone) proposition d'une méthode d'analyse

Pour montrer comment s'articulent les mécanismes de l'interprétation dans la chanson populaire, nous nous sommes inspirée [inspirés] de travaux de sociologues qui se sont penchés sur la chanson depuis une vingtaine d'années (Authelain, Buxton, Calvet, Giroux, Hennion, Frith, Middleton) ou sur le marché des biens symboliques (Bourdieu), ainsi que de la sémiologie musicale de Jean-Jacques Nattiez. Comme lui, nous avons identifié un processus poïétique, un niveau neutre et un processus esthésique dans la pratique de la chanson, processus qui se dédoublent dans la chanson populaire selon le point d'ancrage de l'analyse: la partition (la trace, constituant un premier"niveau neutre") puis la chanson interprétée (ou résultat musical, qui constitue un second"niveau neutre"). Nous avons par la suite identifié les différents lieux où entre en jeu l'interprétation: chez les exécutants (musiciens et interprètes) qui actualisent la partition, produisant ainsi la chanson interprétée; dans le processus de production/promotion, où s'élaborent l'image de marque de l'artiste et les discours promotionnels; chez le public où l'interprétation apparaît aussi sous ses deux facettes, c'est-à-dire l'exécution possible par les auditeurs/spectateurs, mais surtout la lecture que propose le discours critique. Un exemple précis, l'album D'instinct (1995) de l'auteur/compositeur/interprète Richard Séguin, nous a permis de mettre à l'épreuve ce modèle ainsi qu'une méthode d'analyse qui permet à la fois de se pencher sur une chanson et sur la chanson. Dans un premier temps, nous avons analysé une chanson à partir de la partition puis de la chanson interprétée (sous forme de chanson, d'album, de vidéoclip et de spectacle), sans tenir compte des discours que l'on tient sur cette chanson. Dans un deuxième temps, notre attention s'est portée sur la chanson, analysant l'objet"chanson" transformé par les discours, puis les discours eux-mêmes. Ces analyses nous ont permis de nous pencher sur l'interprétation, d'abord comme exécution (de la partition), et surtout comme lecture, puis de schématiser le réseau des discours, promotionnels et critiques, qui circulent entre l'artiste (et sa musique) et l'auditeur/spectateur. Notre recherche s'intéresse ainsi de façon nouvelle à la chanson populaire et la méthode d'analyse que nous proposons permet de tenir compte de la spécificité de son objet: une approche multidisciplinaire s'imposait pour étudier un phénomène pluridimensionnel comme la chanson. Aussi, les résultats de nos analyses confirment que le modèle et la méthode sont opératoires, mais surtout, ils laissent entrevoir de nombreuses possibilités d'analyses nouvelles d'une/de la chanson, analyses qui permettraient d'en saisir le caractère stylistique, les qualités esthétiques, etc. et même, il nous semble qu'ils pourraient s'avérer tout aussi opératoires appliqués à d'autres corpus."--Résumé abrégé par UMI

Prédiction de la digestibilité des acides aminés des ingrédients utilisés en alimentation porcine : approche par méta-analyse

En alimentation animale, l’utilisation adéquate des aliments nécessite une connaissance précise des valeurs nutritionnelles de leurs composantes, dont celle en acides aminés. Cependant, ces valeurs nutritionnelles dépendent de la teneur en acides aminés essentiels (AAE) totaux et de la digestibilité iléale standardisée (DIS) de ces AAE. Cette dernière varie en fonction de plusieurs facteurs, dont l’origine botanique des graines, les conditions de culture des récoltes, le stockage des aliments, les traitements physico-chimiques appliqués aux grains, les facteurs antinutritionnels (FANs) et les techniques expérimentales utilisées pour le dosage et l’estimation de la digestibilité des AAE. Une approche par méta-analyse a permis d’établir des modèles de prédiction de la valeur nutritionnelle en AAE des ingrédients à partir de leur composition chimique en considérant la protéine brute (PB), les AAE totaux, la teneur en fibre (Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF), Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF) et Fibre Brute (FB)) et les FANs comme les inhibiteurs de la trypsine. En se référant à l’analyse graphique et statistique, les données ont été réparties en 4 groupes : 1) les tourteaux (tourteau de soja, colza/canola et coton); 2) les légumineuses (féveroles, lupins, pois et soja); 3) les céréales (blé, orge, avoine, sorgho et maïs); 4) les drêches de distilleries (blé et maïs). Ainsi, un modèle général ajusté en fonction du type d’ingrédients a été généré et les facteurs de variation de la digestibilité en AAE ont été identifiés. Pour les tourteaux, la DIS des AAE est réduite par un accroissement de la teneur en NDF, tandis que la DIS des AAE de la féverole, pois et lupin est principalement influencée par la teneur en PB et en FANs. Concernant les graines de soja la DIS des AAE est réduite par une hausse de la teneur en fibre (FB et ADF). Enfin pour les céréales et les sous- produit de céréales telles que les drêches, la PB et les fibres (ADF ou NDF) étaient les meilleurs nutriments pour prédire la DIS des AAE. Ces résultats démontrent que la DIS des AAE peut être prédite avec précision à partir de la composition chimique pour la plupart des ingrédients.

Enhancing Macrocyclic Diterpenes as Multidrug-Resistance Reversers: Structure–Activity Studies on Jolkinol D Derivatives

The phytochemical study of Euphorbia piscatoria yielded jolkinol D (1) in a large amount, whose derivatization gave rise to 12 ester derivatives (2–13) and hydrolysis to compound 14. The in vitro modulation of P-gp of compounds 1–14 was evaluated through a combination of transport and chemosensitivity assays, using the L5178 mouse T lymphoma cell line transfected with the human MDR1 gene. Apart from jolkinol D, all derivatives (2–14) showed potential as MDR reversal agents. In this small library of novel bioactive macrocyclic lathyrane diterpene derivatives, designed to evaluate structure–activity relationships essential in overcoming multidrug resistance (MDR), some correlations between MDR reversal and molecular weight, accessible solvent areas, and octanol/water partition coefficient were identified that can contribute to the development of new selective P-gp reversal agents.

Molecular determinants of the cellular internalization of crotamine-derived peptides

Tese de doutoramento, Ciências Biomédicas (Bioquímica Médica), Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina, 2014

Modulation of calcitonin amyloid formation by anionic lipid membranes

Tese de mestrado em Bioquímica, apresentada à Universidade de Lisboa, através da Faculdade de Ciências, 2014

Aprender ensinando numa turma de economia : aplicação da estratégia de tutoria entre pares numa turma de 10º ano

Relatório da prática de ensino supervisionada, Mestrado em Ensino da Economia e Contabilidade, Universidade de Lisboa, 2014

Determination of electricity consumers’ load profiles via weighted evidence accumulation clustering using subsampling

With the electricity market liberalization, the distribution and retail companies are looking for better market strategies based on adequate information upon the consumption patterns of its electricity consumers. A fair insight on the consumers’ behavior will permit the definition of specific contract aspects based on the different consumption patterns. In order to form the different consumers’ classes, and find a set of representative consumption patterns we use electricity consumption data from a utility client’s database and two approaches: Two-step clustering algorithm and the WEACS approach based on evidence accumulation (EAC) for combining partitions in a clustering ensemble. While EAC uses a voting mechanism to produce a co-association matrix based on the pairwise associations obtained from N partitions and where each partition has equal weight in the combination process, the WEACS approach uses subsampling and weights differently the partitions. As a complementary step to the WEACS approach, we combine the partitions obtained in the WEACS approach with the ALL clustering ensemble construction method and we use the Ward Link algorithm to obtain the final data partition. The characterization of the obtained consumers’ clusters was performed using the C5.0 classification algorithm. Experiment results showed that the WEACS approach leads to better results than many other clustering approaches.