University of Michigan Wrestling Team, 1941

University of Michigan Wrestling Team, 1943

University of Michigan Wrestling Team, 1946

University of Michigan Wrestling Team, 1969

University of Michigan Wrestling Team, 1970

University of Michigan Wrestling Team, 1973

University of Michigan Wrestling Team, 1974

School of Nursing Class of 1980

Top Row: Debbi Anderson, Cherie Armstrong, Diane Arney, Grace Ball, Marie Bazil, Suzanne Bihan, Nancy Black, Ellen Bochenck, Lisa Bramble, Ann Marie Brissette, Mary Brock, Gale Brown, Nancy Buhl, Judith Burek, Dana Leigh Burn, Mari Byce

Row 2: Dianne Byrd, Diane Cary, Julie Rosanne Cherno, Susan Copland, Lisa Corso, Sharon Corzine, Elsa Cowan, Linda Crawley, Constance D Anna, Mary Daly, Julie De May, Janet Dean, Lwah Ann Dennis, Leslie Jean De Noon, Barbara Deur, Marilynn Dowdy

Row 3: Laurie B. Dreisbach, Patricia Dvorak, Mary Earle, Judith Eason, Charlene Eickholt, Kathryn Elden, Susan Bourget, B.M. Rutkowski, J.Sebring-Mammel, Joan Kessler, Gregory Hazle, Rosa Ohno, Miriam Elgent, Micky Erickson, Kathleen Evans, Cathleen Fasse, Martha Finkelstein, Edie Firshman

Row 4: Susan Fitzpatrick, Lynn foley, Barbara Fredal, Lisa Ghormley, Susan Green, Carol Grishaw, Jennifer Hayden, Susan Hewens, Brenda J. Hooker, M. Karen Harning, Jean Huneke, Rose Hunter

Row 5: Joyce Jackson, Janet James, Mary Jesse, Christy Jones, Kathy Joy, Debra kadlec, Therese Keating, Ann Marie Kelly, Carol Key, Karen Dickstein, Jill Knechtel, Robin Kruger

Row 6: Mary Beth Kyko, Catherine Lawrence, Joni Lawrence, Eun Lee, Amy Long, Kathey F. Lord, Johanna Lund, Elizabeth Mac Kinnon, Marilyn Mackovjak, Lisa Mann, rose Marentette, Carmen McDowell

Row 7: Molly Mitchell, Mary Molewyk, Sandra Musci, Susan Nevins, Janet Newman, Marcy L. Ortquist, Jeanmarie Otto, Marci Peterhans, Marquite Pierce, Janet Pierson, Rachel Plumley, Frances Potasnik, Cynthia pressprich, Susan J. Robertson, Gilbert RodriqueZ, Deborah Romano, Deborah Ross, Patricia Rouen

Row 8: Abby Scholnick, Nancy Schuster, Cynthia Schwartz, Mary Ellen Sitek, Marqaret Smith, Ann Marie Smith, Cindy Smith, Julie Smrcka, Susan St. Onge, Michelle Stafford, Brenda Stallings, Nancy Steffler, Louise Sullivan, Laure Szatkowski, Bonnie R. Temple, Patricia A. Tevlin

Row 9: Linda L. Travis, Margaret Turner, Heidi Unger, Grace M.J. Valmassoi, Sally Van fleeren, Anne VanLoon, Jan Veseth, Anne MArie Villeneuve, Cynthia vrable, Lori E. Weyland, Theresa Wish, Anne Witham, Laura Wollum, Marla Young

1895 UM Track Team

Top Row: Coach Keene Fitzpatrick, Willis Hodgman, Forrest Hall, Captain James A. Leroy, Paul Smits, st. mgr. Robert. Bourland, Duane Stuart

Middle Row (seated): Paul Vernor, Loomis Hutchinson, John Finlay, Rush Baughman, Jacob White

Front Row (on ground): LeClair Martin, Harry Morris, Bryson Horton, Allen Wolcott

Le Christ de la tradition /

Mode of access: Internet.

Linear temporal logic and z refinement

Since Z, being a state-based language, describes a system in terms of its state and potential state changes, it is natural to want to describe properties of a specified system also in terms of its state. One means of doing this is to use Linear Temporal Logic (LTL) in which properties about the state of a system over time can be captured. This, however, raises the question of whether these properties are preserved under refinement. Refinement is observation preserving and the state of a specified system is regarded as internal and, hence, non-observable. In this paper, we investigate this issue by addressing the following questions. Given that a Z specification A is refined by a Z specification C, and that P is a temporal logic property which holds for A, what temporal logic property Q can we deduce holds for C? Furthermore, under what circumstances does the property Q preserve the intended meaning of the property P? The paper answers these questions for LTL, but the approach could also be applied to other temporal logics over states such as CTL and the mgr-calculus.

Employment outcomes and plant closure in a post-industrial city:an analysis of the labour market studies of MG Rover workers three years on

This paper examines how the loss of 6300 jobs from the closure of MG Rover (MGR) in the city of Birmingham (UK) in April 2005 affected the employment trajectories of ex-workers, in the context of wider structural change and efforts at urban renewal. The paper presents an analysis of a longitudinal survey of 300 ex-MGR workers, and examines to what extent the state of local labour markets and workers’ geographical mobility—as well as the effectiveness of the immediate policy response and longer-term local economic strategies—may have helped to balance the impacts of personal attributes associated with workers’ employability and their reabsorption into the labour markets. It is found that the relative buoyancy of the local economy, the success of longer-run efforts at diversification and a strong policy response and retraining initiative helped many disadvantaged workers to find new jobs in the medium term. However, the paper also highlights the unequal employment outcomes and trajectories that many lesser-skilled workers faced. It explores the policy issues arising from such closures and their aftermath, such as the need to co-ordinate responses, to retain institutional capacity, to offer high-quality training and education resources to workers and, where possible, to slow down such closure processes to enable skills to be retained and reused within the local economy.

Identification of Mechanical Parameters in Mathematical Model of Human Abdominal Fascia

Миглена Г. Кирилова-Донева - Едномерен експеримент на релаксация беше извършен с 14 образци от човешка пъпна фасция. Механичното поведение на фасцията по време на релаксация беше моделирано прилагайки нелинейната теория на Максвел-Гуревич-Рабинович. Параметрите на модела за изследваните образци бяха определени и стойностите им бяха сравнени в зависимост от посоката на натоварване на образците по време на експеримента. Установено бе, че стойностите на началния вискозитет ∗η0 и на параметъра ∗m, който се влияе от скоростта на деформация на материала се изменят в много широки граници не само за образци от различни донори, но и за образци от един донор. В резултат от прилагането на модела бе изчислено изменението на вискозитета и вискозната деформация на материала по време на релаксацията. Бе показано, че изменението на вискозитета и вискозната деформация зависи от посоката на натоварване на образците.

Plant closures, precariousness and policy responses:revisiting MG Rover 10 years on

With automotive plants being closed in Australia and western Europe, this article reflects on the employment status of ex-MG Rover (MGR) workers following the closure of the Longbridge plant in 2005. In particular, it draws on Standing's typology of labour market insecurity and uses a mixed-methods approach including an analysis of a longitudinal survey of some 200 ex-MGR workers, and in-depth interviews with ex-workers and policy-makers. While the policy response to the closure saw significant successes in terms of the great majority of workers successfully adjusting into re-employment, and with positive findings in terms of re-training and education, the paper finds significant challenges in terms of security of employment, income, job quality and representation at work years after closure. In particular, the paper posits that the general lack of attention to employment security at the macrolevel effectively undermined elements of a positive policy response over the longer run. This in turn suggests longer-term policy measures are required to address aspects of precariousness at work.

Functionalized carbon micro/nanostructures for biomolecular detection

Advancements in the micro-and nano-scale fabrication techniques have opened up new avenues for the development of portable, scalable and easier-to-use biosensors. Over the last few years, electrodes made of carbon have been widely used as sensing units in biosensors due to their attractive physiochemical properties. The aim of this research is to investigate different strategies to develop functionalized high surface carbon micro/nano-structures for electrochemical and biosensing devices. High aspect ratio three-dimensional carbon microarrays were fabricated via carbon microelectromechanical systems (C-MEMS) technique, which is based on pyrolyzing pre-patterned organic photoresist polymers. To further increase the surface area of the carbon microstructures, surface porosity was introduced by two strategies, i.e. (i) using F127 as porogen and (ii) oxygen reactive ion etch (RIE) treatment. Electrochemical characterization showed that porous carbon thin film electrodes prepared by using F127 as porogen had an effective surface area (Aeff 185%) compared to the conventional carbon electrode. To achieve enhanced electrochemical sensitivity for C-MEMS based functional devices, graphene was conformally coated onto high aspect ratio three-dimensional (3D) carbon micropillar arrays using electrostatic spray deposition (ESD) technique. The amperometric response of graphene/carbon micropillar electrode arrays exhibited higher electrochemical activity, improved charge transfer and a linear response towards H2O2 detection between 250&mgr;M to 5.5mM. Furthermore, carbon structures with dimensions from 50 nano-to micrometer level have been fabricated by pyrolyzing photo-nanoimprint lithography patterned organic resist polymer. Microstructure, elemental composition and resistivity characterization of the carbon nanostructures produced by this process were very similar to conventional photoresist derived carbon. Surface functionalization of the carbon nanostructures was performed using direct amination technique. Considering the need for requisite functional groups to covalently attach bioreceptors on the carbon surface for biomolecule detection, different oxidation techniques were compared to study the types of carbon-oxygen groups formed on the surface and their percentages with respect to different oxidation pretreatment times. Finally, a label-free detection strategy using signaling aptamer/protein binding complex for platelet-derived growth factor oncoprotein detection on functionalized three-dimensional carbon microarrays platform was demonstrated. The sensor showed near linear relationship between the relative fluorescence difference and protein concentration even in the sub-nanomolar range with an excellent detection limit of 5 pmol.