A corpus approach to discursive constructions of a hip-hop identity

This chapter is an analysis of a 100,000-word corpus consisting of message-board postings on hip-hop websites. A discourse analysis of this corpus reveals three strategies employed by the posters to identify themselves as members of the hip-hop community in the otherwise anonymous setting of the internet: (1) defined openings and closings, (2) repeated use of slang and taboo terms, and (3) performance of verbal art. Each strategy is characterized by the codification of non-standard grammar and pronunciations characteristic of speech, as well as by the use of non-standard orthography. The purpose of the discourse is shown to be a performance of identity, whereby language is used and recognized as the discursive construction of one’s hip-hop identity.

Skriftpraktiker i gymnasieskolan : Bygg- och omvårdnadselever skriver

Literacy Practices in Upper Secondary School. The Writing of Construction and Health CarePupilsThe aim of the dissertation is to demonstrate and explain the place and function writing has in allsubjects in two vocational classes in a Swedish upper secondary school. The material has beencollected through ethnographic field studies in construction and health care classes over one schoolyear. The material consists of literacy events, where pupils write, and the context of situation andtext are noted.In theoretical terms the study takes a discourse analysis perspective, where writing is seen fromwithin different frames. Writing is analysed based on an ideological view of literacy inspired byNew Literacy Studies using the context of situation and text with the aim of describing differentliteracy practices in both classes.The material was classified into three different situation types, two school-initiated and one nonschool-initiated. The first school-initiated situation type is orally-governed, the second writinggoverned,while it is less clear how the non-school-initiated type is inspired.In the writing situations we investigate the writing activities that are used, while texts areanalysed based on text acitivites. Writing and text activities are used together to explain the writingcompetences that are used in the writing situations.The conclusions are that writing gets little space and attention in both classes. The healthcare class writes in more situations and also writes longer texts than the construction class.Literacy practices differ between the classes. The health care class demonstrates one schoolgovernedwriting practice, while the construction class moves between two different schoolgovernedpractices. The literacy practices in the construction class are similar to the writing usagethat can be found at a building site. Writing is used in both classes mainly to structure and storeknowledge.The non-school-governed material also shows differences between the classes. Here too morewriting takes place in the health care class. The function of the non-school-governed writing is tocommunicate and inform through writing.

"La leyenda tiene una base real" : Análisis crítico del discurso de un artículo de El País

This paper carries out a critical discourse analysis (CDA) of the article "¿Chinofobia?” published by the Spanish newspaper El País. It applies the theory of racist discourse in the media as formulated by Teun A. van Dijk. Its hypothesis is that the article, which supposedly analyses discrimination against the Chinese minority in Spain, covertly blames the Chinese minority itself for the discrimination. Applying CDA methodology as exemplified in previous studies by van Dijk, the paper analyses the article on global and local levels, and delineates its mental model. The global level analysis describes the article in terms of macropropositions and proposes a macrostructure: the self-alienation of the Chinese minority. The paper then analyses how the macrostructure is reinforced on the local level through micropropositions by examining 1) how vocabulary serves the negative presentation and othering of the Chinese minority, 2) how strategies of mitigation minimise discrimination by employing imprecise and vague language, 3) how quotes are used to give coherence and force to the macrostructure, 4) how implications associate the Chinese minority with criminality, and 5) how stereotyped beliefs about the Chinese minority are presented as common sense (presuppositions) and fallaciously argued. Finally, the paper delineates the mental model: the presuppositions about integration, and the implicit warning that minorities should integrate or they will be discriminated against.

För Sverige i framtiden : Bio-objektifiering av ny medicinsk teknologi

Taking Sweden into the future – Bio-objectification of new medical technology In this article, we analyze how contemporary discursive silences around new biotechnologies such as cybrids and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC), have been enabled by earlier policy processes in the area, e.g. boundary work around what is human and non-human, living and non-living, subject and object. The analysis of policy processes around xenotransplantations and the use of human embryonic stem cells, shows that the stem cells’ and xenografts’ “bio-identities” become stabilized through high expectations for the future, a lack of therapeutic possibilities and struggles over definitions of life. The policy processes around human embryonic stem cells and organs from other animals, are characterized by a normalization of certain understandings of ”life”, trust in scientific progress and it’s national financial potentials and a categorization of criticism as irrational. Through these “bio-objectification processes”, debate and decision making has been moved from a political and public context into ethical committees and research funding bodies. The article concludes by discussing consequences of this political non-handling of biomedical technologies and how these bioobjects could be re-politicized.

Att skola mångfalden – ett nationalistiskt försök : En analys av sverigedemokraternas diskurs om det goda samhället och den goda skolan kopplat till skolansvärdegrund

This essay attempts to examine the discourse of the Sweden democrats in relation to thevalue system of the Swedish national school.To analyse the political texts I use discourse analysis and especially the method and approachconducted by Judith Lee Bacchi. Bacchi focuses on the construction of a problem in variouspolitical discourses. When performing this kind of analysis the main question is (accordingto Bacchi): ”What is the problem represented to be?”I find that the Sweden democrats construct the ”migration politics” and the ”multiculturalpolitics” that is guiding the society as the cause of most problems in our society. To solvethe ”problems” they promote a nationalistic and a cultural racist discourse especiallypinpointing the ”Muslims” as being a problem.Since the Sweden democrats are striving to implement their discourse in the society andschool, and since their discourse already are reproduced by solar students in the classroom,I find it important to examine the essence of their particular discourse and contrast it withthe current value system of the Swedish schools.I don´t find the nationalistic and racist discourse of the Sweden democrats to correspond tothe value system of the Swedish school, mainly due to their strive to create alienation, andby labeling individuals in a reductive manner, instead of using apparent differences as asource for democratic discussions in the classroom

Mellan raderna där normerna får fäste : En diskursanalys av tre läsläror ur ett genusperspektiv

Syftet med denna studie har varit att med en diskursanalys granska tre läsläror för årskurs 1-3ur ett genusperspektiv för att uppmärksamma hur könsnormer konstrueras och reproducerasi texten. Jag har undersökt hur karaktärerna skildras, resonerat kring hur eleverna kan påverkasav böckerna och sett om läslärorna är förenliga med läroplanen. Studien är kvalitativ med etthermeneutiskt förhållningssätt. Hirdmans teorier kring genuskontraktet, isärhållandet avkönen och hierarkin med mannen som norm, är grunden till analysen.Resultatet visar att traditionella könsnormer både konstrueras och reproduceras i läslärornastext och bild men i varierande mängd. Alla tre läsläror genomsyras av en mansnorm och dentydliga uppdelningen mellan barnen bidrar till ett upprätthållande av patriarkala strukturer.Huruvida läslärorna är förenliga med läroplanen är svårt att avgöra eftersom resultatet frånanalyserna inte är entydigt och läroplanen ger utrymme för en egen tolkning.

Nationella minoriteter i historieundervisningen : bilder av romer i Utbildningsradions program under perioden 1975-2013

In 2000 when Sweden signed the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities the Roma minority became one of the acknowledged national minorities in the country. It meant that the rights of the Roma mi-nority would be safeguarded and the knowledge of its history and culture would be spread. In that context, the Swedish school, with its founded as-signment of democracy, was given an important role. The education was to communicate the multicultural values of the society and to make visible the history and culture of the Roma minority. The school books used in teaching today do not meet these demands. The view of the Roma minority given in school books is often inadequate and simplified. The present study will therefore examine a different type of edu-cational material used in schools and teaching, The Swedish Educational Broadcasting Company‟s programs of history and social studies regarding the Roma minority. Starting in postcolonial theory as well as critical dis-course analysis the study examines how the picture of the Roma cultural and ethnic identity in the Swedish Educational Broadcasting Company‟s material has been displayed and possibly changed during the period of 1975 to 2013. The results show a picture of Roma which, both in form and content, con-sists of some clearly demarcated discursive categories. The obvious continui-ty of the categories gives a picture of static and invariable Roma identity. At the same time this unambiguous picture is broken both by giving the existing discourses new meaning and also adding new discourses. The complexity and nuances become more prominent and the Roma identity is integrated in common Swedish history telling. The changes in the view of Roma, given by the Swedish Educational Broadcasting Company, can mainly be explained by the change of the Swedish immigration and minority policy and, as a conse-quence of this, the change of the school‟s mission regarding knowledge communication of Sweden as a multicultural country.

Kritisk diskursanalys av Gy2011 med fokus på kulturkontexten : Politiska diskursers relation till svensk läroplansutveckling

This research aims to relate the modern Swedish curriculum development to the political discourses liberalization and European integration through a critical discourse analysis of the Swedish curriculum Gy2011. These political discourses constitute the cultural context of Gy2011, which according to critical discourse theory is synonymous with the terms social sphere or praxis. The term cultural context includes the environment in which the text has been created as well as its intertextuality – in this case its relations to earlier curricula. The analysis of Gy2011 exhumes scientific research done in the field of curriculum studies, which enables future research. The Gy2011 analysis shows that the political discourses liberalization and European integration stands out within the texts cultural context, and have done so for more than 70 years, a fact that is illustrated by an overview of Swedish curricula history. This research also illuminates how the liberalization discourse accelerated during the 1980’s, by both social democrats and the political right, and that the European integration process has gained momentum in recent years.

Professional and Non-Professional Written Travel Texts – Do They Have Common Features? : A Comparative Investigation on Travel Texts on Trysil, Norway

This study aims to investigate possible distinctions between professional and non-professional written travel texts all treating the same destination: the Norwegian ski resort Trysil. The study will investigate to what extent the different texts correlate with the genre of travel texts, as the travel texts are treated as personal narratives, and how they conform to a given structure for narratives and with guidelines for professional writers. Furthermore, the investigation aims to explore to what extent there are similarities and differences between the texts regarding the given structure. The texts will first be analysed and organized separately by macrorules and a news schema that are constructed specifically for these sorts of texts, in order to reveal their discourse structure, and then compared to each other. As the discourse structure of the different texts is revealed, it is seen that there are certain differences between the two different text types. Finally, seen that the text types differ in their structure, this study will show that despite the fact that journalists write stories, and that non-professional written stories are narratives, they do not share the same structure, and are constructed in different ways.

Escola pública e comunidade : relações em d'obras

Apresentamos neste trabalho um estudo sobre a processualidade das relações da escola pública com a comunidade, enfocando os agenciamentos que operam na constituição de diferentes modos de relação em uma instituição situada na região metropolitana de Porto Alegre. Sob os referenciais de Gilles Deleuze e Félix Guattari, procuramos pensar as relações como acontecimentos, efeitos de sentidos, agenciados coletivamente por instâncias heterogêneas que compõem o real social. Nosso problema se inscreve no âmbito do discurso e da subjetividade, partindo da hipótese de que é possível pensar as relações nas instituições, para além das representações individuais, para além das relações interpessoais, para além do pressuposto da reprodução social. Procuramos articular conhecimentos da Análise de Discurso na vertente Francesa com as discussões empreendidas por Deleuze e Guattari sobre uma Filosofia da Linguagem e uma Teoria da Subjetividade. Utilizamos o recurso cartográfico proposto por estes autores, trabalhando com os discursos produzidos no encontro da escola com a comunidade. Para tal acompanhamos as atividades de uma escola durante um ano, realizando entrevistas, observações, leitura de documentos, participando de reuniões e encontros festivos. Encontramos em nosso estudo algumas dobras das relações da escola com a comunidade, dobras que nos falam da sua complexidade, a qual temos deixado escapar, ao entendermos as relações, marcados pelo modo-indivíduo de subjetivação, que ganhou força desde a modernidade. Nossa cartografia registrou várias dobras, algumas um pouco mais intensas, como a dobra burocrática, a qual impede que outras forças possam ser potencializadas na escola. Procuramos aqui construir um modo de pensar as relações nas instituições, um pensar nas dobras, para regar um pouco o campo da Análise Institucional no âmbito da Psicologia e da Educação.

Análise crítica do discurso: exploração da temática

Este trabalho é uma extensa revisão bibliográfica para a criação de um quadro de referências sobre os temas discurso e análise crítica do discurso , para aplicação no campo dos estudos administrativos e organizacionais.

Responsabilidade corporativa: entre o social e o regulado estudo de um setor da siderurgia brasileira

Este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar as dimensões de responsabilidade corporativa "regulada" e a responsabilidade corporativa "social", explorando o conceito de responsabilidade social em relação às práticas de responsabilidade social e regulada, bem como sua aplicação no ramo siderúrgico brasileiro, especificamente nas seguintes empresas: Companhia Siderúrgica Nacional, CSN e Companhia Siderúrgica Paulista, COSIP A. Em linhas gerais, os resultados chamaram a atenção para o fato de que, em grande parte, o que se vem chamando de responsabilidade social, não passa do cumprimento às determinações legais. Dessa forma, entender a responsabilidade que as empresas têm para o desenvolvimento de uma sociedade requer verificar em que medida as organizações estão contribuindo para um desenvolvimento econômico e social, que leve em conta noções de sustentabilidade e que vão além das determinações pautadas pela legislação vigente. No tratamento dos dados coletados nas entrevistas utilizou-se análise do discurso como uma forma de entender as relações intertextuais e interdiscursivas, ou seja, compreender as disfuncionalidades entre o que se diz e o que se faz. Além disso, serviram de suporte para análise pesquisas documental e bibliográfica do tema em questão.

Desenvolvimento local, cidadania e arranjos produtivos locais: um estudo no estado do Rio de Janeiro

The aim of the present study was to verify how the participation and interaction of the local government public and private instittutions and civil society, might promote sustainable development, taking as a reference the Local Productive Arrangements (LPA) of Nova Friburgo and its Region. This work was conducted after a theoretical discussion concerning local development, citizenship, local development with citizenship and local productive arrangements. Afterwards, semi-structured interviews were realized with 32 citizens from five cities that were part of the Fashion Development Council, using the discourse analysis to data treatment. It was verified that the productive arrangement in the Centro-Norte Fluminense region of the Rio de Janeiro State has one of its main competitive advantages the pool of institutions, that articulate and support the underwear fashion sector. However, the APL presents many other characteristics making impossible to classify it as a cluster or an industrial district since there is still a need for cooperation among institutions and undertakers. In addition, there is no integration between the government instances and civil society in relation to the LPA development. So, it is concluded that there is a need for more union and dialogue among all of these involved actors, to overcome ¿bottle-necks¿ in the sector of underwear fashion in the region, such as informality of a huge number of companies and the low qualification of employees and undertakers.

Política de desenvolvimento e o setor de mineração: análise de discursos do governo do Peru no período de 1990 a 2009

Os estudos sobre desenvolvimento, sem dúvida, se mantiveram como um dos últimos bastiões do modernismo nas ciências sociais (Rapley, 2004). Muitos dos dilemas chave em estudos contemporâneos sobre desenvolvimento se centraram nas disjuntivas entre inovação teórica, política e prática (Simon, 2003). No entanto, a discussão que envolve a relação entre desenvolvimento e mineração, que interessa neste estudo, ainda permanece acrítica dentro da literatura dominante. Segundo Graulau (2008), o tema de mineração encontra-se num vaivém entre o favoritismo e a oposição. O estudo sob o ponto de vista normativo da mineração no campo de desenvolvimento mostra a mentalidade econômica de longa data que prevalece nesse campo. No Peru as reformas neoliberais implantadas desde a década 1990 têm promovido fortemente o setor de mineração. Os investimentos nacionais e estrangeiros, o volume das exportações e impostos certamente têm influenciado favoravelmente na economia em termos macroeconômicos, obtendo quantidades consideráveis de divisas (UNCTAD, 2008). Não obstante, a grande mineração parece não ter beneficiado as comunidades envolvidas com a extração de minérios (Barrantes, 2005; Glave e Kuramoto, 2007; Zegarra; Orihuela e Paredes, 2007). A quantidade e gravidade dos conflitos que vem acontecendo evidenciam a resistência ao setor, frente à ação discursiva do Estado peruano sobre o “desenvolvimento” que assegura o que a mineração traz. Neste contexto este estudo tem como objetivo analisar as práticas discursivas das políticas de mineração peruana em relação a construção do discurso de desenvolvimento no período compreendido entre 1990-2009. Com esse objetivo, foi necessário abordar primeiramente as principais teorias sobre desenvolvimento, mineração e mineração no Peru. No que diz respeito à metodologia o presente estudo utilizou duas técnicas de análise: a Análise Crítica de Discurso, baseado no método tridimensional proposto por Fairclough (2001), para realizar a análise de três discursos de representantes da política de mineração peruana, a segunda abordagem utiliza a Análise de Conteúdo de Bardin (2009), para examinar os artigos relacionados à política de mineração entre as principais revistas especializadas do setor–Mineria e Desde Adentro. Foram utilizadas também categorias de análise constantes e convergentes ao conceito de desenvolvimento para orientar a presente pesquisa. Finalmente as conclusões sugerem que as políticas de mineração reproduzidas pelas autoridades do Estado peruano introduziram práticas discursivas sobre desenvolvimento sustentável e que essas se mantêm relacionadas com as novas ordens de discurso: Responsabilidade Social, Minerção Sustentável, Mineração moderna, Gestão ambiental.