Legends in culture : culture in legends

Kirja-arvio

Kommunistskräck, konservativ reaktion eller medveten bondepolitik? : svenskösterbottniska bönder inför Lapporörelsen 1930

Jag har studerat varför en grupp bönder i Svenskösterbotten valde att sympatisera med Lapporörelsen sommaren 1930. Tidigare forskning har främst fokuserat på antikommunismen som den huvudsakliga orsaken till att folk valde att ta ställning för Lapporörelsen. Jag har dock sökt kompletterande förklaringar utöver antikommunismen till att svenskösterbottniska bönder visade sympatier för Lapporörelsen genom att delta i bondetåget och förorda så kallade fosterländska valförbund inför riksdagsvalet 1930. Hela Svenskösterbotten utgör den region som studeras, men i studien gör jag mikrohistoriska djupdykningar i kommunerna Närpes och Korsholm för att belysa vilka lokala faktorer som inverkade på en persons inställning till Lapporörelsen. Kommunismen hade få anhängare på den svenskösterbottniska landsbygden där över 90 procent av väljarna röstade på Svenska Folkpartiet (SFP). Eftersom det saknades en organiserad arbetarrörelse blev ett ställningstagande för Lapporörelsen istället en konservativ reaktion mot andra nya religiösa och politiska organisationer som uppfattades som oppositionella och som i avsaknad av kommunister fick symbolisera omoralen i samhället. Sådana rörelser var Fredsrörelsen och frikyrkorna och på orter där dessa fanns var ett ställningstagande för Lapporörelsen till en del en konservativ reaktion mot dessa. Den lappovänliga front som uppstod i Svenskösterbotten skapades bland bönderna inom Bondeförbundet, som var en konservativ högerfraktion inom SFP. Det främsta motståndet mot Lapporörelsen fanns inom Allmogeförbundet, som var en liberal vänsterfraktion inom SFP. Den viktigaste frågan för Bondeförbundet var kravet på höga importtullar på spannmål. Inom Bondeförbundet fanns en befogad oro för att spannmålsodling var olönsam i Finland på grund av billig importsäd. I min studie visar jag att ett fosterländskt valförbund skulle ha bidragit till att mera högerinriktade kandidaterna inom de borgerliga partierna som var för Lapporörelsen och för en protektionistisk jordbrukspolitik skulle ha blivit invalda i riksdagen. Det fanns således även agrarpolitiska motiv bakom Bondeförbundets ställningstagande för Lapporörelsen.

Vuoden 1812 tapahtumat mikrohistorian näkökulmasta

Kirjallisuusarvostelu

Tutkimuseettisistä kysymyksistä ja "skandaalista Ankkalammessa" : puheenvuoro

Vastine Sven-Erik Klinkmannin artikkeliin Forskning som förstärker stereotypisering: en kritisk diskussion om forskningsetik i Riie Heikkiläs avhandling Bättre folk, bättre smak? Suomenruotsalaisten maku ja kulttuuripääoma” (Elore 2/2012, s. 93-118).

Folkloristiikan keskukset ja marginaalit

The 16th Congress of the International Society for Folk Narrative Research. Folk Narrative in the Modern World: Unity and Diversity. Vilna, Liettua. 25.-30.6.2013.

The developmental anatomy of the subterranean system in Mandevilla illustris (Vell.) Woodson and M. velutina (Mart. ex Stadelm.) Woodson (Apocynaceae)

Two species of Mandevilla from the savanna area of São Paulo State, Brazil were studied. These species have been prescribed as folk medicine as infusions or alcoholic extracts of the underground system for treatment of venomous snake bites. To explain the morphological nature of such a system, its ontogeny was described to determine which parts are involved in its formation. In both Mandevilla species examined, the underground system consists of a xylopodium whose basal region joins a tuberous root.

Kuoleman kasvot

Kirjallisuusarvostelu

Morphology and histochemistry of glandular trichomes of Cordia verbenacea DC. (Boraginaceae) leaves

The objective of this work was to study, using light and fluorescence microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, the morphology and secretory products of glandular trichomes of Cordia verbenacea DC. (Boraginaceae), known as 'baleeira', a species used in folk medicine as anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-ulcerogenic and healing agent. Two classes of glandular trichomes were recognized, globular and reniform. A morphological study of the secretory head and the characterization of the secretory product are also presented. Secretory products of globular trichomes consisted of essential oils, whereas reniform trichomes consisted basically of phenolic compounds such as flavonoids. No pre-established regions for releasing secretory products were found.

Effects of terpineol on the compound action potential of the rat sciatic nerve

Terpineol, a volatile terpenoid alcohol of low toxicity, is widely used in the perfumery industry. It is an important chemical constituent of the essential oil of many plants with widespread applications in folk medicine and in aromatherapy. The effects of terpineol on the compound action potential (CAP) of rat sciatic nerve were studied. Terpineol induced a dose-dependent blockade of the CAP. At 100 µM, terpineol had no demonstrable effect. At 300 µM terpineol, peak-to-peak amplitude and conduction velocity of CAP were significantly reduced at the end of 180-min exposure of the nerve to the drug, from 3.28 ± 0.22 mV and 33.5 ± 7.05 m/s, respectively, to 1.91 ± 0.51 mV and 26.2 ± 4.55 m/s. At 600 µM, terpineol significantly reduced peak-to-peak amplitude and conduction velocity from 2.97 ± 0.55 mV and 32.8 ± 3.91 m/s to 0.24 ± 0.23 mV and 2.72 ± 2.72 m/s, respectively (N = 5). All these effects developed slowly and were reversible upon 180-min washout.

Antinociceptive effects of the essential oil of Croton zehntneri in mice

Croton zehntneri is an aromatic plant native to Northeastern Brazil, where it is often used in folk medicine. In the present study the antinociceptive effects of the essential oil of Croton zehntneri (EOCz) were evaluated in mice. EOCz administered orally at doses of 100 and 300 mg/kg reduced paw licking time in the second phase of the formalin test from the control value of 41.61 ± 8.62 to 12.01 ± 7.97 and 6.57 ± 3.42 s, respectively. During the first phase of the formalin test only 300 mg/kg induced a significant alteration (from 58.2 ± 7.02, control, to 28.7 ± 4.73 s). The number of contortions in response to intraperitoneal injections of acetic acid did not differ significantly between controls (80.6 ± 9.01) and experimental (300 mg/kg body weight) animals (89.1 ± 9.53% of the control numbers; P > or = 0.05, Student t-test). In the hot-plate test, EOCz at doses > or = 100 mg/kg significantly increased the latency time with respect to controls (11.2 ± 0.80). At 100 and 300 mg/kg this increase persisted for 180 and 240 min, respectively. The data show that EOCz is effective as an antinociceptive agent.

Antinociceptive effects of the essential oil of Croton nepetaefolius on mice

Croton nepetaefolius Baill., is an aromatic plant native to the northeast of Brazil where it is extensively used in folk medicine as a sedative, orexigen and antispasmodic agent. In the present study the antinociceptive effects of the essential oil of C. nepetaefolius (EOCn), administered orally, were evaluated in male Swiss mice (20-25 g). In the acetic acid-induced writhing test, EOCn (100 and 300 mg/kg; N = 14 and N = 12, respectively) was effective at the highest dose. In the hot-plate test, EOCn at 30 and 300 mg/kg, but not at 3 mg/kg, significantly increased the latency at all observation times up to the 180th min (N = 12 for each dose). In the formalin test, EOCn significantly reduced paw licking in the second phase of the test at 100 mg/kg (N = 12), but decreased it in both phases at 300 mg/kg (N = 12). At 30 mg/kg, the effect of EOCn did not differ from control values in either phase of the formalin test (N = 6). Pretreatment with naloxone (5 mg/kg, ip) significantly reversed the analgesic effect of morphine (5 mg/kg, sc) on both phases, but not that of EOCn at 300 mg/kg (N = 6) on both phases of the formalin test. The data show that orally administered EOCn promotes a dose-dependent antinociceptive effect whose mechanisms remain to be elucidated.

Evaluation of the antiedematogenic activity of artemetin isolated from Cordia curassavica DC

The species Cordia curassavica (Boraginaceae), known popularly as "erva baleeira", is used in folk medicine for the treatment of several inflammatory processes and as a healing agent. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the antiedematogenic activity of crude dichloromethane extracts of Cordia curassavica and of the artemetin-enriched fraction. The crude extract and artemetin fraction were tested in the model of carrageenin-induced paw edema in male Swiss mice (25-30 g). The crude dichloromethane extract (300 and 1000 mg/kg, po, N = 6) showed significant antiedematogenic activity, reducing the edema by 42, 57 and 45% and 46, 62 and 69%, 3, 4 and 5 h after carrageenin administration, respectively. Indomethacin (10 mg/kg, po, N = 6) reduced the edema by 45 and 48%, after 4 and 5 h, but the artemetin-enriched fraction (30, 100 and 300 mg/kg, po, N = 6) had no activity. The dichloromethane extract (300 and 1000 mg/kg, po, N = 6) also showed antinociceptive activity by reducing acetic acid-induced writhing in mice from 37.1 ± 2.28 (control) to 17.3 ± 1.34 and 13.2 ± 1.44, respectively, but had no activity in the hot-plate test.