Tr��s ensaios em economia aplicada

A tese �� constitu��da por tr��s artigos: ���Regula����o ��tima de Pescarias com Imperfeito Enforcement dos Direitos de Propriedade���, ���Estima����o de um Modelo Generalizado de Pesca��� e ���Fatores Condicionantes da Reincid��ncia Criminal no Chile���. No Capitulo 1, num contexto de enforcement imperfeito e custoso dos direitos de propriedade, �� desenvolvido um modelo bioecon��mico para determinar a captura ��tima na explora����o de recursos hidrobiol��gicos. Os resultados mostram que: (i) o stock do recurso em estado estacion��rio �� menor quando o enforcement �� imperfeito e custoso que quando �� perfeito e sem custo, (ii) se o stock do recurso em estado estacion��rio com enforcement perfeito e sem custo �� menor ao de m��ximo rendimento sustent��vel, ent��o a quota de captura ��tima com enforcement imperfeito e custoso �� menor �� respetiva quota quando o enforcement �� perfeito e sem custo, e (iii) o stock do recurso em estado estacion��rio com enforcement imperfeito e custoso �� maior ao stock do recurso quando a pescaria �� de livre acesso. Contudo a gest��o ��tima dos recursos pesqueiros requer o conhecimento dos seus par��metros bioecon��micos, por��m implementar estudos para obter informa����o do stock do recurso �� muito custoso e est�� sujeito a erros de mensura����o. Assim, no Capitulo 2 s��o estimados os par��metros bioecon��micos para a captura de anchoveta peruana. A metodologia baseia-se em Zhang e Smith (2011). Os par��metros bioecon��micos s��o obtidos a traves de uma estima����o econom��trica em dois est��gios utilizando dados microecon��micos associadas ��s embarca����es que contam com permiss��o para capturar anchoveta. O m��todo do bootstrap �� utilizado para corrigir os erros padr��o das estimativas obtidas pela metodologia em dois est��gios. Os par��metros estimados s��o utilizados para o stock ��timo e a captura ��tima de anchoveta em estado estacion��rio. Assim mesmo, comparar-se o stock ��timo com o stock observado conclui-se que a pescaria da anchoveta peruana tem estado continuamente sujeita �� sobre-explora����o. Por ��ltimo o Capitulo 3 �� um esfor��o por estudar os fatores de reincid��ncia criminal no Chile, uma ��rea de pesquisa que tem sido escassamente explorada em Am��rica Latina, embora da sua import��ncia na agenda p��blica e dada a cren��a da sociedade chilena que a criminalidade �� explicada fundamentalmente por criminais reincidentes. A aproxima����o escolhida no presente estudo analisa a reincid��ncia a partir da imputa����o. Para estudar os determinantes a reincid��ncia, utiliza-se um modelo econom��trico bin��rio, o modelo Probit, que permite analisar como a idade, sexo, e o tipo de delitos cometidos, afetam a probabilidade de reincid��ncia. Observa-se que na maior dos casos os estimadores apresentam o sinal esperado.

O dinheiro p��blico pelo ralo: ensaios em gest��o e corrup����o

A gest��o eficiente do recurso p��blico tem se colocado como um importante tema tanto para a academia quanto para os gestores p��blicos. O papel de destaque da fun����o alocativa do Estado, em conjunto com o aumento das demandas da popula����o, tem al��ado tal tema a alto grau de relev��ncia. Para contribuir com esse debate, o objetivo principal desta tese �� entender o desperd��cio do recurso e suas nuances. Nesse contexto, os processos de contrata����o por parte do Estado e a ocorr��ncia de corrup����o s��o dois assuntos em alta e que carecem de maior aprofundamento, e �� sobre eles que me debru��o para cumprir os objetivos tra��ados. Assim, a presente tese foi organizada contendo tr��s artigos in��ditos. Cada um deles se dedica a um aspecto espec��fico, identificado dentro das teorias que permeiam o debate no contexto da administra����o p��blica e governo. O primeiro artigo tem como objetivo analisar a pertin��ncia na realiza����o de processos licitat��rios. Partindo dos pressupostos da teoria dos leil��es, que destacam a rela����o entre o aumento da concorr��ncia e a diminui����o dos pre��os praticados pelos licitantes,o estudo adiciona �� literatura sobre o tema aspectos como os custos de transa����o e os problemas relacionados �� defini����o do fornecedor, baseada no pre��o como crit��rio ��nico. O segundo artigo aborda a rela����o existente entre a economia obtida na etapa de licita����o e as modifica����es realizadas no contrato durante a sua execu����o. Esse artigo conta com o subs��dio da literatura que aponta as dificuldades em se desenhar contratos completos e que considera a possibilidade de os licitantes se valerem da assimetria de informa����o para tra��ar suas estrat��gias. A essa utiliza����o se d�� o nome de jogo de planilha e �� sobre tal ponto que o segundo trabalho versa. No terceiro artigo, a tem��tica abordada �� a corrup����o, e o objetivo do mesmo �� verificar a poss��vel associa����o entre a corrup����o e os indicadores de sa��de p��blica nos munic��pios. Se apoiando na literatura que destaca a rela����o negativa entre a corrup����o e os indicadores sociais, eu testo se tal quest��o, se tal padr��o de associa����o se repete nos indicadores municipais de sa��de dos munic��pios. Os resultados encontrados suscitam alguns debates e acrescentam ao estado da arte quest��es ainda n��o levantadas. Entre essas quest��es, destaca-se a associa����o entre a realiza����o de processos licitat��rios e pre��os, em m��dia, mais altos. Outra quest��o importante diz respeito aos fatores relacionados ��s modifica����es dos contratos, n��o encontrando evid��ncias emp��ricas que demonstrem a exist��ncia do chamado jogo de planilha. Por fim, esse ��ltimo artigo destaca a rela����o entre a corrup����o e os indicadores socioecon��micos, demonstrando, entre outros aspectos, a correla����o da corrup����o com os indicadores em sentido oposto para determinados indicadores. Espera-se que esta tese estimule pesquisas mais aprofundadas, envolvendo as tem��ticas aqui abordadas, idealmente, dando contribui����es para a melhoria da gest��o p��blica no Brasil, em que pese a import��ncia dos processos de compras p��blicas e a rela����o entre a corrup����o e os indicadores de sa��de.

Avalia����o da fidedignidade dos ensaios de ester��ides fecais realizados no Laborat��rio de Medidas Hormonais do Departamento de Fisiologia da UFRN

NASCIMENTO, H. G. ; FERNANDES, L. C. ; SOUSA, M. B. C. . Avalia����o da fidedignidade dos ensaios de ester��ides fecais realizados no Laborat��rio de Medidas Hormonais do Departamento de Fisiologia da UFRN. Publica , v. 2, p. 39-48, 2006.

O tema no processo criativo da asmarias companhia de teatro

Seted in the context of the educational actions of Casa Renascer, a non-governmental organization, located in Natal city, which had as its primary purpose the care with children and adolescent girls in vulnerable situations, this research is based on describing and analysis on the topic in the creative process developed by Asmarias Theatre Company from 1993 to 2003, a process that culminated in the assembly of the dramatic text, Mateus e Mateusa, of Qorpo-Santo. In this research is focused on the route of the Theatre Company has done so much theater in its early history (1993), with the practice of reading and dramatic writing in the preparation of didactic material called Primer of Inventions, as in the procedures with theater street and forum theater (1997 to 2000) to the reunion in 2001 of seven teenagers which articulated the last group formation next to the assembly's text Qorpo-Santo (2002- 2003). During the development on this learning, the evolution of the creative process based on institutional theme when asked if one can provide moments of educational experiences through the traditional form of theater, with reference to the issues inherent in the dramatic texts considered classics. The debate on the issue through research and analysis in its descriptions and finds in the interim between his past and present indications that lead to conclusive guises. The methodology, which is guided by research, is based in theatrical archeology (PAVIS, 2005), the evidential paradigm (GINZBURG, 1989) and the second approaches the experiences narrated by Benjamin (1985). We selected documents in formats of written texts, photographic and filmed, and identified in these files, marks and tracks which took us to understand the subject in the creative process of Asmarias Theatre Company during the tests with the dramatic text, Mateus and Mateusa, of Qorpo-Santo. In this theatrical practice, located in the field of the theater pedagogy, it appears that the actions across thematic theater in the Casa Renascer and allowed the formation of critical aesthetic perspective and personal social dimension of the subjects involved. The theme has gained a significant proportion in the theatrical activity as a guiding point of the creative process of Theatre Company, taking in the theatrical art form. In this sense, the creative process with the dramatic and classic texts won the educational dimension to address the issue in the movement of the drama as the focus of individual creation which added to the collective universe of the interactive game

Simula����o do escoamento monof��sico em um est��gio de uma bomba centr��fuga utilizando t��cnicas de fluidodin��mica computacional

Oil production and exploration techniques have evolved in the last decades in order to increase fluid flows and optimize how the required equipment are used. The base functioning of Electric Submersible Pumping (ESP) lift method is the use of an electric downhole motor to move a centrifugal pump and transport the fluids to the surface. The Electric Submersible Pumping is an option that has been gaining ground among the methods of Artificial Lift due to the ability to handle a large flow of liquid in onshore and offshore environments. The performance of a well equipped with ESP systems is intrinsically related to the centrifugal pump operation. It is the pump that has the function to turn the motor power into Head. In this present work, a computer model to analyze the three-dimensional flow in a centrifugal pump used in Electric Submersible Pumping has been developed. Through the commercial program, ANSYS�� CFX��, initially using water as fluid flow, the geometry and simulation parameters have been defined in order to obtain an approximation of what occurs inside the channels of the impeller and diffuser pump in terms of flow. Three different geometry conditions were initially tested to determine which is most suitable to solving the problem. After choosing the most appropriate geometry, three mesh conditions were analyzed and the obtained values were compared to the experimental characteristic curve of Head provided by the manufacturer. The results have approached the experimental curve, the simulation time and the model convergence were satisfactory if it is considered that the studied problem involves numerical analysis. After the tests with water, oil was used in the simulations. The results were compared to a methodology used in the petroleum industry to correct viscosity. In general, for models with water and oil, the results with single-phase fluids were coherent with the experimental curves and, through three-dimensional computer models, they are a preliminary evaluation for the analysis of the two-phase flow inside the channels of centrifugal pump used in ESP systems

Digestibilidade da Mat��ria Seca, Prote��na Bruta e Energia Bruta da Silagem de Milho associada ao Concentrado, por meio de ensaios in vivo e in vitro

A study was made to compare dry matter, crude protein and gross energy digestibility of corn silage, associated to concentrate, through in vitro and in vivo digestion techniques. A completely randomized design was used, with two treatments and nine replications, involving three assays. The in vivo digestion assay was conducted with 12 Holstein heifers, on a 24 h permanent sample collection. The in vitro digestion assay was achieved with three collection methods: manual (M), vacuum pump (VP) and nasoesophagic (N). The collection methods VP and M can he used to determine the dry matter digestibility, instead of in vivo method, for the present study ration. The digestion methods influenced the DM, CP and GE digestibility for the studied ration.

Um estudo sobre a concep����o de paradoxo segundo o pensamento de Augustus de Morgan

This work aims to analyze the concept of "paradox" posed in the work of The Budget Paradox (1872) of mathematical and logical English Augustus De Morgan (1806-1871). Here it is important to note that a large part of this book consists of re-prints of a series of writings by the author in journal Athenaeum, where its performance as auditor of literature. The tests refer to some scientific work produced between the years 1489 and 1866 and the rules of selection for the composition of the work is, basically, the methodological aspects used in the completion or disclosed by such scholars. The concept of paradox is presented in two distinct moments. At first, we found a study of definitions for the term in a philosophical approach, characterizing it as something that requires further investigation; which was complemented with the classic examples of a scientific context. In the second, we present a concept advocated by De Morgan and, under this perspective, that he conceptualized the "paradox" is directly related to the non-usual methods employed in the formulation of new scientific theories. In this study some of these scientific concepts are detailed, where, through the redemption history, engaging in issues of our study Mathematics, Physics, of Logic, among others. Possession of the preliminary analysis and comparison with the design of De Morgan, it became possible to diagnose some limitations in the conceptualization suggested by the author. Further, evidenced, in front of the cases, the nonlinearity of the process of production of knowledge and hence the progress of science

Avalia����o de indicadores internos em ensaios de digestibilidade

Funda����o de Amparo �� Pesquisa do Estado de S��o Paulo (FAPESP)

Desenvolvimento de circuitos planares sobre substratos t��xteis

The use of flexible materials for the development of planar circuits is one of the most desired and studied characteristics, lately, by researchers. This happens because the flexibility of the substrate can provide previously impracticable applications, due to the rigidity of the substrates normally used that makes it difficult to fit into the circuits in irregular surfaces. The constant interest in recent years for more lighter devices, increasingly more compacts, flexible and with low cost, led to a new line of research of great interest from both academic and technological views, that is the study and development of textile substrates that can be applied in the development of planar circuits, for applications in the areas of security, biomedical and telecommunications. This paper proposes the development of planar circuits, such as antennas , frequency selective surfaces (FSS) and planar filters, using textile (cotton ticking, jeans and brim santista) as the dielectric substrate and the Pure Copper Polyester Taffeta Fabric, a textile of pure copper, highly conductive, lightweight and flexible, commercially sold as a conductive material. The electrical characteristics of textiles (electric permittivity and loss tangent) were characterized using the transmission line method (rectangular waveguide) and compared with those found in the literature. The structures were analyzed using commercial software Ansoft Designer and Ansoft HFSS, both from the company Ansys and for comparison we used the Iterative Method of Waves (WCIP). For the purpose of validation were built and measured several prototypes of antennas, planar filters and FSS, being possible to confirm an excellent agreement between simulated and measured results

Simula����o computacional da intera����o fluido-estrutura em bombas de cavidades progressivas

The pumping through progressing cavities system has been more and more employed in the petroleum industry. This occurs because of its capacity of elevation of highly viscous oils or fluids with great concentration of sand or other solid particles. A Progressing Cavity Pump (PCP) consists, basically, of a rotor - a metallic device similar to an eccentric screw, and a stator - a steel tube internally covered by a double helix, which may be rigid or deformable/elastomeric. In general, it is submitted to a combination of well pressure with the pressure generated by the pumping process itself. In elastomeric PCPs, this combined effort compresses the stator and generates, or enlarges, the clearance existing between the rotor and the stator, thus reducing the closing effect between their cavities. Such opening of the sealing region produces what is known as fluid slip or slippage, reducing the efficiency of the PCP pumping system. Therefore, this research aims to develop a transient three-dimensional computational model that, based on single-lobe PCP kinematics, is able to simulate the fluid-structure interaction that occurs in the interior of metallic and elastomeric PCPs. The main goal is to evaluate the dynamic characteristics of PCP s efficiency based on detailed and instantaneous information of velocity, pressure and deformation fields in their interior. To reach these goals (development and use of the model), it was also necessary the development of a methodology for generation of dynamic, mobile and deformable, computational meshes representing fluid and structural regions of a PCP. This additional intermediary step has been characterized as the biggest challenge for the elaboration and running of the computational model due to the complex kinematic and critical geometry of this type of pump (different helix angles between rotor and stator as well as large length scale aspect ratios). The processes of dynamic generation of meshes and of simultaneous evaluation of the deformations suffered by the elastomer are fulfilled through subroutines written in Fortan 90 language that dynamically interact with the CFX/ANSYS fluid dynamic software. Since a structural elastic linear model is employed to evaluate elastomer deformations, it is not necessary to use any CAE package for structural analysis. However, an initial proposal for dynamic simulation using hyperelastic models through ANSYS software is also presented in this research. Validation of the results produced with the present methodology (mesh generation, flow simulation in metallic PCPs and simulation of fluid-structure interaction in elastomeric PCPs) is obtained through comparison with experimental results reported by the literature. It is expected that the development and application of such a computational model may provide better details of the dynamics of the flow within metallic and elastomeric PCPs, so that better control systems may be implemented in the artificial elevation area by PCP

Mecanismos de desgaste de poliuretano em ensaios de microabras��o

Wear mechanisms and thermal history of two non-conforming sliding surfaces was investigated in laboratory. A micro-abrasion testing setup was used but the traditional rotative sphere method was substituted by a cylindrical surface of revolution which included seven sharp angles varying between 15o to 180o. The micro-abrasion tests lead to the investigation on the polyurethane response at different contact pressures. For these turned counterfaces with and without heat treatment. Normal load and sliding speeds were changed. The sliding distance was fixed at 5 km in each test. The room and contact temperatures were measured during the tests. The polyurethane was characterized using tensile testing, hardness Shore A measurement, Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Thermomechanical Analyze (TMA). The Vickers micro-hardness of the steel was measured before and after the heat treatment and the metallographic characterization was also carried out. Worn surface of polyurethane was analysed using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and EDS (Electron Diffraction Scanning) microanalyses. Single pass scratch testing in polyurethane using indenters with different contact angles was also carried out. The scar morphology of the wear, the wear mechanism and the thermal response were analyzed in order to correlate the conditions imposed by the pressure-velocity pair to the materials in contact. Eight different wear mechanisms were identified on the polyurethane surface. It was found correlation between the temperature variation and the wear scar morphology.

Ensaios de tratabilidade aplicados a determina����o de par��metros para dimensionamento de processos de tratamento de ��gua de manancial eutrofizado

Eutrophication is a growing process present in the water sources located in the northeast of Brazil. Among the main consequences of these changes in trophic levels of a water source, stands out adding complexity to the treatment to achieve water standards. By these considerations, this study aimed to define, on a laboratory scale, products and operational conditions to be applied in the processing steps using raw water from Gargalheiras dam, RN, Brazil. The dam mentioned shows a high number of cyanobacteria, with a concentration of cells / ml higher than that established by Decree No. 518/04 MS. The same source was also considered by the state environmental agency in 2009 as hypereutrophic. The static tests developed in this research simulated direct filtration (laboratory filters) and pre-oxidation with chlorine and powdered activated carbon adsorption. The research included the evaluation of the coagulants aluminum hydrochloride (HCA) and alum (SA). The development of the research investigated the conditions for rapid mixing, the dosages of coagulants and pHs of coagulation by the drawing of diagrams. The interference of filtration rate and particle size of filtering means were evaluated as samples and the time of contact were tested with chlorine and activated carbon. By the results of the characterization of the raw water source it was possible to identify the presence of a high pH (7.34). The true color was significant (29 uH) in relation to the apparent color and turbidity (66 uH and 13.60 NTU), reflecting in the measurement of organic matter: MON (8.41 mg.L-1) and Abs254 (0.065 cm-1). The optimization of quick mix set time of 17", the speed gradient of 700 s-1 in the coagulation with HCA and the time of 20" with speed gradient of 800 s-1 for SA. The smaller particle sizes of sand filtering means helped the treatment and the variation in filtration rate did not affect significantly the efficiency of the process. The evaluation of the processing steps found adjustment in standard color and turbidity of the Decree n�� 518/04 MS, taking in consideration the average values found in raw water. In the treatment using the HCA for direct filtration the palatable pattern based on the apparent color can be achieved with a dose of 25 mg L-1. With the addition of pre-oxidation step, the standard result was achieved with a reduced dose for 12 mgHCA.L-1. The turbidity standard for water was obtained by direct filtration when the dose exceeds 25 mg L-1 of HCA. With pre-oxidation step there is the possibility of reducing the dose to 20 mg L-1.The addition of CAP adsorption, promoted drinking water for both parameters, with even lower dosage, 13 mg L-1 of HCA. With coagulation using SA removal required for the parameter of apparent color it was achieved with pre-oxidation and 22 mgSA.L-1. Despite the satisfactory results of treatment with the alum, it was not possible to provide water with turbidity less than 1.00 NTU even with the use of all stages of treatment

Avalia����o de clones de borracha natural crua por ensaios padr��o e an��lise din��mico-mec��nica

Funda����o de Amparo �� Pesquisa do Estado de S��o Paulo (FAPESP)