The Levels of mathematics achievement : initial performance standards for the 1990 NAEP mathematics assessment /

"November 1991"--Vol. 3.

Elementary lessons in historical English grammar containing accidence and word-formation.

Contains "A Catalogue of Educational Books published by Macmillan & Co., Bedford Street, Strand, London", December, 1887.

Airman's manual for drill and formation;

Mode of access: Internet.

Arp2/3 activity is necessary for efficient formation of E-cadherin adhesive contacts

Classical cadherin adhesion molecules are fundamental determinants of cell-cell recognition that function in cooperation with the actin cytoskeleton. Productive cadherin-based cell recognition is characterized by a distinct morphological process of contact zone extension, where limited initial points of adhesion are progressively expanded into broad zones of contact. We recently demonstrated that E-cadherin ligation recruits the Arp2/3 actin nucleator complex to the plasma membrane in regions where cell contacts are undergoing protrusion and extension. This suggested that Arp2/3 might generate the protrusive forces necessary for cell surfaces to extend upon one another during contact assembly. We tested this hypothesis in mammalian cells by exogenously expressing the CA region of N-WASP. This fragment, which potently inhibits Arp2/3-mediated actin assembly in vitro, also effectively reduced actin assembly at cadherin adhesive contacts. Blocking Arp2/3 activity by this strategy profoundly reduced the ability of cells to extend cadherin adhesive contacts but did not affect cell adhesiveness. These findings demonstrate that Arp2/3 activity is necessary for cells to efficiently extend and assemble cadherin-based adhesive contacts.

Hydrothermal Synthesis of Layered Double Hydroxides (LDHs) from Mixed MgO and Al2O3: LDH Formation Mechanism

The formation of MgA1 layered double hydroxide (LDH) from physically mixed MgO and Al2O3 oxides upon hydrothermal treatment has been extensively investigated, and a formation mechanism has been proposed. We observed that the formation of LDH from the oxide mixture occurs upon heating at 110 degreesC. In general, LDH is the major component while the minor phases are mainly determined by the initial pH of the oxide suspension as well as the MgO/Al2O3 ratio. The neutrality in the initial suspension results in a minor Mg(OH)(2) as the impure phase, while the alkalinity in the suspension keeps some MgO unreacted throughout the whole hydrothermal treatment. We suggest that MgO and Al2O3 be hydrated into Mg(OH)(2) and Al(OH)(3), respectively, in the initial stage for all samples. We further Suggest that in the neutral condition Mg(OH)2 be quickly dissociated to Mg2+ and OH- which then deposit on the surface of Al(OH)(3)/Al2O3 to form a M-Al pre-LDH material. Al(OH)(4)(-), ionized from Al(OH)(3) in the basic solution, deposits on the surface of Mg(OH)(2)/MgO to result in a similar MgAl pre-LDH material. Such a pre-LDH material is then well crystallized upon continuous heating via the diffusion of metal ions in the solid lattice. Such a dissociation-deposition-diffusion mechanism via two pathways has been supported by the phase composition, morphological features of crystallites, and [Mg]/[Al] ratios on the crystallite surface. and presumably applied to the general formation of LDHs with various synthetic methods. Such as coprecipitation, homogeneous preparation, and reconstruction.

Effect of initial disturbance amplitude in gravity affected jet break-up

The initial disturbance amplitude has an effect on stretching jets that is not observed for capillary jet instability where gravitational acceleration is not significant. For inviscid and viscous fluids, gravity diminishes the effect that the initial amplitude has on jet length and its ability to prevent satellite formation. In stretching jets, not only the dimensionless frequency of the disturbance but also its initial amplitude must be known to properly study their satellite forming nature. Indirect methods of relating the applied disturbance energy to an initial velocity perturbation are not simple when the gravity parameter G is changing. When G A 0, the optimum disturbance frequency Omega(opt) and the initial disturbance amplitude are related, with Omega(opt) proportional to f (G) x In(1 /epsilon(nu)). Results from numerical simulations and experiments are presented here. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Simulation of the cake formation and growth in cake filtration

A computer model was developed to simulate the cake formation and growth in cake filtration at an individual particle level. The model was shown to be able to generate structural information and quantify the cake thickness, average cake solidosity, filtrate volume, filtrate flowrate for constant pressure filtration or pressure drop across the filter unit for constant rate filtration as a function of filtration time. The effects of particle size distribution and key operational variables such as initial filtration flowrate, maximum pressure drop and initial solidosity were examined based on the simulated results. They are qualitatively comparable to those observed in physical experiments. The need for further development in simulation was also discussed. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

A pragmatic 2 × 2 × 2 factorial cluster randomized controlled trial of educational outreach visiting and case conferencing in palliative care—methodology of the Palliative Care Trial [ISRCTN 81117481]

The demand for palliative care is increasing, yet there are few data on the best models of care nor well-validated interventions that translate current evidence into clinical practice. Supporting multidisciplinary patient-centered palliative care while successfully conducting a large clinical trial is a challenge. The Palliative Care Trial (PCT) is a pragmatic 2 x 2 x 2 factorial cluster randomized controlled trial that tests the ability of educational outreach visiting and case conferencing to improve patient-based outcomes such as performance status and pain intensity. Four hundred sixty-one consenting patients and their general practitioners (GPs) were randomized to the following: (1) GP educational outreach visiting versus usual care, (2) Structured patient and caregiver educational outreach visiting versus usual care and (3) A coordinated palliative care model of case conferencing versus the standard model of palliative care in Adelaide, South Australia (3:1 randomization). Main outcome measures included patient functional status over time, pain intensity, and resource utilization. Participants were followed longitudinally until death or November 30, 2004. The interventions are aimed at translating current evidence into clinical practice and there was particular attention in the trial's design to addressing common pitfalls for clinical studies in palliative care. Given the need for evidence about optimal interventions and service delivery models that improve the care of people with life-limiting illness, the results of this rigorous, high quality clinical trial will inform practice. Initial results are expected in mid 2005. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

The survey for ionization in neutral gas galaxies. I. Description and initial results

We introduce the Survey for Ionization in Neutral Gas Galaxies (SINGG), a census of star formation in H I selected galaxies. The survey consists of H alpha and R-band imaging of a sample of 468 galaxies selected from the H I Parkes All Sky Survey (HIPASS). The sample spans three decades in H I mass and is free of many of the biases that affect other star-forming galaxy samples. We present the criteria for sample selection, list the entire sample, discuss our observational techniques, and describe the data reduction and calibration methods. This paper focuses on 93 SINGG targets whose observations have been fully reduced and analyzed to date. The majority of these show a single emission line galaxy (ELG). We see multiple ELGs in 13 fields, with up to four ELGs in a single field. All of the targets in this sample are detected in H alpha, indicating that dormant (non-star-forming) galaxies with M-H I greater than or similar to 3x10(7) M-circle dot are very rare. A database of the measured global properties of the ELGs is presented. The ELG sample spans 4 orders of magnitude in luminosity (H alpha and R band), and H alpha surface brightness, nearly 3 orders of magnitude in R surface brightness and nearly 2 orders of magnitude in H alpha equivalent width (EW). The surface brightness distribution of our sample is broader than that of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) spectroscopic sample, the EW distribution is broader than prism-selected samples, and the morphologies found include all common types of star-forming galaxies (e.g., irregular, spiral, blue compact dwarf, starbursts, merging and colliding systems, and even residual star formation in S0 and Sa spirals). Thus, SINGG presents a superior census of star formation in the local universe suitable for further studies ranging from the analysis of H II regions to determination of the local cosmic star formation rate density.

Drop formation and breakup of low viscosity elastic fluids: Effects of molecular weight and concentration

The dynamics of drop formation and pinch-off have been investigated for a series of low viscosity elastic fluids possessing similar shear viscosities, but differing substantially in elastic properties. On initial approach to the pinch region, the viscoelastic fluids all exhibit the same global necking behavior that is observed for a Newtonian fluid of equivalent shear viscosity. For these low viscosity dilute polymer solutions, inertial and capillary forces form the dominant balance in this potential flow regime, with the viscous force being negligible. The approach to the pinch point, which corresponds to the point of rupture for a Newtonian fluid, is extremely rapid in such solutions, with the sudden increase in curvature producing very large extension rates at this location. In this region the polymer molecules are significantly extended, causing a localized increase in the elastic stresses, which grow to balance the capillary pressure. This prevents the necked fluid from breaking off, as would occur in the equivalent Newtonian fluid. Alternatively, a cylindrical filament forms in which elastic stresses and capillary pressure balance, and the radius decreases exponentially with time. A (0+1)-dimensional finitely extensible nonlinear elastic dumbbell theory incorporating inertial, capillary, and elastic stresses is able to capture the basic features of the experimental observations. Before the critical "pinch time" t(p), an inertial-capillary balance leads to the expected 2/3-power scaling of the minimum radius with time: R-min similar to(t(p)-t)(2/3). However, the diverging deformation rate results in large molecular deformations and rapid crossover to an elastocapillary balance for times t>t(p). In this region, the filament radius decreases exponentially with time R-min similar to exp[(t(p)-t)/lambda(1)], where lambda(1) is the characteristic time constant of the polymer molecules. Measurements of the relaxation times of polyethylene oxide solutions of varying concentrations and molecular weights obtained from high speed imaging of the rate of change of filament radius are significantly higher than the relaxation times estimated from Rouse-Zimm theory, even though the solutions are within the dilute concentration region as determined using intrinsic viscosity measurements. The effective relaxation times exhibit the expected scaling with molecular weight but with an additional dependence on the concentration of the polymer in solution. This is consistent with the expectation that the polymer molecules are in fact highly extended during the approach to the pinch region (i.e., prior to the elastocapillary filament thinning regime) and subsequently as the filament is formed they are further extended by filament stretching at a constant rate until full extension of the polymer coil is achieved. In this highly extended state, intermolecular interactions become significant, producing relaxation times far above theoretical predictions for dilute polymer solutions under equilibrium conditions. (C) 2006 American Institute of Physics

O PLANEJAMENTO EDUCACIONAL E A CONSTRUÇÃO TEÓRICO-PRÁTICA DA AUTONOMIA DO EDUCADOR

Trata-se de uma pesquisa de mestrado que tem por objetivo discutir os processos de planejamento educacional e de formação continuada do professor de Ensino Médio, envolvendo aspectos do trabalho coletivo dos educadores/professores, o momento do registro, os saberes docentes e do coordenador pedagógico e a construção da autonomia docente. O trabalho visa responder às seguintes questões: por que é tão difícil que o trabalho de planejamento, a troca de experiência, o estudo conjunto aconteçam na escola, mesmo quando são destinadas horas remuneradas para esses fins? Por que as horas destinadas ao planejamento, à troca de experiências, à avaliação do trabalho pedagógico e à formação continuada não são bem aproveitadas na escola? Muitos governos estaduais e municipais e mesmo muitos mantenedores de instituições privadas, geralmente "enfiam goela abaixo" dos educadores os seus projetos, não solicitando dos mesmos a contribuição, e o que é mais importante, o envolvimento no processo de elaboração. Os professores, ao resistirem aos processos de planejamento, estão reagindo a essa forma autoritária de desencadear políticas? Se não, que razões levam o professor a rejeitar mudanças em sua prática? Quais questionamentos fazem os professores em torno do planejamento/plano? A dissertação tem como objetivo geral analisar as respostas apresentadas da sondagem exploratória realizada no início da pesquisa, com quatro professores de uma mesma escola de Ensino Médio da rede particular, e relacioná-las aos estudos bibliográficos apresentados a partir de diversos autores estudiosos no assunto. Pretende, ainda, enfocar o "como" os professores poderiam utilizar melhor o processo do trabalho coletivo para um movimento reflexivo do ato de educar; o "quanto" as horas previstas e remuneradas poderiam contribuir para as discussões sobre o processo ensino-aprendizagem-avaliação. Como procedimento metodológico, além da entrevista inicial, foi realizado um estudo bibliográfico sobre a importância da palavra a partir dos estudos de Freud e, em seguida, da abordagem multirrefrencial por permitir um olhar plural e mais humano sobre os processos educacionais. Foram apresentados estudos sobre os conceitos atribuídos às políticas de planejamento curricular: o planejamento e o plano de ensino - práticas construídas no cotidiano. Como resultados, mesmo que provisórios, apontamos para: o trabalho coletivo no espaço organizado e garantido pelos gestores da escola; a valorização da memória e autoria docente, para a reflexão de práticas, a visibilidade do trabalho e o resultado pedagógico. O trabalho ainda considera a importância da formação contínua, planejada em momentos remunerados e garantidos pela instituição, a importância da construção dos saberes, docentes e do coordenador pedagógico e a historicidade das práticas de registro dos planos como aspectos inerentes a um projeto pedagógico e que devem ser reconhecidos, valorizados e estimulados pelas políticas institucionais.(AU)

A FORMAÇÃO DO PEDAGOGO: ESTUDO DE CASO COM ALUNOS EGRESSOS DE UM CURSO DE PEDAGOGIA

A pesquisa elaborada teve por finalidade realizar uma investigação sobre a atuação de docentes das séries iniciais do Ensino Fundamental, relacionando-a ao desenvolvimento das competências e habilidades alcançadas a partir de sua formação realizada em um Curso de Pedagogia. O universo dessa pesquisa foi um Instituto Superior de Educação, na região do grande ABC de São Paulo, tendo como sujeitos alunos egressos do Curso de Pedagogia, formados a partir de 2005, que exercem suas atividades profissionais em espaços escolares. A metodologia utilizada para essa pesquisa foi um estudo de caso realizado a partir da análise da proposta formativa de pedagogos da Instituição pesquisada, relacionada às competências e habilidades desenvolvidas nos alunos egressos. Realizamos também uma análise comparativa entre os sujeitos da pesquisa em relação à formação anterior ao Curso de Pedagogia. A pesquisa de campo foi desenvolvida com 17 alunos egressos que cursaram Pedagogia no Instituto Superior de Educação pesquisado, por meio da aplicação de um questionário encaminhado via e-mail. A partir do retorno dos questionários, foi analisado o nível de satisfação dos alunos egressos em relação à sua formação acadêmica, ficando evidente os aspectos defasados, detectados pelos sujeitos, a partir da prática docente que exercem. Com base nas informações do questionário, selecionamos seis alunos egressos: três que cursaram o ensino médio regular e três que cursaram o 2º grau com Habilitação para o Magistério ou o CEFAM, para a realização de entrevistas, com o objetivo de aprofundar informações sobre a atuação docente relacionada à formação.(AU)

The formation and impact of hazard control policy:a study of the regulation of white lead paint in Britain

Government regulation of industrial hazards is examined in the context of the economic and technical processes of industrial development. Technical problems and costs of control are considered as factors in both the formation and impact of regulation. This thesis focuses on an historical case-study of the regulation of the hazard to painting workers from the use of lead pigments in paint. A regulatory strategy based on the prohibition of lead paints gained initial acceptance within the British state in 1911, but was subsequently rejected in favour of a strategy that allowed continued use of lead paint subject to hygiene precautions. The development of paint technology and its determinants, including concern about health hazards, are analysed, focusing on the innovation and diffusion into the paint industry of the major white pigments: white lead (PbC03 .PB(OH)2)and its substitutes. The process of regulatory development is examined, and the protracted and polarised regulatory d~bate contrasted to the prevailing 'consensual' methods of workplace regulation. The rejection of prohibition is analysed in terms of the different political and technical resources of those groups in conflict over this policy. This highlights the problems of consensus formation around such a strategy, and demonstrates certain constraints on state regulatory activity, particularly regarding industrial development. Member-states of the International Labour Organisation agreed to introduce partial prohibition of lead paint in 1921. Whether this was implemented is related to the economic importance of lead and non-lead metal and pigment industries to a nation. An analysis is made of the control of lead poisoning. The rate of control is related to the economic and technological trajectory of the regulated industry. Technical and organisational characteristics are considered as well as regulatory factors which range from voluntary compliance and informal pressures to direct legal requirements. The implications of this case-study for the analysis of the development and impacts of regulation are assessed.