Relación entre atrofia cortical difusa y desempeño cognitivo : estudio en población mayor de 60 años en un hospital universitario en la ciudad de Bogotá

El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo evaluar la existencia de la relación entre la atrofia cortical difusa objetivada por neuroimagenes cerebrales y desempeños cognitivos determinados mediante la aplicación de pruebas neuropsicológicas que evalúan memoria de trabajo, razonamiento simbólico verbal y memoria anterógrada declarativa. Participaron 114 sujetos reclutados en el Hospital Universitario Mayor Méderi de la ciudad de Bogotá mediante muestreo de conveniencia. Los resultados arrojaron diferencias significativas entre los dos grupos (pacientes con diagnóstico de atrofia cortical difusa y pacientes con neuroimagenes interpretadas como dentro de los límites normales) en todas las pruebas neuropsicológicas aplicadas. Respecto a las variables demográficas se pudo observar que el grado de escolaridad contribuye como factor neuroprotector de un posible deterioro cognitivo. Tales hallazgos son importantes para determinar protocoles tempranos de detección de posible instalación de enfermedades neurodegenerativas primarias.

Indicadores de saude em mulheres acima de 50 anos de idade participantes de um programa de atividades fisicas no complexo da Mare-RJ

Univesidade Estadual de Campinas. Faculdade de Educação Física

Trabalho resistido adaptado visando a independencia de pessoas com paraplegia nas suas atividades de vida diaria

Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Educação Física

Age-related difference on weight transfer during unconstrained standing

The ability to transfer weight from one lower limb to the other is essential for the execution of daily life activities and little is known about how weight transfer during unconstrained natural standing is affected by age. This study examined the weight transfer ability of elderly individuals during unconstrained standing (for 30 mill) in comparison to young adults. The subjects (19 healthy elderly adults, range 65-80 years, and 19 healthy young adults, range 18-30 years) stood with each foot on a separate force plate and were allowed to change their posture freely at any time. The limits of stability and base of support width during standing, measures of mobility (using the timed up and go and the preferred walking speed tests), and fear of falling were also measured. In comparison to the young adults, during unconstrained standing the elderly adults produced four times fewer weight transfers of large amplitude (greater than,half of their body weight). The limits of stability and base of support width were significantly smaller for the elderly adults but there were no significant differences in the measures of mobility and in the fear of falling score compared to young adults. The observed significant age-related decrease in the use of weight transfer during unconstrained standing, despite any difference in the measured mobility of the subjects, suggests that this task reveals unnoticed and subtle differences in postural control, which may help to better understand age related impairments in balance that the elderly population experiences. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Executive "brake failure" following deactivation of human frontal lobe

In the course of daily living, humans frequently encounter situations in which a motor activity, once initiated, becomes unnecessary or inappropriate. Under such circumstances, the ability to inhibit motor responses can be of vital importance. Although the nature of response inhibition has been studied in psychology for several decades, its neural basis remains unclear. Using transcranial magnetic stimulation, we found that temporary deactivation of the pars opercularis in the right inferior frontal gyrus selectively impairs the ability to stop an initiated action. Critically, deactivation of the same region did not affect the ability to execute responses, nor did it influence physiological arousal. These findings confirm and extend recent reports that the inferior frontal gyrus is vital for mediating response inhibition.

The Prognosis of the Traumatic Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Prospective Report of 121 Patients

Recent investigations have shown the significance of subarachnoid bleeding on computed tomography scans first taken after admission for head injuries. In our study, we describe a prospective follow-up of 121 patients with traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (tSAH). From January 2004 to January 2007 we collected data prospectively from 121 patients admitted with diagnosis of tSAH to our trauma intensive care unit, on the basis of admission with a computed tomography scan. The classification of tSAH was performed using the Fisher scale with modification, and the follow-up was performed using the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS). The minimum period for a follow-up was established 6 months after the injury. Traffic accident was the main cause of head injuries (72% in total; 48% involving cars and 24% involving motorcycles), followed by falls (23%) and aggression (5%). Twenty-eight percent of patients sustained major multiple injuries, with spinal injury as the main associated trauma. The outcome was favorable (GOS score 4 or 5) in 54 patients (45%) and unfavorable (GOS score 1, 2, or 3) in 67 patients (55%). The mortality rate was proportionally greater in patients who had cisternal clots >1 mm (P < 0.001), assessed by the Fisher scale with modification. When functional recovery was evaluated using the GOS, the recovery rate and the daily life activities were lower in patients with intraventricular bleeding (P = 0.001). Our results showed that patients with severe tSAH had the worst prognosis.

The supportive care needs of men with prostate cancer (2000)

The diagnosis and subsequent treatment of prostate cancer is followed by a range of significant disease specific and iatrogenic sequelae. However, the supportive care needs of men with prostate cancer are not well described in the literature. The present study assesses the supportive care needs of men with prostate cancer who are members of prostate cancer self-help groups in Queensland, Australia. In all, 206 men aged between 48 and 85 years (mean = 68) completed the Supportive Care Needs Survey (SCNS) (62% response). The SCNS is a validated measure assessing perceived need in the domains of psychological needs, health system and information needs, physical and daily living needs, patient care and support, and sexuality. Items assessing need for access to services and resources were also included. One third of the sample reported a moderate to high need for help for multiple items in the sexuality, psychological and health system and information domains. Younger men reported greater need in the sexuality domain; living in major urban centres was predictive of greater psychological need; being closer to the time of diagnosis was related to greater need for help in the physical and daily living domain; having prostate cancer that is not in remission, having received radiation therapy, and lower levels of education were predictive of greater need for help in patient care and support. Of the total sample, 55% of men had used alternative cancer treatments in the past 12 months, with younger and more educated men more likely to use alternative therapies. Interventions in sexuality, psychological concerns and informational support are priorities for men with prostate cancer. Copyright (C) 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

A trajetória de um serviço público em álcool e outras drogas no município de Vitória : o caso do CPTT

Comunicação oral apresentada na 18th World Conference of Social Work realizada em 2006 em Munique, Alemanha.

Knee muscle strength, balance and functional independence in persons with stroke

Purpose: to investigate the relationship between knee muscle strength, balance and functional independence within the first month after stroke. Relevance: cerebral vascular disease is one of the main causes of morbidity, disability and mortality in developed countries. Problems with movement control are frequent after stroke. Lower limb weakness and impaired balance are common problems that are related with the risk of falls and are likely to interfere with the ability to perform daily life activities. Physiotherapy intervention usually starts early after stroke and addresses impairments related to movement and posture in order to improve motor recovery and restore function.

Muscle strength, balance and functional independence in persons with stroke

Cerebral vascular disease is one of the main causes of morbidity, disability and mortality in developed countries. Problems with movement control are frequent after stroke. Lower limb weakness and impaired balance are common problems that are related with the risk of falls and are likely to interfere with the ability to perform daily life activities. Physiotherapy intervention usually starts early after stroke and addresses impairments related to movement and posture in order to improve motor recovery and restore function. Purpose: to investigate the relationship between knee muscle strength, balance and functional independence within the first month after stroke.

Efeito agudo do exercício físico na rigidez arterial

Este estudo pretendeu reproduzir uma tarefa da vida diária (marcha com transporte de peso nos membros superiores) realizada de forma rotineira e até aconselhada no contexto da prevenção e reabilitação de patologia cardiovascular, desta forma, teve como objectivo avaliar o efeito agudo de uma sessão de exercício aeróbio associado a exercício isométrico na rigidez arterial em indivíduos jovens. Foram recrutados 14 indivíduos do sexo masculino com média de idade de 30,3±3,6 anos. Foram realizadas duas sessões de exercício com uma semana de intervalo. Em ambas as sessões de exercício, os sujeitos caminharam num tapete rolante a uma velocidade de 5,0 km/h por um período de dez minutos, sendo que, numa das sessões, determinada aleatoriamente, carregaram o equivalente a 10% do seu peso corporal distribuído igualmente pelos dois membros superiores em dois garrafões de água. Avaliou-se em repouso e imediatamente após o exercício, a pressão arterial periférica, a frequência cardíaca e a rigidez arterial. A análise da rigidez arterial foi efectuada na artéria radial do membro superior direito com um sistema transdutor automático de pressão. Os parâmetros reportados neste estudo são a frequência cardíaca, a pressão arterial sistólica e diastólica, a pressão arterial média, a pressão central (aórtica) sistólica, a pressão de pulso central, a pressão de aumentação e o índice de aumentação a 75 bmp (Aix@75). Em repouso, não se verificaram diferenças significativas entre as duas sessões de exercício nos parâmetros avaliados. O principal resultado do presente estudo indica que a rigidez arterial aumenta de forma aguda com a realização de caminhada (exercício aeróbio) apenas quando esta é acompanhada do transporte nos membros superiores de uma carga externa (exercício isométrico) [Aix@75: -5.5(8.4) para -1.36(8.17)%, p<0.05]. Relativamente ao protocolo exclusivamente aeróbio não se verificaram diferenças significativas na rigidez arterial [Aix@75: -4.2(9.1) para -4.69(7.93)%, p>0.05]. Em conclusão, os resultados do presente estudo indicam que a rigidez arterial, em indivíduos jovens e aparentemente saudáveis, aumenta de forma significativa apenas quando o exercício aeróbio é acompanhado de exercício isométrico de membros superiores com transporte de carga adicional.

Self-reported hearing performance in workers exposed to solvents

OBJECTIVE: To compare hearing performance relating to the peripheral and central auditory system between solvent-exposed and non-exposed workers. METHODS: Forty-eight workers exposed to a mixture of solvents and 48 non-exposed control subjects of matched age, gender and educational level were selected to participate in the study. The evaluation procedures included: pure-tone audiometry (500 - 8,000 Hz), to investigate the peripheral auditory system; the Random Gap Detection test, to assess the central auditory system; and the Amsterdam Inventory for Auditory Disability and Handicap, to investigate subjects' self-reported hearing performance in daily-life activities. A Student t test and analyses of covariance (ANCOVA) were computed to determine possible significant differences between solvent-exposed and non-exposed subjects for the hearing level, Random Gap Detection test and Amsterdam Inventory for Auditory Disability and Handicap. Pearson correlations among the three measures were also calculated. RESULTS: Solvent-exposed subjects exhibited significantly poorer hearing thresholds for the right ear than non-exposed subjects. Also, solvent-exposed subjects exhibited poorer results for the Random Gap Detection test and self-reported poorer listening performance than non-exposed subjects. Results of the Amsterdam Inventory for Auditory Disability and Handicap were significantly correlated with the binaural average of subject pure-tone thresholds and Random Gap Detection test performance. CONCLUSIONS: Solvent exposure is associated with poorer hearing performance in daily life activities that relate to the function of the peripheral and central auditory system.

Importance of program physical activity in quality of life in multiple sclerosis patients, six months after the intervention

Background: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disease of the central nervous system that affects more often young adults in the prime of his career and personal development, with no cure and unknown causes. The most common signs and symptoms are fatigue, muscle weakness, changes in sensation, ataxia, changes in balance, gait difficulties, memory difficulties, cognitive impairment and difficulties in problem solving MS is a relatively common neurological disorder in which various impairments and disabilities impact strongly on function and daily life activities. Purpose: The aim of this study is to examine the implications of an Intervention Program of Physical Activity (IPPA) in quality of life in MS patients, six months after the intervention.

Utilization of remote experimentation in mobile devices for education

In this paper the authors intend to demonstrate the utilization of remote experimentation (RE) using mobile computational devices in the Science areas of the elementary school, with the purpose to develop practices that will help in the assimilation process of the subjects taught in classroom seeking to interlink them with the daily students? activities. Allying mobility with RE we intend to minimize the space-temporal barrier giving more availability and speed in the information access. The implemented architecture utilizes technologies and freely distributed softwares with open code resources besides remote experiments developed in the Laboratory of Remote Experimentation (RExLab) of Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), in Brazil, through the physical computation platform of the ?open hardware of construction of our own. The utilization of open code computational tools and the integration of hardware to the 3D virtual worlds, accessible through mobile devices, give to the project an innovative face with a high potential for reproducibility and reusability.

A influência dos jogos matemáticos na predisposição dos alunos para a matemática e na sua aprendizagem

Relatório de estágio apresentado à Escola Superior de Educação de Lisboa para obtenção de grau de mestre em Ensino do 1.º e do 2.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico