A suggested translation of art related texts

The thesis is the translation of art related texts, translated for a sculptor of Bologna. The comment to the translation is based on functional theories.

Distribuzione dei neuroni che esprimono il peptide correlato al gene della calcitonina (CGRP) nel midollo spinale di Tursiope (Tursiops truncatus, Montagu, 1821)

Il peptide correlato al gene della calcitonina (CGRP) è una molecola presente nei neuroni del midollo spinale di diverse specie di Mammiferi, inclusi topi, ratti, conigli, cani, gatti, pecore, scimmie e uomo. Nonostante la distribuzione dei neuroni contenenti questo neuropeptide sia stata studiata in maniera dettagliata nel midollo spinale delle suddette specie, non sono disponibili, in letteratura, informazioni relative alla presenza di queste cellule nel midollo spinale dei Cetacei. Di conseguenza, è stata condotta la presente ricerca che ha avuto lo scopo di determinare, mediante metodiche di immunoistochimica, la distribuzione e la morfologia dei neuroni esprimenti il CGRP nel midollo spinale di tursiope (Tursiops truncatus). In questa specie, la distribuzione laminare (secondo Rexed) dei neuroni CGRP-immunoreattivi è assai simile a quella che si osserva nei Roditori, nei Carnivori e nei Primati; infatti, i corpi cellulari immunopositivi sono localizzati soprattutto in corrispondenza dell’apice del corno dorsale (lamine I e II) e nel corno ventrale (lamine VIII e IX). La distribuzione e la morfologia dei neuroni esprimenti CGRP nel midollo spinale di tursiope suggeriscono come tale neuropeptide possa essere coinvolto nella trasmissione delle informazioni sia sensitive (somatiche e viscerali) che motorie. I neuroni CGRP-immunoreattivi localizzati nelle lamine I e II del midollo spinale di tursiope, come dimostrato in altre specie, potrebbero agire da interneuroni modulando le informazioni nocicettive che dai gangli spinali vengono trasmesse al midollo spinale. Nelle lamine I e II sono presenti anche numerosi processi immunopositivi che, oltre ad appartenere a neuroni locali, derivano, molto probabilmente, dai ai neuroni pseudounipolari dei gangli spinali. In accordo con quanto appena affermato, è opportuno sottolineare come le fibre afferenti primarie provenienti dai gangli spinali utilizzino il CGRP per la trasmissione delle informazioni dolorifiche. La presenza di CGRP nei neuroni della lamina VIII, invece, indica come questo neuropeptide possa essere implicato nella trasmissione di segnali di natura motoria, utilizzando meccanismi presinaptici. Infine, la presenza di numerosi motoneuroni immunoreattivi per il CGRP nella lamina IX indicherebbe un’azione diretta svolta da questo neuropeptide nell’interazione tra motoneurone inferiore e muscolo scheletrico.

Dimensionamento di azionamenti meccanici e idraulici per una pressa elicoidale disidratante

Dimensionamento di azionamenti meccanici e idraulici per una pressa elicoidale disidratante.

Parole in forma di gatto. Gatos y leones di Xose Antonio Neira Cruz: proposta di traduzione

El presente trabajo tiene el objetivo de dar a conocer a los jóvenes lectores italianos la obra narrativa y el estilo literario de Xosé Neira Cruz, uno de los autores más representativos de la literatura infantil contemporánea gallega y española. Con este fin, se ha traducido y analizado uno de los libros más famosos del autor, Gatos y leones, finalista en el concurso catalán Lola Anglada poco tiempo después de su primera aparición. El trabajo consta de cinco capítulos. En el primero, se presenta al autor, detallando su vida, su estilo y sus obras, a través de una entrevista que es el fruto del encuentro con el autor en Santiago de Compostela (enero de 2015). En el segundo capítulo, se ofrece un análisis del texto original, profundizando los aspectos más significativos de la obra en general y de cada cuento en particular (trama, narrador, personajes principales, tiempo y espacio, estilo y temas). El tercer capítulo está dedicado a la figura del gato, protagonista indiscutible de los cuentos que forman el libro e inspiración de la obra literaria y artística de muchos escritores, poetas y pintores, a lo largo de los siglos. En el cuarto capitúlo se encuentra la propuesta de traducción, en la que se ha preservado el formato del original y se han añadido ilustraciones para enriquecer el texto. Finalmente, en el quinto capítulo, se expone la metodología adoptada para traducir el texto y se comentan las estrategias empleadas a lo largo del proceso de traducción para resolver los problemas que han surgido.

Algoritmi quantistici e classi di complessità

Solitamente il concetto di difficoltà è piuttosto soggettivo, ma per un matematico questa parola ha un significato diverso: anche con l’aiuto dei più potenti computer può essere impossibile trovare la soluzione di un sudoku, risolvere l’enigma del commesso viaggiatore o scomporre un numero nei suoi fattori primi; in questo senso le classi di complessità computazionale quantificano il concetto di difficoltà secondo le leggi dell’informatica classica. Una macchina quantistica, però, non segue le leggi classiche e costituisce un nuovo punto di vista in una frontiera della ricerca legata alla risoluzione dei celebri problemi del millennio: gli algoritmi quantistici implementano le proprietà straordinarie e misteriose della teoria dei quanti che, quando applicate lucidamente, danno luogo a risultati sorprendenti.

Structure-activity relationship and mechanism of action studies of manzamine analogues for the control of neuroinflammation and cerebral infections

Structure-activity relationship studies were carried out by chemical modification of manzamine A (1), 8-hydroxymanzamine A (2), manzamine F (14), and ircinal isolated from the sponge Acanthostrongylophora. The derived analogues were evaluated for antimalarial, antimicrobial, and antineuroinflammatory activities. Several modified products exhibited potent and improved in vitro antineuroinflammatory, antimicrobial, and antimalarial activity. 1 showed improved activity against malaria compared to chloroquine in both multi- and single-dose in vivo experiments. The significant antimalarial potential was revealed by a 100% cure rate of malaria in mice with one administration of 100 mg/kg of 1. The potent antineuroinflammatory activity of the manzamines will provide great benefit for the prevention and treatment of cerebral infections (e.g., Cryptococcus and Plasmodium). In addition, 1 was shown to permeate across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in an in vitro model using a MDR-MDCK monolayer. Docking studies support that 2 binds to the ATP-noncompetitive pocket of glycogen synthesis kinase-3beta (GSK-3beta), which is a putative target of manzamines. On the basis of the results presented here, it will be possible to initiate rational drug design efforts around this natural product scaffold for the treatment of several different diseases.

Fatal sepsis in an AIDS patient during therapy for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia

The case of a patient with a newly diagnosed HIV infection and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is presented. Despite treatment with high-dose trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX) and prednisone with initial improvement, the patient acutely deteriorated with severe acidosis and died on the 4th day of hospitalization. Cryptococcus neoformans grew the next day in broncheoalveolar lavage (BAL) and blood culture. As simultaneous presence of more than one opportunistic infection can occur in these patients, systematic workup for other common opportunistic infections must be performed.

Delayed diagnosis of cryptococcal meningoencephalitis due to negative cryptococcal antigen test

Cryptococcus spp. commonly causes infection in immunocompromised hosts. Clinical presentation of cryptococcal meningoencephalitis (CM) is variable, but headache, fever and a high intracranial pressure should suggest the diagnosis. The cryptococcal antigen test is a specific and sensitive rapid test that can be performed on blood or cerebrospinal fluid. We report a case of CM in a patient with previously undetected lymphocytopenia. Because cryptococcal antigen test results were negative, diagnosis and treatment were delayed.

MEN1 Gene Mutation and Reduced Expression Are Associated With Poor Prognosis in Pulmonary Carcinoids

Context: MEN1 gene alterations have been implicated in lung carcinoids, but their effect on gene expression and disease outcome is unknown. Objective: Our objective was to analyze MEN1 gene and expression anomalies in lung neuroendocrine neoplasms and their correlations with clinicopathologic data and disease outcome. Design: We examined 74 lung neuroendocrine neoplasms including 58 carcinoids and 16 high-grade neuroendocrine carcinomas (HGNECs) for MEN1 mutations (n = 70) and allelic losses (n = 69), promoter hypermethylation (n = 65), and mRNA (n = 74) expression. Results were correlated with disease outcome. Results: MEN1 mutations were found in 7 of 55 (13%) carcinoids and in 1 HGNEC, mostly associated with loss of the second allele. MEN1 decreased expression levels correlated with the presence of mutations (P = .0060) and was also lower in HGNECs than carcinoids (P = .0024). MEN1 methylation was not associated with mRNA expression levels. Patients with carcinoids harboring MEN1 mutation and loss had shorter overall survival (P = .039 and P = .035, respectively) and low MEN1 mRNA levels correlated with distant metastasis (P = .00010) and shorter survival (P = .0071). In multivariate analysis, stage and MEN1 allelic loss were independent predictors of prognosis. Conclusion: Thirteen percent of pulmonary carcinoids harbor MEN1 mutation associated with reduced mRNA expression and poor prognosis. Also in mutation-negative tumors, low MEN1 gene expression correlates with an adverse disease outcome. Hypermethylation was excluded as the underlying mechanism.

Geochemical variability in distal and proximal glass from the Youngest Toba Tuff eruption

The Youngest Toba Tuff (YTT, erupted ca. 74 ka ago) is a distinctive and widespread tephra marker across south and southeast Asia. The climatic, human and environmental consequences of the YTT eruption are widely debated. Although a considerable body of geochemical data is available for this unit, there has not been a systematic study of the variability of the ash geochemistry. Intrinsic (magmatic) and extrinsic (post-depositional) chemical variations bring fundamental information regarding the petrogenesis of the magma, the distribution of the tephra and the interaction between the ash and the receiving environment. Considering the importance of the geochemistry of the YTT for stratigraphic correlations and eruptive models, it is central to the YTT debate to quantify and interpret such variations. Here we collate all published geochemical data on the YTT glass, including analyses from 68 sites described in the literature and three new samples. Two principal sources of chemical variation are investigated: (i) compositional zonation of the magma reservoir, and (ii) post-depositional alteration. Post-depositional leaching is responsible for up to ca. 11% differences in Na2O/K2O and ca. 1% differences in SiO2/Al2O3 ratios in YTT glass from marine sites. Continental tephra are 2% higher in Na2O/K2O and 3% higher in SiO2/Al2O3 respect to the marine tephra. We interpret such post-depositional glass alteration as related to seawater induced alkali migration in marine environments, or to site-specific water pH. Crystal fractionation and consequential magmatic differentiation, which produced order-of-magnitude variations in trace element concentrations reported in the literature, also produced major element differences in the YTT glass. FeO/Al2O3 ratios vary by about 50 %, which is analytically significant. These variations represent magmatic fractionation involving Fe-bearing phases. We also compared major element concentrations in YTT and Oldest Toba Tuff (OTT) ash samples, to identify potential compositional differences that could constrain the stratigraphic identity of the Morgaon ash (Western India); no differences between the OTT and YTT samples were observed.

Whole-exome sequencing reveals a C-terminal germline variant in CEBPA-associated acute myeloid leukemia: 45-year follow-up of a large family.

Familial acute myeloid leukemia is rare and linked to germline mutations in RUNX1, GATA2 or CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-α (CEBPA). We re-evaluated a large family with acute myeloid leukemia originally seen at NIH in 1969. We utilized whole-exome sequencing to study this family, and conducted in silico bioinformatics analysis, protein structural modeling and laboratory experiments to assess the impact of the identified CEBPA Q311P mutation. Unlike most previously identified germline mutations in CEBPA, which were N-terminal frameshift mutations, we identified a novel Q311P variant that was located in the C-terminal bZip domain of C/EBPα. Protein structural modeling suggested that the Q311P mutation alters the ability of the CEBPA dimer to bind DNA. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays showed that the Q311P mutant had attenuated binding to DNA, as predicted by the protein modeling. Consistent with these findings, we found that the Q311P mutation has reduced transactivation, consistent with a loss-of-function mutation. From 45 years of follow-up, we observed incomplete penetrance (46%) of CEBPA Q311P. This study of a large multi-generational pedigree reveals that a germline mutation in the C-terminal bZip domain can alter the ability of C/EBP-α to bind DNA and reduces transactivation, leading to acute myeloid leukemia.