Intracellular survival of apicomplexan parasites and host cell modification

The intracellular stages of apicomplexan parasites are known to extensively modify their host cells to ensure their own survival. Recently, considerable progress has been made in understanding the molecular details of these parasite-dependent effects for Plasmodium-, Toxoplasma- and Theileria-infected cells. We have begun to understand how Plasmodium liver stage parasites protect their host hepatocytes from apoptosis during parasite development and how they induce an ordered cell death at the end of the liver stage. Toxoplasma parasites are also known to regulate host cell survival pathways and it has been convincingly demonstrated that they block host cell major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-dependent antigen presentation of parasite epitopes to avoid cell-mediated immune responses. Theileria parasites are the masters of host cell modulation because their presence immortalises the infected cell. It is now accepted that multiple pathways are activated to induce Theileria-dependent host cell transformation. Although it is now known that similar host cell pathways are affected by the different parasites, the outcome for the infected cell varies considerably. Improved imaging techniques and new methods to control expression of parasite and host cell proteins will help us to analyse the molecular details of parasite-dependent host cell modifications.

Short-range public transportation improvements. Final report.

Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Washington, D.C.

El libro del trópico.

Mode of access: Internet.

Voronezhskai︠a︡ starina.

"Otpechatano vʹ kolichestvi︠e︡ 250 ėkzempli︠a︡rovʹ."

Biographical and bibliographical dictionary of the Italian humanists and of the world of classical scholarship in Italy, 1300-1800.

Vol. 6: Supplement. A-Z has half title: Dictionary of the Italian humanists.

The autobiography of a boy;

Mode of access: Internet.

Library catalogue.

Mode of access: Internet.

Truck speeds along downgrades in California.

Mode of access: Internet.

Accidents on spiral transition curves in California. Final report.

Federal Highway Administration, Washington, D.C.

Documents relating to the constitutional history of Canada.

Editors: v. 1., Adam Shortt and A.G. Doughty; v. 2., A.G. Doughty and D.A. McArthur; v. 3., A.G. Doughty and Norah Story.

The life of Field-Marshal Sir Frederick Paul Haines,

Mode of access: Internet.

Scotland,

Mode of access: Internet.

Scotland,

Mode of access: Internet.

Ordenliche Beschreibung, welcher Gestalt die nachbarliche Bündnuss vnd Verain der dreyen löblichen freien Stätt Zürich, Bern vnd Strassburg, dieses gegenwertigen 1588. Jars im Monat Maio ist ernewert, bestättigt vnd vollzogen worden : sampt etlichen poetischen Glückwünschungen vnd sonsten nötige Erinnerung vnd Vorred : auch Figuren, vnd der gemelten drey Stätt Contrafacturen.

Signatures: )(⁴ A-H⁴.